Compact Binary Coalescences: Astrophysical Processes and Lessons Learned

Abstract

On 11 February 2016, the LIGO and Virgo scientific collaborations announced the first direct detection of gravitational waves, a signal caught by the LIGO interferometers on 14 September 2015, and produced by the coalescence of two stellar-mass black holes. The discovery represented the beginning of an entirely new way to investigate the Universe. The latest gravitational-wave catalog by LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA brings the total number of gravitational-wave events to 90, and the count is expected to significantly increase in the next years, when additional ground-based and space-born interferometers will be operational. From the theoretical point of view, we have only fuzzy ideas about where the detected events came from, and the answers to most of the five Ws and How for the astrophysics of compact binary coalescences are still unknown. In this work, we review our current knowledge and uncertainties on the astrophysical processes behind merging compact-object binaries. Furthermore, we discuss the astrophysical lessons learned through the latest gravitational-wave detections, paying specific attention to the theoretical challenges coming from exceptional events (e.g., GW190521 and GW190814).

arXiv commentInvited review paper for Special Issue "Present and Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy'' - MDPI, Editor: Dr. Gabriele Vajente

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• Single-single gravitational-wave captures in globular clusters: Eccentric deci-Hertz sources observable by DECIGO and Tian-Qin
• GW190814: On the properties of the secondary component of the binary
• Interacting Binaries with Eccentric Orbits. III. Orbital Evolution due to Direct Impact and Self-Accretion
• An alternative interpretation of GW190412 as a binary black hole merger with a rapidly spinning secondary
• Numerical relativity simulations of prompt collapse mergers: threshold mass and phenomenological constraints on neutron star properties after GW170817
• A Galaxy-Targeted Search for the Optical Counterpart of the Candidate NS-BH Merger S190814bv with Magellan
• An ASKAP search for a radio counterpart to the first high-significance neutron star-black hole merger LIGO/Virgo S190814bv
• GW190412 as a Third-Generation Black Hole Merger from a Super Star Cluster
• Simulations of common envelope evolution in triple systems: Circumstellar case
• Black hole-neutron star mergers are unlikely multi-messenger sources
• A catalog of wide binary and multiple systems of bright stars from Gaia-DR2 and the Virtual Observatory
• Neutron Star Kicks II: Revision and further testing of the conservation of momentum "kick" model
• You Can't Always Get What You Want: The Impact of Prior Assumptions on Interpreting GW190412
• Stellar loci II. a model-free estimate of the binary fraction for field FGK stars
• Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
• High rate of gravitational waves mergers from flyby perturbations of wide black-hole triples in the field
• State of the field: Binary black hole natal kicks and prospects for isolated field formation after GWTC-2
• Common envelope evolution of eccentric binaries
• An analytic model for mass transfer in binaries with arbitrary eccentricity, with applications to triple-star systems
• Impacts of Rotation on Three-dimensional Hydrodynamics of Core-collapse Supernovae
• A Catalogue of Potential Post Common Envelope Binaries
• Dissecting the properties of neutron star - black hole mergers originating in dense star clusters
• Could the 2.6 $M_{\odot }$ object in GW190814 be a primordial black hole?
• Internal rotation of 13 low-mass low-luminosity red giants in the Kepler field
• Breaching the limit: formation of GW190521-like and IMBH mergers in young massive clusters
• Modeling maximum astrophysical gravitational recoil velocities
• The effect of binding energy and resolution in simulations of the common envelope binary interaction
• Implications of Rapid Core Rotation in Red Giants for Internal Angular Momentum Transport in Stars
• The impact of recombination energy on simulations of the common envelope binary interaction
• Chaotic dynamics of wide triples induced by galactic tides: a novel channel for producing compact binaries, mergers, and collisions
• LIGO--Virgo correlations between mass ratio and effective inspiral spin: testing the active galactic nuclei channel
• The Origin of inequality: isolated formation of a 30+10Msun binary black-hole merger
• Generation of massive stellar black holes by rapid gas accretion in primordial dense clusters
• Probing the nuclear equation of state from the existence of a $\sim 2.6M_{\odot }$ neutron star: the GW190814 puzzle
• The redshift dependence of black hole mass distribution: Is it reliable for standard sirens cosmology?
• A Deep CFHT Optical Search for a Counterpart to the Possible Neutron Star -- Black Hole Merger GW190814
• A trend in the effective spin distribution of LIGO binary black holes with mass
• Limits on the Electromagnetic Counterpart to S190814bv
• Formation and merging of Mass Gap Black Holes in Gravitational Wave Merger Events from Wide Hierarchical Quadruple Systems
• Astrophysical implications of GW190412 as a remnant of a previous black-hole merger
• Eccentricity Estimate for Black Hole Mergers with Numerical Relativity Simulations
• Black hole binary remnant mass and spin: A new phenomenological formula
• The Black Hole Formation Probability
• A search for optical and near-infrared counterparts of the compact binary merger GW190814
• Pathways for producing binary black holes with large misaligned spins in the isolated formation channel
• Constraints on the Physical Properties of GW190814 through Simulations based on DECam Follow-up Observations by the Dark Energy Survey
• The Detection Rates of Merging Binary Black Holes Originating from Star Clusters and Their Mass Function
• A Census of Blue Stragglers in Gaia DR2 Open Clusters as a Test of Population Synthesis and Mass Transfer Physics
• Dynamical evolution of Population III stellar systems and the resulting binary statistics
• Swift-XRT follow-up of gravitational wave triggers during the third aLIGO/Virgo observing run
• Gravitational Waves from Hierarchical Triple Systems with Kozai-Lidov Oscillation
• Dynamical Tides Reexpressed
• The moment of core collapse in star clusters with a mass function
• Was GW190412 born from a hierarchical 3+1 quadruple configuration?
• GW200115: a non-spinning black hole -- neutron star merger
• The impact of the new measurement of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ fusion cross section on the final compactness of the massive stars
• Merger rate of stellar black hole binaries above the pair instability mass gap
• Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers from Gravitational Wave Captures
• GW190425, GW190521 and GW190814: Three candidate mergers of primordial black holes from the QCD epoch
• The Keplerian three-body encounter II. Comparisons with isolated encounters and impact on gravitational wave merger timescales
• Spin misalignment of black hole binaries from young star clusters: implications for the origin of gravitational waves events
• The Astro-Primordial Black Hole Merger Rates: a Reappraisal
• Do open star clusters evolve toward energy equipartition?
• The multiplicity of massive stars: a 2016 view
• Looking for the parents of LIGO's black holes
• Double Gravitational Wave Mergers
• Filling the Black Hole Mass Gap: Avoiding Pair Instability in Massive Stars through Addition of Non-Nuclear Energy
• On the Link Between Energy Equipartition and Radial Variation in the Stellar Mass Function of Star Clusters
• Population Properties of Gravitational-Wave Neutron Star--Black Hole Mergers
• GW190521 formation via three-body encounters in young massive star clusters
• Demographics of neutron stars in young massive and open clusters
• First and second-generation black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 quadruples: population statistics
• A Channel to Form Fast-spinning Black Hole--Neutron Star Binary Mergers as Multi-messenger Sources
• GW190521 from the Merger of Ultra-Dwarf Galaxies
• Compact object binary mergers driven by cluster tides: a new channel for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events
• The fingerprint of binary intermediate mass black holes in globular clusters: supra-thermal stars and angular momentum alignment
• Growth of stellar mass black holes in dense molecular clouds and GW190521
• Flux-based statistical prediction of three-body outcomes
• Dynamical formation of the GW190814 merger
• A Performance Comparison of Different Graphics Processing Units Running Direct N-Body Simulations
• Symmetry energy effect on the secondary component of GW190814 as a neutron star
• On the Mass Ratio Distribution of Black Hole Mergers in Triple Systems
• Millisecond pulsars around intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters
• Impact of initial mass functions on the dynamical channel of gravitational wave sources
• How important is secular evolution for black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems?
• Dynamically formed black hole+millisecond pulsar binaries in globular clusters
• Nova Sco and coalescing low mass black hole binaries as LIGO sources
• Binary black hole mergers from young massive and open clusters: comparison to GWTC-2 gravitational wave data
• GW190521 formation scenarios via relativistic accretion
• MYRIAD: A new N-body code for simulations of Star Clusters
• Multi-Messenger Constraints on Magnetic Fields in Merging Black Hole-Neutron Star Binaries
• Influences of accreting primordial black holes on the global 21 cm signal in the dark ages
• Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-Wave Astronomy with GW190521-Like Binaries
• Black Holes merging with Low Mass Gap Objects inside Globular Clusters
• An Empirical Fit for Viscoelastic Simulations of Tertiary Tides
• GraviDy, a GPU modular, parallel direct-summation $N-$body integrator: Dynamics with softening
• Can Thorne-$\dot{\text{Z}}$ytkow Objects source GW190814-type events?
• Can low metallicity binaries avoid merging?
• Stellar evolution and modelling stars
• Gamma-Ray Bursts and Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Do three-body encounters in galactic nuclei affect compact binary merger rates?

Cited by in corpus (25)

• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Resolving The Peak Of The Black Hole Mass Spectrum
• Do unequal-mass binary black hole systems have larger ${\chi }_{\text{eff}}$? Probing correlations with copulas in gravitational-wave astronomy
• Quiescent and active galactic nuclei as factories of merging compact objects in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy
• Evidence for a correlation between binary black hole mass ratio and black-hole spins
• Evolutionary tracks, ejecta, and ionizing photons from intermediate-mass to very massive stars with PARSEC
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• Exploring binary black hole mergers and host galaxies with Shark and COMPAS
• Spin Doctors: How to diagnose a hierarchical merger origin
• Symmetry breaking in merging binary black holes from young massive clusters and isolated binaries
• Compactness peaks: An astrophysical interpretation of the mass distribution of merging binary black holes
• Dynamical disruption timescales and chaotic behavior of hierarchical triple systems
• What's in a binary black hole's mass parameter?
• Do both black holes spin in merging binaries? Evidence from GWTC-4 and astrophysical implications
• No evidence for a dip in the binary black hole mass spectrum
• Parameter Distributions of Binary Black Hole Mergers Near Supermassive Black Holes as Seen by Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors
• The initial mass-remnant mass relation for core collapse supernovae
• On the mass distribution of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA events
• Enhanced Mass Loss of Very Massive Stars: Impact on the Evolution, Binary Processes, and Remnant Mass Spectrum
• Profiling stellar environments of gravitational wave sources
• Interactions among binary black holes in star clusters: Eccentric gravitational wave captures and triple formation
• An analytical joint prior for effective spins for inference on the spin distribution of binary black holes
• Rapidly Rotating Neutron Star Collapse in Massive Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Inferring host environment properties and gravitational-wave decay time from the eccentricity measurement of dynamically captured binaries
• Gravitational wave astronomy: astrophysical and cosmological inferences