Monte-Carlo simulations of black hole mergers in AGN disks: Low ${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ mergers and predictions for LIGO

Abstract

Accretion disks around supermassive black holes are promising sites for stellar mass black hole mergers detectable with LIGO. Here we present the results of Monte-Carlo simulations of black hole mergers within 1-d AGN disk models. For the spin distribution in the disk bulk, key findings are: (1) The distribution of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is naturally centered around ${\tilde{\chi }}_{\mathrm{eff}}\approx 0.0$, (2) the width of the ${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ distribution is narrow for low natal spins. For the mass distribution in the disk bulk, key findings are: (3) mass ratios $\tilde{q}\sim 0.5-0.7$, (4) the maximum merger mass in the bulk is $\sim 100-200M_{\odot }$, (5) $\sim 1\%$ of bulk mergers involve BH $>50M_{\odot }$ with (6) $\simeq 80\%$ of bulk mergers are pairs of 1st generation BH. Additionally, mergers at a migration trap grow an IMBH with typical merger mass ratios $\tilde{q}\sim 0.1$. Ongoing LIGO non-detections of black holes $>10^2{M}_{\odot }$ puts strong limits on the presence of migration traps in AGN disks (and therefore AGN disk density and structure) as well as median AGN disk lifetime. The highest merger rate occurs for this channel if AGN disks are relatively short-lived ($\le 1$Myr) so multiple AGN episodes can happen per Galactic nucleus in a Hubble time.

arXiv comment14 pages, 15 Figs., MNRAS accepted

References in corpus (32)

• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
• Advanced LIGO
• Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Radiation Pressure Supported Starburst Disks and AGN Fueling
• On The Maximum Mass of Stellar Black Holes
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters: Masses, Merger Rates, and the Impact of Stellar Evolution
• Rapid and Bright Stellar-mass Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Assisted Inspirals of Stellar Mass Black Holes Embedded in AGN Disks: Solving the "Final AU Problem"
• The chemically homogeneous evolutionary channel for binary black hole mergers: rates and properties of gravitational-wave events detectable by advanced LIGO
• Merging black hole binaries in galactic nuclei: implications for advanced-LIGO detections
• The Rate of Binary Black Hole Mergers Inferred from Advanced LIGO Observations Surrounding GW150914
• Intermediate mass black holes in AGN disks: I. Production & Growth
• Are merging black holes born from stellar collapse or previous mergers?
• Alignment of the spins of supermassive black holes prior to coalescence
• On stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO
• Are LIGO's Black Holes Made From Smaller Black Holes?
• Migration Traps in Disks Around Supermassive Black Holes
• Spectral energy distributions of selfgravitating QSO discs
• A Cluster of Black Holes at the Galactic Center
• Orbital Migration of Interacting Stellar Mass Black Holes in Disks around Supermassive Black Holes
• Intermediate mass black holes in AGN disks II. Model predictions & observational constraints
• Reconstructing phenomenological distributions of compact binaries via gravitational wave observations
• On the rate of black hole binary mergers in galactic nuclei due to dynamical hardening
• The final mass and spin of black hole mergers
• Ram-pressure stripping of a kicked Hill sphere: Prompt electromagnetic emission from the merger of stellar mass black holes in an AGN accretion disk
• High-accuracy mass, spin, and recoil predictions of generic black-hole merger remnants
• Binaries migrating in a gaseous disk: Where are the Galactic center binaries?
• An Overabundance of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries in the Galactic Center from Tidal Captures
• Ripple effects & oscillations in the broad FeKa line as a probe of massive black hole mergers
• On highly eccentric stellar trajectories interacting with a self-gravitating disc in Sgr A*
• LIGO tells us LINERs are not optically thick RIAFs

Cited by in corpus (110)

• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• GW190412: Observation of a Binary-Black-Hole Coalescence with Asymmetric Masses
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational Wave Event S190521g
• Formation and Evolution of Compact Object Binaries in AGN Disks
• Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures
• New binary black hole mergers in the LIGO--Virgo O3a data
• Searching for a subpopulation of primordial black holes in LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave data
• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Mass-gap Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black hole, neutron star and white dwarf merger rates in AGN disks
• The Missing Link in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy: Discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
• Formation Rate of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals in Active Galactic Nuclei
• GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot }$
• Four eccentric mergers increase the evidence that LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's binary black holes form dynamically
• Joint constraints on the field-cluster mixing fraction, common envelope efficiency, and globular cluster radii from a population of binary hole mergers via deep learning
• Polluting the pair-instability mass gap for binary black holes through super-Eddington accretion in isolated binaries
• Aligning Nuclear Cluster Orbits with an Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disk
• Evolution of gas disc-embedded intermediate mass ratio inspirals in the LISA band
• The Low Effective Spin of Binary Black Holes and Implications for Individual Gravitational-Wave Events
• Black Hole Mergers from Hierarchical Triples in Dense Star Clusters
• A Surrogate Model for Gravitational Wave Signals from Comparable- to Large- Mass-Ratio Black Hole Binaries
• Cover Your Basis: Comprehensive Data-Driven Characterization of the Binary Black Hole Population
• Detectable environmental effects in GW190521-like black-hole binaries with LISA
• Orbital Migration of Interacting Stellar Mass Black Holes in Disks around Supermassive Black Holes II. Spins and Incoming Objects
• The Effect of Star--Disk Interactions on Highly Eccentric Stellar Orbits in Active Galactic Nuclei: A Disk Loss Cone and Implications for Stellar Tidal Disruption Events
• Star Formation in Accretion Disks and SMBH Growth
• Hydrodynamical Evolution of Black-Hole Binaries Embedded in AGN Discs
• Electromagnetic Signatures of Relativistic Explosions in AGN Disks
• The binary black hole spin distribution likely broadens with redshift
• Binary Black Hole Merger Rates in AGN Disks versus Nuclear Star Clusters: Loud beats Quiet
• Ain't No Mountain High Enough: Semi-Parametric Modeling of LIGO-Virgos Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution
• No evidence that the majority of black holes in binaries have zero spin
• GW190412 as a Third-Generation Black Hole Merger from a Super Star Cluster
• Black hole mergers of AGN origin in LIGO/Virgo's O1-O3a observing periods
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Observable signature of merging stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei
• Impact of subdominant modes on the interpretation of gravitational-wave signals from heavy binary black hole systems
• Deep learning and Bayesian inference of gravitational-wave populations: Hierarchical black-hole mergers
• In-situ extreme mass ratio inspirals via sub-parsec formation and migration of stars in thin, gravitationally unstable AGN discs
• Supercritical accretion of stellar-mass compact objects in active galactic nuclei
• LIGO--Virgo correlations between mass ratio and effective inspiral spin: testing the active galactic nuclei channel
• Quiescent and active galactic nuclei as factories of merging compact objects in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy
• Impact of gas hardening on the population properties of hierarchical black hole mergers in AGN disks
• The Effect of Thermal Torques on AGN Disc Migration Traps and Gravitational Wave Populations
• Compact Binary Coalescences: Astrophysical Processes and Lessons Learned
• Potential Subpopulations and Assembling Tendency of the Merging Black Holes
• Contracting and Expanding Binary Black Holes in 3D Low-Mass AGN Disks: The Importance of Separation
• New binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo O3b data
• Gas Assisted Binary Black Hole Formation in AGN Discs
• Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo's Black Hole Population
• Black-hole mergers in disklike environments could explain the observed $q$-${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ correlation
• Starfall: A heavy rain of stars in 'turning on' AGN
• DDOTI Observations of Gravitational-Wave Sources Discovered in O3
• Aligning Retrograde Nuclear Cluster Orbits with an Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disc
• The Role of Outflow Feedback on Accretion of Compact Objects in Accretion Disk of Active Galactic Nuclei
• First and second-generation black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 quadruples: population statistics
• Constraints on compact binary merger evolution from spin-orbit misalignment in gravitational-wave observations
• GW190521: tracing imprints of spin-precession on the most massive black hole binary
• The most luminous AGN do not produce the majority of the detected stellar-mass black hole binary mergers in the local Universe
• Micro Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Gravitational wave surrogate model for spinning, intermediate mass ratio binaries based on perturbation theory and numerical relativity
• Dropping Anchor: Understanding the Populations of Binary Black Holes with Random and Aligned Spin Orientations
• Mapping the Likelihood of GW190521 with Diverse Mass and Spin Priors
• Gravitational-wave captures by intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Time-dependent stellar-mass binary black hole mergers in AGN disks: Mass distribution of hierarchical mergers
• Frequency- and polarization-dependent lensing of gravitational waves in strong gravitational fields
• Disc Novae: Thermodynamics of Gas Assisted Binary Black Hole Formation in AGN Discs
• Endpoint of the up-down instability in precessing binary black holes
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• McFacts III: Compact binary mergers from AGN disks over an entire synthetic universe
• Interacting Kilonovae: Long-lasting Electromagnetic Counterparts to Binary Mergers in the Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Calibrating the binary black hole population in nuclear star clusters through tidal disruption events
• On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters
• Up-down instability of binary black holes in numerical relativity
• Detection of LIGO-Virgo binary black holes in the pair-instability mass gap
• Constraining binary mergers in AGN disks using the non-observation of lensed gravitational waves
• Propagation of GRB Relativistic Jets in AGN Disks and Its Implication for GRB Detection
• Unveiling the Galileon in a three-body system : scalar and gravitational wave production
• White Dwarf--White Dwarf collisions in AGN discs via close encounters
• Comparing hierarchical black hole mergers in star clusters and active galactic nuclei
• Structure and Skewness of the Effective Inspiral Spin Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Hydrodynamic simulations of black hole evolution in AGN discs I: orbital alignment of highly inclined satellites
• Mapping the asymptotic inspiral of precessing binary black holes to their merger remnants
• McFACTS II: Mass Ratio--Effective Spin Relationship of Black Hole Mergers in the AGN Channel
• Inferring Interference: Identifying a Perturbing Tertiary with Eccentric Gravitational Wave Burst Timing
• The steep redshift evolution of the hierarchical binary black hole merger rate may cause the $z$-${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ correlation
• Evidence of a fraction of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA events coming from active galactic nuclei
• Multimessenger hierarchical triple merger gravitational-wave event pair GW190514-GW190521 inside AGN J124942.3 + 344929
• Who Ordered That? Unequal-Mass Binary Black Hole Mergers Have Larger Effective Spins
• Observational Properties of Thermal Emission from Relativistic Jets Embedded in AGN Disks
• Distinguishing the Origin of Eccentric Black Hole Mergers with Gravitational-wave Spin Measurements
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• The origin channels of hierarchical binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O1, O2, and O3 runs
• In the grip of the disk: dragging the companion through an AGN
• Black Hole Merger Rates in AGN: contribution from gas-captured binaries
• A Systematic Search for Active Galactic Nucleus Flares in ZTF Data Release 23
• Secular Spin-orbit Resonances of Black Hole Binaries in AGN Disks
• The Use of Binary Black Holes Merging in AGN Disks for Hubble Constant Measurements
• Parameter estimation of binary black holes in the endpoint of the up-down instability
• Accretion rates of stellar-mass compact objects embedded in AGN discs
• Modified Hermite Integrators of Arbitrary Order
• The Nature of Gravitational Wave Events with Host Environment Escape Velocities
• Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
• The role of migration traps in the formation of binary black holes in AGN disks
• Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass distribution
• Observing GW190521-like binary black holes and their environment with LISA
• Detectability of a spatial correlation between stellar-mass black hole mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe
• Characterizing Binary Black Hole Subpopulations in GWTC-4 with Binned Gaussian Processes: On the Origins of the $35M_{\odot }$ Peak
• Measuring spin precession from massive black hole binaries with gravitational waves: insights from time-domain signal morphology