Black hole-neutron star mergers from triples

Abstract

Mergers of black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) binaries are expected to be observed by gravitational wave observatories in the coming years. Until now, LIGO has only set an upper limit on this merger rate. BH-NS binaries are expected to merge in isolation, as their formation is suppressed in star clusters by the mass segregation and the strong heating by BHs in the cluster core. Another viable scenario to BH-NS mergers is in triple systems. In this paper, we carry out a systematic statistical study of the dynamical evolution of triples comprised of an inner BH-NS binary by means of high-precision $N$-body simulations, including Post-Newtonian (PN) terms up to 2.5PN order. We start from the main sequence massive stars and model the supernovae (SN) events that lead to the formation of BHs and NSs. We adopt different prescriptions for the natal velocity kicks imparted during the SN processes and illustrate that large kicks lead to more compact and massive triples that merge on shorter timescales. We also show that BH-NS merging in triples have a significant eccentricity in the LIGO band, typically much larger than BH-NS merging in isolated binaries. Finally, we estimate a rate of ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{BH}-\mathrm{NS}}\approx 1.0\times 10^{-3}-3.5\times 10^{-2}{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$, for non-zero velocity kicks, and ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{BH}-\mathrm{NS}}=19{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$, for no natal kicks. Our rate estimate overlaps with the expected BH-NS rate in isolated binaries and within the LIGO upper limit.

arXiv comment8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (58)

• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• Comprehensive analytic formulae for stellar evolution as a function of mass and metallicity
• A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
• Stellar Multiplicity
• The first gravitational-wave source from the isolated evolution of two 40-100 Msun stars
• The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications
• A new route towards merging massive black holes
• Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution: Observational Campaign and Companion Detection
• The Velocity Distribution of Isolated Radio Pulsars
• Rapid and Bright Stellar-mass Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Effects of Binary Evolution on the Dynamics of Core Collapse and Neutron-Star Kicks
• Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey VIII. Multiplicity properties of the O-type star population
• Gravitational waves from scattering of stellar-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Assisted Inspirals of Stellar Mass Black Holes Embedded in AGN Disks: Solving the "Final AU Problem"
• Secular evolution of compact binaries near massive black holes: gravitational wave sources and other exotica
• Secular Dynamics in Hierarchical Three-Body Systems
• On the Eccentricity Distribution of Coalescing Black Hole Binaries Driven by the Kozai Mechanism in Globular Clusters
• The Effect of Pair-Instability Mass Loss on Black Hole Mergers
• Progenitors of gravitational wave mergers: Binary evolution with the stellar grid-based code ComBinE
• The progenitors of compact-object binaries: impact of metallicity, common envelope and natal kicks
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Coalescing Binary Black Holes Originating From Globular Clusters
• Binary black hole mergers from field triples: properties, rates and the impact of stellar evolution
• Eccentric Black Hole Mergers Forming in Globular Clusters
• Lidov-Kozai Cycles with Gravitational Radiation: Merging Black Holes in Isolated Triple Systems
• Toward Complete Statistics of Massive Binary Stars: Penultimate Results from the Cygnus OB2 Radial Velocity Survey
• Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Dense Star Clusters: The Role of Binary-Binary Encounters
• Resonant Shattering of Neutron Star Crusts
• Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers: Disk Mass Predictions
• Eccentricity growth and orbit flip in coplanar hierarchical three body systems
• Implementing Few-Body Algorithmic Regularization with Post-Newtonian Terms
• Black hole mergers from an evolving population of globular clusters
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation
• Greatly enhanced merger rates of compact-object binaries in non-spherical nuclear star clusters
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XXII. Multiplicity properties of the B-type stars
• Rapid Eccentricity Oscillations and the Mergers of Compact Objects in Hierarchical Triples
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation II
• Eccentric Black Hole Gravitational-Wave Capture Sources in Galactic Nuclei: Distribution of Binary Parameters
• Dynamical formation signatures of black hole binaries in the first detected mergers by LIGO
• Black hole mergers from quadruples
• How Gravitational-wave Observations Can Shape the Gamma-ray Burst Paradigm
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Eccentric Black Hole Mergers During Binary-Single Interactions In Globular Clusters
• Algorithmic regularization with velocity-dependent forces
• Quasi-secular evolution of mildly hierarchical triple systems: analytics and applications for GW-sources and hot Jupiters
• Enhanced Black-Hole Mergers in Binary-Binary Interactions
• Black hole-neutron star mergers and short GRBs: a relativistic toy model to estimate the mass of the torus
• The Star Formation Rate Distribution Function of the Local Universe
• Measurement Accuracy of Inspiraling Eccentric Neutron Star and Black Hole Binaries Using Gravitational Waves
• A catalog of wide binary and multiple systems of bright stars from Gaia-DR2 and the Virtual Observatory
• Asymmetric supernova in hierarchical multiple star systems and application to J1903+0327
• Eccentric binary black hole mergers in globular clusters hosting intermediate-mass black holes
• SNe Kicks in Hierarchical Triple Systems
• Neutron stars and millisecond pulsars in star clusters: implications for the diffuse $\gamma$-radiation from the Galactic Centre
• Bright transients from strongly-magnetized neutron star-black hole mergers
• Big Black Hole, Little Neutron Star: Magnetic Dipole Fields in the Rindler Spacetime

Cited by in corpus (70)

• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M${}_{\odot }$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M${}_{\odot }$ Compact Object
• Observation of gravitational waves from two neutron star-black hole coalescences
• Rates of Compact Object Coalescences
• Black hole and neutron star mergers in galactic nuclei
• The cosmic merger rate density of compact objects: impact of star formation, metallicity, initial mass function and binary evolution
• Hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters: the effect of metallicity, spin and cluster properties
• Impact of Massive Binary Star and Cosmic Evolution on Gravitational Wave Observations I: Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers
• On the Rate of Neutron Star Binary Mergers from Globular Clusters
• The evolution of stellar triples: The most common evolutionary pathways
• Black hole mergers from quadruples
• Hierarchical Black-Hole Mergers in Multiple Systems: Constrain the Formation of GW190412, GW190814 and GW190521-like events
• Compact object mergers: exploring uncertainties from stellar and binary evolution with SEVN
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters IV: updated stellar-evolutionary and black hole spin models and comparisons with the LIGO-Virgo O1/O2 merger-event data
• Constraining the orbital eccentricity of inspiralling compact binary systems with Advanced LIGO
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Dynamics of black hole - neutron star binaries in young star clusters
• Stochastic gravitational-wave background as a tool to investigate multi-channel astrophysical and primordial black-hole mergers
• High Eccentricities and High Masses Characterize Gravitational-wave Captures in Galactic Nuclei as Seen by Earth-based Detectors
• On the formation of GW190814
• Modelling Neutron Star-Black Hole Binaries: Future Pulsar Surveys and Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Mergers in Triple Systems: II. Merger Eccentricity and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• Merging Black Holes in the Low-mass and High-mass Gaps from 2+2 Quadruple Systems
• Single-single gravitational-wave captures in globular clusters: Eccentric deci-Hertz sources observable by DECIGO and Tian-Qin
• Multiple Stellar Evolution: a population synthesis algorithm to model the stellar, binary, and dynamical evolution of multiple-star systems
• Black hole-neutron star mergers are unlikely multi-messenger sources
• Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
• Black hole and neutron star mergers in Galactic Nuclei: the role of triples
• Eccentric binary black hole mergers in globular clusters hosting intermediate-mass black holes
• Dynamics of binary black holes in low-mass young star clusters
• Effective spin distribution of black hole mergers in triples
• Double neutron star mergers from hierarchical triple-star systems
• Was GW190412 born from a hierarchical 3+1 quadruple configuration?
• Populating the Black Hole Mass Gaps In Stellar Clusters: General Relations and Upper Limits
• Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers from Gravitational Wave Captures
• Algebraic and machine learning approach to hierarchical triple-star stability
• The Effect of Distant Encounters on Black Hole Binaries in Globular Clusters: Systematic Increase of In-cluster Mergers in the LISA band
• Return of the TEDI: revisiting the Triple Evolution Dynamical Instability channel in triple stars
• A statistical view on stable and unstable Roche lobe overflow of a tertiary star onto the inner binary in triple systems
• Demographics of neutron stars in young massive and open clusters
• First and second-generation black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 quadruples: population statistics
• Properties of von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations in triple systems at the quadrupole order: relaxing the test particle approximation
• Massive binary star mergers in galactic nuclei: implications for blue stragglers, binary S-stars and gravitational waves
• Constraints on compact binary merger evolution from spin-orbit misalignment in gravitational-wave observations
• Impact of natal kicks on merger rates and spin-orbit misalignments of black hole -- neutron star mergers
• Black hole - neutron star mergers: The first mass gap and kilonovae
• Secular dynamics of hierarchical multiple systems composed of nested binaries, with an arbitrary number of bodies and arbitrary hierarchical structure. III. Suborbital effects: hybrid integration techniques and orbit-averaging corrections
• Companion-driven evolution of massive stellar binaries
• Amplification of superkicks in black-hole binaries through orbital eccentricity
• Black hole-neutron star mergers from triples II: the role of metallicity and spin-orbit misalignment
• Orbital eccentricity in a neutron star - black hole merger
• How important is secular evolution for black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems?
• The impact of distant fly-bys on the rate of binary primordial black hole mergers
• Binary black hole mergers from young massive and open clusters: comparison to GWTC-2 gravitational wave data
• Tidal disruption events onto stellar black holes in triples
• The Mass Ratio Distribution of Tertiary Induced Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Orbital Eccentricity and Spin-Orbit Misalignment Are Evidence that Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers Form through Triple Star Evolution
• Neutron Stars in the Effective Fly-By Framework: $f$-Mode Re-summation
• Constraining neutron star radii in black hole-neutron star mergers from their electromagnetic counterparts
• Binary imposters: Mergers in massive hierarchical triple stars
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Formation of the First Two Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers (GW200115 and GW200105) from Isolated Binary Evolution
• Unexpected LIGO events and the Mirror World
• The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from Gaia EDR3
• Black Holes LIGO/Virgo Domination and Single-lined Binaries with a Black Hole Candidate Component
• Challenges in Forming Millisecond Pulsar-Black Holes from Isolated Binaries
• The hierarchical three-body problem at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$
• Supernovae in massive binaries and compact object mergers near supermassive black holes
• Gravitational waves from sub-solar mass primordial black holes
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• Formation of the double white dwarf binary PTF J0533+0209 through stable mass transfer?