A new route towards merging massive black holes

Abstract

Recent advances in gravitational-wave astronomy make the direct detection of gravitational waves from the merger of two stellar-mass compact objects a realistic prospect. Evolutionary scenarios towards mergers of double compact objects generally invoke common-envelope evolution which is poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in merger rates. We explore the alternative scenario of massive overcontact binary (MOB) evolution, which involves two very massive stars in a very tight binary which remain fully mixed due to their tidally induced high spin. We use the public stellar-evolution code MESA to systematically study this channel by means of detailed simulations. We find that, at low metallicity, MOBs produce double-black-hole (BH+BH) systems that will merge within a Hubble time with mass ratios close to one, in two mass ranges, ~25...60msun and >~ 130msun, with pair instability supernovae (PISNe) being produced in-between. Our models are also able to reproduce counterparts of various stages in the MOB scenario in the local Universe, providing direct support for it. We map the initial parameter space that produces BH+BH mergers, determine the expected chirp mass distribution, merger times, Kerr parameters and predict event rates. We typically find that for Z~<Z_sun/10, there is one BH+BH merger for ~1000 core-collapse supernovae. The advanced LIGO (aLIGO) detection rate is more uncertain and depends on the metallicity evolution. Deriving upper and lower limits from a local and a global approximation for the metallicity distribution of massive stars, we estimate aLIGO detection rates (at design limit) of ~19-550 yr^(-1) for BH+BH mergers below the PISN gap and of ~2.1-370 yr^(-1) above the PISN gap. Even with conservative assumptions, we find that aLIGO should soon detect BH+BH mergers from the MOB scenario and that these could be the dominant source for aLIGO detections.

Accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract in the uploaded version differs slightly due to the arXiv character limit

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• Forward Modelling the O3(a+b) GW transient mass distributions with BPASS by varying compact remnant mass and SNe kick prescriptions
• Search for Black Hole Merger Families
• Enhanced Rotational Mixing in the Radiative Zones of Massive Stars
• Accelerated binary black holes in globular clusters: forecasts and detectability in the era of space-based gravitational-wave detectors
• LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's Oldest Black Holes: Probing star formation at cosmic noon with GWTC-3
• Signs of Higher Multipoles and Orbital Precession in GW151226
• Magnetic Braking and Damping of Differential Rotation in Massive Stars
• Backward Population Synthesis: Mapping the Evolutionary History of Gravitational-Wave Progenitors
• Constraining the overcontact phase in massive binary evolution -- II. Period stability of known O+O overcontact systems
• Ultra wide black-hole - neutron star binaries as a possible source for gravitational waves and short gamma ray bursts
• Gravitational Waves from Accreting Neutron Stars undergoing Common-Envelope Inspiral
• Crossing the Eddington limit: examining disk spectra at high accretion rates
• Populations of evolved massive binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud I: Predictions from detailed evolution models
• On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters
• Targeted modeling of GW150914's binary black hole source with dart_board
• Mimicking Mergers: Mistaking Black Hole Captures as Mergers
• Binary black hole mergers from Population III star clusters
• Spins of primordial binary black holes before coalescence
• Formation and evolution of binary black holes in $N$-body simulations of star clusters with up to two million stars
• The first all-sky survey of star-forming galaxies with eROSITA: Scaling relations and a population of X-ray luminous starbursts
• Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
• The Origin of Binary Black Holes Mergers
• Can GW231123 have a stellar origin?
• Exploring field-evolution and dynamical-capture coalescing binary black holes in GWTC-3
• Mergers prompted by dynamics in compact, multiple-star systems: a stellar-reduction case for the massive triple TIC 470710327
• Uncovering a hidden black hole binary from secular eccentricity variations of a tertiary star
• An upper limit on the spins of merging binary black holes formed through binary evolution
• Symmetry breaking in merging binary black holes from young massive clusters and isolated binaries
• Whispering in the dark: Faint X-ray emission from black holes with OB star companions
• Merger rate density of stellar-mass binary black holes from young massive clusters, open clusters, and isolated binaries: comparisons with LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA results
• A low-metallicity massive contact binary undergoing slow Case A mass transfer: A detailed spectroscopic and orbital analysis of SSN 7 in NGC 346 in the SMC
• An Alternative Channel For High-Mass Binary Black Holes-----Dark Matter Accretion Onto Black Hole
• Structure and Skewness of the Effective Inspiral Spin Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Modeling contact binaries, III. Properties of a population of close, massive binaries
• New insights on binary black hole formation channels after GWTC-2: young star clusters versus isolated binaries
• Searching for candidates of coalescing binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in GWTC-3
• The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• Do both black holes spin in merging binaries? Evidence from GWTC-4 and astrophysical implications
• BAT99 126: A multiple Wolf-Rayet system in the Large Magellanic Cloud with a massive near-contact binary
• Inferring the Astrophysical Population of Gravitational Wave Sources in the Presence of Noise Transients
• Prompt stellar and binary black hole mergers in tight triples: Insights from chemically homogeneous evolution
• Development of convective envelopes in massive stars: Implications for gravitational wave sources
• A model of anisotropic winds from rotating stars for evolutionary calculations
• Outliers in the LIGO Black Hole Mass Function from Coagulation in Dense Clusters
• Surrogate forward models for population inference on compact binary mergers
• The effects of rotation, metallicity and magnetic field on the islands of failed supernovae
• A Mid-Thirties Crisis: Dissecting the Properties of Gravitational Wave Sources Near the 35 Solar Mass Peak
• BH-BH mergers with & without EM counterpart: A model for stable tertiary mass transfer in hierarchical triple systems
• Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes I: Tidally-Locked Secondary Supernovae
• Where binary neutron stars merge: predictions from IllustrisTNG
• The Contribution Of Outer HI Disks To The Merging Binary Black Hole Population
• Deeper, Wider, Sharper: Next-Generation Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Observations of Binary Black Holes
• Black hole mass function and its evolution -- the first prediction for the Einstein Telescope
• Supernovae from rotating stars
• Eccentricity matters: Impact of eccentricity on inferred binary black hole populations
• A comprehensive grid of massive binary evolution models for the Galaxy - Surface properties of post-mass transfer stars
• Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes II: Primary-Induced Accretion Transients
• The fate of rotating massive stars across cosmic times
• Formation of Wind-Fed Black Hole High-mass X-ray Binaries: The Role of Roche-lobe-Overflow Post Black-Hole Formation
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
• Gravitational Waves from Stellar Black Hole Binaries and the Impact on Nearby Sun-like Stars
• Shadows of the Colossus: Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in a 10-million-body Globular Cluster Simulation
• A new long gamma-ray burst formation pathway at solar metallicity
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Compact Star Companions
• Compact object populations over cosmic time II. Compact object merger rates and masses over redshift from varying initial conditions
• A Sea of Black Holes: Characterizing the LISA Signature for Stellar-Origin Black Hole Binaries
• Probing cosmic chemical enrichment with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories
• Imprints of massive black-hole binaries on neighbouring decihertz gravitational-wave sources
• The cosmological distribution of compact object mergers from dynamical interactions with SMBH binaries
• Rethinking mass transfer: a unified semianalytical framework for circular and eccentric binaries. II. Orbital evolution due to nonconservative mass transfer
• Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation. III. Source of ionization and C-IV emission in I Zw 18
• The luminous red nova AT 2018bwo in NGC 45 and its binary yellow supergiant progenitor
• Heavy element contributions of rotating massive stars to Interstellar Medium
• Misaligned Spin Merging Black Holes in Modified Gravity (MOG)
• Light Curves and Event Rates of Axion Instability Supernovae
• Searching for compact objects in the single-lined spectroscopic binaries of the young Galactic cluster NGC 6231
• Detailed Simulations of Massive Hierarchical Triple Star Systems - Exploring the impact of the stellar physics on the evolutionary pathways of massive hierarchical triple systems
• Extreme resonant eccentricity excitation of stars around merging black-hole binary
• Looking To The Horizon: Probing Evolution in the Black Hole Spectrum With Gravitational Wave Catalogs
• Impact of accretion-induced chemically homogeneous evolution on stellar and compact binary populations
• Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
• The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
• Forecasting Tidal Disruption Events by Binary Black Hole Roulettes
• Chemical evolution of close massive binaries -- tidally-enhanced or tidally-suppressed mixing?
• Probing Spin-Orbit Resonances with the Binary Black Hole Population
• Comparing the birth rate of stellar black holes in binary black hole mergers and long GRBs
• Analysis and simulations of binary black hole merger spins -- the question of spin-axis tossing at black hole formation
• Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses
• Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients as "Failed" Gravitational-wave Sources: Helium Core$-$Black Hole Mergers Following Delayed Dynamical Instability
• Light Axion Emission and the Formation of Merging Binary Black Holes
• Population Synthesis of Massive Close Binary Evolution
• The Supersonic Project: SIGOs, a Proposed Progenitor to Globular Clusters, and their Connections to Gravitational Wave Anisotropies
• Detailed evolutionary models of massive contact binaries: I. Model grids and synthetic populations for the Magellanic Clouds
• Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
• The Einstein Toolkit: A Student's Guide
• Rotations of the polarization of a gravitational wave propagating in Universe
• Supernovae in massive binaries and compact object mergers near supermassive black holes
• The explosive life of massive binaries
• Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass distribution
• Exploring the parameter space of hierarchical triple black hole systems
• A new sample of massive B-type contact binary candidates from the OGLE survey of the Magellanic Clouds
• A Low Metallicity Massive Contact Binary Star System Candidate in WLM identified by Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope imaging
• Search for Continuous Gravitational Wave Signals in Pulsar Timing Residuals: A New Scalable Approach with Diffusive Nested Sampling
• The influence of rotation and metallicity on the explodability of massive stars
• Inferences about the distribution, merger rate, and evolutionary processes of compact binaries from gravitational wave observations
• Expectation for the MeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• Dynamical double black holes and their host cluster properties
• Characterizing Binary Black Hole Subpopulations in GWTC-4 with Binned Gaussian Processes: On the Origins of the $35M_{\odot }$ Peak
• Uncertainty in predicting the stochastic gravitational wave background from compact binary coalescences
• Discovering Supernovae at Epoch of Reionization with Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Exciting Stellar Eccentricity in Gaia BH3 via a Hidden Black Hole Binary
• Signatures of spin precession and nutation in isolated black-hole binaries
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks