The Effect of Pair-Instability Mass Loss on Black Hole Mergers

Abstract

Mergers of two stellar origin black holes are a prime source of gravitational waves and are under intensive investigations. One crucial ingredient in their modeling has so far been neglected. Pair-instability pulsation supernovae with associated severe mass loss may suppress formation of massive black holes, decreasing black hole merger rates for the highest black hole masses. The mass loss associated with pair-instability pulsation supernovae limits the Population I/II stellar-origin black hole mass to 50 Msun, in tension with earlier predictions that the maximum black hole mass could be as high as 100 Msun. Suppression of double black hole merger rates by pair-instability pulsation supernovae is negligible for our evolutionary channel. Our standard evolutionary model with inclusion of pair-instability pulsation supernovae and with pair-instability supernovae is fully consistent with the LIGO detections of black hole mergers: GW150914, GW151226 and LVT151012. The LIGO observations seem to exclude high (>400 km/s) BH natal kicks. We predict the detection of several up to 60 BH-BH mergers with total mass 10--150 Msun (most likely range: 20--80 Msun) in the forthcoming 60 effective days of LIGO O2 observations.

arXiv commentA&A; comments welcome

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• On the Astrophysical Origin of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations: A Tale of Three Channels?
• Confronting primordial black holes with LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA and the Einstein Telescope
• Multiple stellar populations in MOCCA globular cluster models: Transient spatial over-concentration of pristine red giant stars driven by strong dynamical encounters
• Stellar-Mass Black Holes
• Not all roads lead to merger: AGN disc properties influence the interactions of highly unequal mass black holes
• Detectability of Population III stellar remnants as X-ray binaries from tidal captures in the local Universe
• Single-event likelihood of star cluster properties with LIGO-Virgo-Kagra binary black hole observations
• Expect the unexpected: augmented mixture models for black-hole-population studies
• Pulsars and Millisecond Pulsars II: Deep diving into the Evolutionary Mechanisms
• Supernovae in massive binaries and compact object mergers near supermassive black holes
• Hierarchical Merger of Primordial Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• Relativistic Coulomb Screening in Pulsational Pair Instability Supernovae
• Spin-up and spin distribution of stellar black holes grown by gas accretion in proto-stellar clusters
• Double white dwarf binary population in MOCCA star clusters -- Comparisons with observations of close and wide binaries
• Lensing by primordial black holes: constraints from gravitational wave observations
• Measurement prospects for the pair-instability mass cutoff with gravitational waves
• Gravitational background from dynamical binaries and detectability with 2G detectors
• Intermediate-mass black holes and contribution to extragalactic background light from Population III stars in Milky Way-like galaxies
• Gravitational wave background from mergers of large primordial black holes
• Capability for detection of GW190521-like binary black holes with TianQin
• Dynamical double black holes and their host cluster properties
• Detectability of a spatial correlation between stellar-mass black hole mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe
• Estimating Transient Rates from Cosmological Simulations and BPASS
• Direct N-body simulations of rotating and extremely massive Population III star clusters
• Gravitational-wave standard sirens and application in cosmology
• Modelling the host galaxies of binary compact object mergers with observational scaling relations
• Self-lensing binaries as probes of Supernova physics