The SXS Collaboration catalog of binary black hole simulations

Abstract

Accurate models of gravitational waves from merging black holes are necessary for detectors to observe as many events as possible while extracting the maximum science. Near the time of merger, the gravitational waves from merging black holes can be computed only using numerical relativity. In this paper, we present a major update of the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) Collaboration catalog of numerical simulations for merging black holes. The catalog contains 2018 distinct configurations (a factor of 11 increase compared to the 2013 SXS catalog), including 1426 spin-precessing configurations, with mass ratios between 1 and 10, and spin magnitudes up to 0.998. The median length of a waveform in the catalog is 39 cycles of the dominant $\ell =m=2$ gravitational-wave mode, with the shortest waveform containing 7.0 cycles and the longest 351.3 cycles. We discuss improvements such as correcting for moving centers of mass and extended coverage of the parameter space. We also present a thorough analysis of numerical errors, finding typical truncation errors corresponding to a waveform mismatch of $\sim 10^{-4}$. The simulations provide remnant masses and spins with uncertainties of 0.03% and 0.1% ($90^{\text{th}}$ percentile), about an order of magnitude better than analytical models for remnant properties. The full catalog is publicly available at https://www.black-holes.org/waveforms .

arXiv comment33+18 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, 2,018 binaries. Catalog metadata in ancillary JSON file. v2: Matches version accepted by CQG. Catalog available at https://www.black-holes.org/waveforms

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• A fully precessing higher-mode surrogate model of effective-one-body waveforms
• Optimizing post-Newtonian parameters and fixing the BMS frame for numerical-relativity waveform hybridizations
• Simulating binary black hole mergers using discontinuous Galerkin methods
• Real modes and null memory contributions in effective-one-body models
• Source localizations with the network of space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Peaking into the abyss: Characterizing the merger of equatorial-eccentric-geodesic plunges in rotating black holes
• Detectability of strongly lensed gravitational waves using model-independent image parameters
• Second MAYA Catalog of Binary Black Hole Numerical Relativity Waveforms
• GPU-accelerated LISA parameter estimation with full time domain response
• Interplay between numerical relativity and perturbation theory : finite size effects
• Definitions of (super) angular momentum in asymptotically flat spacetimes: Properties and applications to compact-binary mergers
• Worldtube excision method for intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: scalar-field model in 3+1 dimensions
• Gravitational spin-orbit dynamics at the fifth-and-a-half post-Newtonian order
• Efficient simulations of high-spin black holes with a new gauge
• Reanalyzing the ringdown signal of GW150914 using the F-statistic method
• Waveforms from Amplitudes
• Gravitational wave ringdown analysis using the $\mathcal{F}$-statistic
• Symplectic mechanics of relativistic spinning compact bodies II.: Canonical formalism in the Schwarzschild spacetime
• Higher Memory Effects in Numerical Simulations of Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Robustness of extracting quasinormal mode information from black hole merger simulations
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Extending superposed harmonic initial data to higher spin
• Worldtube excision method for intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: scalar-field toy model
• Highly accurate simulations of asymmetric black-hole scattering and cross validation of effective-one-body models
• Confronting general relativity with principal component analysis: Simulations and results from GWTC-3 events
• Binary Black Hole Waveforms from High-Resolution GR-Athena++ Simulations
• Post-Newtonian theory-inspired framework for characterizing eccentricity in gravitational waveforms
• Accelerating Tests of General Relativity with Gravitational-Wave Signals using Hybrid Sampling
• Phenomenological gravitational waveform model of binary black holes incorporating horizon fluxes
• Effective chirp mass captures the inspiral frequency evolution of the non-spinning eccentric compact binary
• Echoes from beyond: Detecting gravitational-wave quantum imprints with LISA
• Optimizing the Placement of Numerical Relativity Simulations using a Mismatch Predicting Neural Network
• Revisiting the relationship of black-hole kicks and multipole asymmetries
• Length dependence of waveform mismatch: a caveat on waveform accuracy
• Testing gravitational waveform models using angular momentum
• The Bondi problem revisited: a spectral domain decomposition code
• Post-adiabatic self-force waveforms: slowly spinning primary and precessing secondary
• Inferring Binary Properties from Gravitational Wave Signals
• Interplay between numerical-relativity and black hole perturbation theory in the intermediate-mass-ratio regime
• Characterizing the effect of eccentricity on the dynamics of binary black hole mergers in numerical relativity
• Numerical Relativity Multimodal Waveforms using Absorbing Boundary Conditions
• Gravitational-wave memory effects in the Damour-Esposito-Farèse extension of Brans-Dicke theory
• Optimizing Neural Network Surrogate Models: Application to Black Hole Merger Remnants
• On the approximate relation between black-hole perturbation theory and numerical relativity
• A Deep Learning Powered Numerical Relativity Surrogate for Binary Black Hole Waveforms
• Extreme Mass-Ratio Binary Black Hole Merger: Characteristics of the Test-Particle Limit
• Systematic bias in LISA ringdown analysis due to waveform inaccuracy
• Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Success of the small mass ratio approximation during the final orbits of binary black hole simulations
• Multidomain Galerkin-Collocation method: characteristic spherical collapse of scalar fields
• GW230814: investigation of a loud gravitational-wave signal observed with a single detector
• A Galerkin-Collocation domain decomposition method: application to the evolution of cylindrical gravitational waves
• Building a bridge between comparable and extreme mass ratio black hole binaries: a single spin precessing model for the final state
• Impact of Bayesian Priors on the Inferred Masses of Quasi-Circular Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries
• Waging a Campaign: Results from an Injection-Recovery Study involving 35 numerical Relativity Simulations and three Waveform Models
• Search for gravitational waves from eccentric binary black holes with an effective-one-body template
• Gravitational waves from quasielliptic compact binaries in scalar-tensor theory to one-and-a-half post-Newtonian order
• Black-Hole Perturbation Plus Post-Newtonian Theory: Hybrid Waveform for Neutron Star Binaries
• Numerical-relativity surrogate modeling with nearly extremal black-hole spins
• A complete waveform comparison of post-Newtonian and numerical relativity in eccentric orbits
• Multidomain Galerkin-Collocation method: spherical collapse of scalar fields II
• Advancing the Effective-One-Body Framework in the Test-Mass Limit
• Null Stream Based Third-generation-ready Glitch Mitigation for Gravitational Wave Measurements
• Black-hole scattering with numerical relativity: Self-force extraction and post-Minkowskian validation
• Merging Black Holes: Assessing the Performance of Two Analytic Gravitational Waves Models
• Black-Hole Cartography
• Signatures of Quantum Gravity in Gravitational Wave Memory
• Mapping Parameter Correlations in Spinning Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Analyzing black-hole ringdowns with orthonormal modes
• Gravitational-wave signatures of mirror (a)symmetry in binary black hole mergers: measurability and correlation to gravitational-wave recoil
• Black hole spectroscopy of collapsing and merging neutron stars
• Eccentric Catastrophes & What To Do With Them
• Numerical Relativity Estimates of the Remnant Recoil Velocity in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Repeated Bursts: Gravitational Waves from Highly Eccentric Binaries
• Quasi-Normal Mode Ringing of Binary Black Hole Mergers in Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• An eccentric binary blackhole in post-Newtonian theory
• Discontinuous Galerkin scheme for elliptic equations on extremely stretched grids
• Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals in Milky Way Galaxies
• Waveform models for the gravitational-wave memory effect: Extreme mass-ratio limit and final memory offset
• Relieving scale disparity in binary black hole simulations
• Gravitational waveform model based on photon motion for spinning black holes
• Asymptotically matched quasi-circular inspiral and transition-to-plunge in the small mass ratio expansion
• Comparison of 4.5PN and 2SF gravitational energy fluxes from quasicircular compact binaries
• Two-body problem in curved spacetime: exploring gravitational wave transient cases
• Calibrating approximate Bayesian credible intervals of gravitational-wave parameters
• Do black holes remember what they are made of?
• Approximate helical symmetry in compact binaries
• Testing general relativity with amplitudes of subdominant gravitational-wave modes
• A practical Bayesian method for gravitational-wave ringdown analysis with multiple modes
• Quasinormal modes from numerical relativity with Bayesian inference
• Accurate models for recoil velocity distribution in black hole mergers with comparable to extreme mass-ratios and their astrophysical implications
• DataVault: A Data Storage Infrastructure for the Einstein Toolkit
• Decline of the current quadrupole moment during the merger phase of binary black hole coalescence
• Probing chromatic onsets of gravitational wave overtones
• First Overtone Mode in the Ringdown Signal of GW231028
• Parameter control for binary black hole initial data
• Gauge Boundary conditions to mitigate center-of-mass drift in BBH simulations
• Neutron star evolution by combining discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods
• A comprehensive look into the accuracy of SpEC binary black hole waveforms
• Modeling the frequency-domain ringdown amplitude of comparable-mass mergers with greybody factors
• Binary black holes in the heat of merger
• A gating-and-inpainting perspective on GW150914 ringdown overtone: understanding the data analysis systematics
• Modeling the BMS transformation induced by a binary black hole merger
• Evidence of large recoil velocity from a black hole merger signal
• Modeling Relative Peak Times of Gravitational Wave Harmonics
• General Fourier expansion of post-Newtonian binary dynamics based on a quasi-Keplerian framework
• Extremely High-Order Convergence in Simulations of Relativistic Stars
• Probing missing physics from inspiralling compact binaries via time-frequency tracks
• Rising Tides: Analytic Modeling of Tidal Effects in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Comparing numerical relativity and perturbation theory waveforms for a non-spinning equal-mass binary
• Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: universal characteristics of strongly lensed memory waveforms
• Ringdown mode amplitudes of charged binary black holes
• Impact of Detector Calibration Accuracy on Black Hole Spectroscopy
• Consistency of spin effects between numerical relativity and perturbation theory for inspiraling comparable-mass black hole binaries
• Waveforms and fluxes: Towards a self-consistent effective one body waveform model for nonprecessing, coalescing black-hole binaries for third generation detectors
• Hybrid waveforms for precessing quasi-circular binary systems
• Redshift factor and the small mass-ratio limit in binary black hole simulations
• AthenaK simulations of the binary black hole merger GW150914
• Energetics and scattering of gravitational two-body systems at fourth post-Minkowskian order
• Deep Residual Error and Bag-of-Tricks Learning for Gravitational Wave Surrogate Modeling
• Persistence of post-Newtonian amplitude structure in binary black hole mergers
• Sequence modeling of higher-order wave modes of binary black hole mergers
• New numerical framework for the generalized Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura formulation: The vacuum case for spherical symmetry
• Black-hole ringdown with templates capturing spin precession: A reanalysis of GW190521
• Fixing the center-of-mass frame of numerical relativity waveforms using the post-Newtonian center-of-mass charge
• On the ease of excitation of black hole ringing: Quantifying the importance of overtones by the excitation factors
• The Fourth RIT binary black hole simulations catalog: Extension to Eccentric Orbits
• A tapestry of gravitational waveforms to study black hole mergers
• The influence of the mean anomaly on the dynamical quantities of binary black hole mergers in eccentric orbits