Measurability of precession and eccentricity for heavy binary-black-hole mergers

Abstract

Gravitational wave detections offer insights into the astrophysical populations of black holes in the universe and their formation processes. Detections of binaries consisting of black holes lying outside the bulk distribution of the astrophysical population are particularly intriguing. In this study, we perform an injection analysis within the intermediate-mass black hole range, utilizing the NR surrogate model NRSur7dq4 and a selection of NR waveforms from the SXS and RIT catalogues. Our investigation focuses on the detectability of precession and its potential degeneracy with eccentricity, especially for short signals with only a few cycles in band. While total mass, mass ratio, and ${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ are generally well recovered, the recovery of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ is largely limited, and noise significantly impacts the recovery of some parameters for short signals. We also find that eccentricity lower than 0.2 is insufficient to mimic precession in parameter estimation when assuming a quasi-circular signal. Our results suggest that a certain degree of precession is necessary to produce evidence of high precession in parameter estimation, but it remains challenging to conclusively determine which effect is responsible for the high precession observed in events like GW190521. We emphasize the importance of caution when interpreting properties of a binary from short signals and highlight the potential benefits of future third generation detectors and eccentric waveform models for more exhaustive exploration of parameter space.

16 pages, 13 figures

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• GW190521: tracing imprints of spin-precession on the most massive black hole binary
• GW200208_222617 as an eccentric black-hole binary merger: properties and astrophysical implications
• Consistent eccentricities for gravitational wave astronomy: Resolving discrepancies between astrophysical simulations and waveform models
• Eccentricity matters: Impact of eccentricity on inferred binary black hole populations
• Biased parameter inference of eccentric, spin-precessing binary black holes
• Hierarchical triple mergers: testing Hawking's area theorem with the inspiral signals
• The impact of waveform systematics and Gaussian noise on the interpretation of GW231123
• Probing intermediate-mass black hole binaries with the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna
• Probing eccentric higher-order modes through an effective chirp mass model
• Mapping Parameter Correlations in Spinning Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Measuring spin precession from massive black hole binaries with gravitational waves: insights from time-domain signal morphology
• Can Eccentric Binary Black Hole Signals Mimic Gravitational-Wave Microlensing?