Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-Wave Astronomy with GW190521-Like Binaries

Abstract

The gravitational-wave (GW) detection of GW190521 has provided new insights on the mass distribution of black holes and new constraints for astrophysical formation channels. With independent claims of GW190521 having significant pre-merger eccentricity, we investigate what this implies for GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will also be sensitive to GW190521-like binaries if they are circular from an isolated formation channel. We show, however, that GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically may skip the LISA band entirely. To this end, we simulate GW190521 analogues that dynamically form via post-Newtonian binary-single scattering. From these scattering experiments, we find that GW190521-like binaries may enter the LIGO-Virgo band with significant eccentricity as suggested by recent studies, though well below an eccentricity of $e_{10Hz}\lesssim 0.7$. Eccentric GW190521-like binaries further motivate the astrophysical science case for a decihertz GW observatory, such as the kilometer-scale version of the Midband Atomic Gravitational-wave Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS). Pre-merger observations of GW190521-like binaries with such a decihertz GW detector would be able to constrain the eccentricity of GW190521-like binaries to greater precision than with just LIGO-Virgo alone. These eccentricity constraints would also provide additional insights into the possible environments that GW190521-like binaries form in.

arXiv comment8 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted to ApJL

References in corpus (65)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Use and Abuse of the Fisher Information Matrix in the Assessment of Gravitational-Wave Parameter-Estimation Prospects
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters: Masses, Merger Rates, and the Impact of Stellar Evolution
• A catalogue of masses, structural parameters and velocity dispersion profiles of 112 Milky Way globular clusters
• The promise of multi-band gravitational wave astronomy
• Secular evolution of compact binaries near massive black holes: gravitational wave sources and other exotica
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters: Implications for Advanced LIGO
• On the Eccentricity Distribution of Coalescing Black Hole Binaries Driven by the Kozai Mechanism in Globular Clusters
• AION: An Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network
• The Formation of Eccentric Compact Binary Inspirals and the Role of Gravitational Wave Emission in Binary-Single Stellar Encounters
• Black Holes: The Next Generation -- Repeated Mergers in Dense Star Clusters and their Gravitational-Wave Properties
• GW190521: orbital eccentricity and signatures of dynamical formation in a binary black hole merger signal
• Lidov-Kozai Cycles with Gravitational Radiation: Merging Black Holes in Isolated Triple Systems
• Exploring gravity with the MIGA large scale atom interferometer
• Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei Induced by the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect
• Post-Newtonian Dynamics in Dense Star Clusters: Formation, Masses, and Merger Rates of Highly-Eccentric Black Hole Binaries
• Post-Newtonian Dynamics in Dense Star Clusters: Highly-Eccentric, Highly-Spinning, and Repeated Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Dense Star Clusters: The Role of Binary-Binary Encounters
• Masses of star clusters in the nuclei of bulge-less spiral galaxies
• Black hole triple dynamics: breakdown of the orbit average approximation and implications for gravitational wave detections
• Orbital Migration of Interacting Stellar Mass Black Holes in Disks around Supermassive Black Holes
• Monte-Carlo Simulations of Globular Cluster Evolution - I. Method and Test Calculations
• ZAIGA: Zhaoshan Long-baseline Atom Interferometer Gravitation Antenna
• Rapid Eccentricity Oscillations and the Mergers of Compact Objects in Hierarchical Triples
• Formation of GW190521 from stellar evolution: the impact of the hydrogen-rich envelope, dredge-up and ${}^{12}$C($\alpha$, $\gamma$)${}^{16}$O rate on the pair-instability black hole mass gap
• Eccentric Black Hole Gravitational-Wave Capture Sources in Galactic Nuclei: Distribution of Binary Parameters
• Monte Carlo Simulations of Globular Cluster Evolution. IV. Direct Integration of Strong Interactions
• Binary inspiral, gravitational radiation, and cosmology
• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Three-Body Dynamics with Gravitational Wave Emission
• Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Role of the Kozai-Lidov Mechanism in Black Hole Binary Mergers in Galactic Centers
• On the Assembly Rate of Highly Eccentric Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Hierarchical Black-Hole Mergers in Multiple Systems: Constrain the Formation of GW190412, GW190814 and GW190521-like events
• Detection of IMBHs with ground-based gravitational wave observatories: A biography of a binary of black holes, from birth to death
• On the Origin of GW190521-like events from repeated black hole mergers in star clusters
• The most ordinary formation of the most unusual double black hole merger
• Black Hole Mergers From Globular Clusters Observable by LISA II: Resolved Eccentric Sources and the Gravitational Wave Background
• A Parallel Monte Carlo Code for Simulating Collisional N-body Systems
• Astrophysics and cosmology with a decihertz gravitational-wave detector: TianGO
• Orbital Migration of Interacting Stellar Mass Black Holes in Disks around Supermassive Black Holes II. Spins and Incoming Objects
• Population III Binary Black Holes: Effects of Convective Overshooting on Formation of GW190521
• Detection of eccentric supermassive black hole binaries with pulsar timing arrays: Signal-to-noise ratio calculations
• Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto Population III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos
• High Eccentricities and High Masses Characterize Gravitational-wave Captures in Galactic Nuclei as Seen by Earth-based Detectors
• Black Hole Disks in Galactic Nuclei
• The Stellar Merger Scenario for Black Holes in the Pair-instability Gap
• Relativistic mergers of black hole binaries have large, similar masses, low spins and are circular
• Revealing the formation of stellar-mass black hole binaries: The need for deci-Hertz gravitational wave observatories
• The astrophysical science case for a decihertz gravitational-wave detector
• Gravitational-wave detection and parameter estimation for accreting black-hole binaries and their electromagnetic counterpart
• High rate of gravitational waves mergers from flyby perturbations of wide black-hole triples in the field
• Generation of massive stellar black holes by rapid gas accretion in primordial dense clusters
• Eccentricity Estimate for Black Hole Mergers with Numerical Relativity Simulations
• Improved gravitational radiation time-scales: significance for LISA and LIGO-Virgo sources
• Localizing Gravitational Wave Sources with Single-Baseline Atom Interferometers
• Gravitational wave energy spectrum of a parabolic encounter
• Growth of stellar mass black holes in dense molecular clouds and GW190521
• Probes of Gravitational Waves with Atom Interferometers
• Gravitational Radiation from Close Binaries with Time-Varying Masses

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Implications of Eccentric Observations on Binary Black Hole Formation Channels
• Modeling Dense Star Clusters in the Milky Way and Beyond with the Cluster Monte Carlo Code
• Compact Binary Coalescences: Astrophysical Processes and Lessons Learned
• A surrogate model for gravitational waveforms of spin-aligned binary black holes with eccentricities
• GW190521 formation via three-body encounters in young massive star clusters
• Measurability of precession and eccentricity for heavy binary-black-hole mergers
• Scope out multiband gravitational-wave observations of GW190521-like binary black holes with space gravitational wave antenna B-DECIGO
• The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers
• Capability for detection of GW190521-like binary black holes with TianQin