The Einstein Toolkit: A Community Computational Infrastructure for Relativistic Astrophysics
arXiv:1111.3344 · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/29/11/115001
Abstract
We describe the Einstein Toolkit, a community-driven, freely accessible computational infrastructure intended for use in numerical relativity, relativistic astrophysics, and other applications. The Toolkit, developed by a collaboration involving researchers from multiple institutions around the world, combines a core set of components needed to simulate astrophysical objects such as black holes, compact objects, and collapsing stars, as well as a full suite of analysis tools. The Einstein Toolkit is currently based on the Cactus Framework for high-performance computing and the Carpet adaptive mesh refinement driver. It implements spacetime evolution via the BSSN evolution system and general-relativistic hydrodynamics in a finite-volume discretization. The toolkit is under continuous development and contains many new code components that have been publicly released for the first time and are described in this article. We discuss the motivation behind the release of the toolkit, the philosophy underlying its development, and the goals of the project. A summary of the implemented numerical techniques is included, as are results of numerical test covering a variety of sample astrophysical problems.
62 pages, 20 figures
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- Second MAYA Catalog of Binary Black Hole Numerical Relativity Waveforms
- Prospects for the inference of inertial modes from hypermassive neutron stars with future gravitational-wave detectors
- Implementing a new recovery scheme for primitive variables in the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code Spritz
- Covariant BSSN formulation in bimetric relativity
- Boson star superradiance with spinning effects and in time domain
- Isolating non-linearities of light propagation in inhomogeneous cosmologies
- General Relativistic Simulations of High-Mass Binary Neutron Star Mergers: rapid formation of low-mass stellar black holes
- Numerical Relativity Investigation of the Effects of Gravitational Waves on the Inhomogeneity of the Universe
- Identifying thermal effects in neutron star merger remnants with model-agnostic waveform reconstructions and third-generation detectors
- Force-free wave interaction in magnetar magnetospheres: Computational modeling in axisymmetry
- Exploring pathways to forming twin stars
- Spin induction from scattering of two spinning black holes in dense clusters
- Binary Black Hole Waveforms from High-Resolution GR-Athena++ Simulations
- The gravitational wave strain in the characteristic formalism of numerical relativity
- Open-source library for performance-portable neutrino reaction rates: Application to neutron star mergers
- Cocoon shock breakout emission from binary neutron star mergers
- Initial Data and Eccentricity Reduction Toolkit for Binary Black Hole Numerical Relativity Waveforms
- Topology change and emergent scale symmetry in compact star matter via gravitational wave detection
- The Lagrangian Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN_v1.0
- Precessing binary black holes as engines of electromagnetic helicity
- BiGONLight: light propagation with bi-local operators in Numerical Relativity
- Electrodynamics and dissipation in the binary magnetosphere of pre-merger neutron stars
- Optimizing the Placement of Numerical Relativity Simulations using a Mismatch Predicting Neural Network
- Accretion of Supersonic Winds on Boson Stars
- Characterizing the effect of eccentricity on the dynamics of binary black hole mergers in numerical relativity
- Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
- Testing inhomogeneous cosmography in our cosmic neighborhood using CosmicFlows-4
- Well-balanced high order finite difference WENO schemes for a first-order Z4 formulation of the Einstein field equations
- Lattice Boltzmann Model for Numerical Relativity
- Structure formation and quasi-spherical collapse from initial curvature perturbations with numerical relativity simulations
- Redshift drift in a universe with structure III: Numerical relativity
- Computational General Relativistic Force-Free Electrodynamics: I. Multi-Coordinate Implementation and Testing
- Black Hole - Neutron Star Binary Mergers: The Imprint of Tidal Deformations and Debris
- Approaching the black hole by numerical simulations
- Testing merging of Dark Exotic Stars from Gravitational Waves in the Multi-messenger approach
- Long-Term Postmerger Simulations of Binary Neutron Star Coalescence: Formation of Toroidal Remnants and Gravitational Wave Afterglow
- Superfluid dark stars
- A complete waveform comparison of post-Newtonian and numerical relativity in eccentric orbits
- Unveiling the electrodynamic nature of spacetime collisions
- Eccentric mergers of binary Proca stars
- Time parallel gravitational collapse simulation
- Stability and collisions of excited spherical boson stars: glimpses of chains and rings
- Impact of Neutrino Flavor Conversions on Neutron Star Merger Dynamics, Ejecta, Nucleosynthesis, and Multi-Messenger Signals
- Can quasi-circular mergers of charged black holes produce extremal black holes?
- Geometric horizons in binary black hole mergers
- New Aspects and Boundary Conditions of Core-Collapse Supernova Theory
- Properties of Quasi-local mass in binary black hole mergers
- High-order discontinuous Galerkin schemes with subcell finite volume limiter and adaptive mesh refinement for a monolithic first-order BSSNOK formulation of the Einstein-Euler equations
- Comparing an analytical spacetime metric for a merging binary to a fully nonlinear numerical evolution using curvature scalars
- Inspiraling black-hole binary spacetimes: Challenges in transitioning from analytical to numerical techniques
- Splitting the Gravitational Atom: Instabilities of Black Holes with Synchronized or Resonant Hair
- Numerical Relativity Estimates of the Remnant Recoil Velocity in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
- Digital Infrastructure in Astrophysics
- Long-term impact of the magnetic-field strength on the evolution and electromagnetic emission by neutron-star merger remnants
- Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes
- Accretion of supersonic magnetized winds onto black holes
- A3FR: Agile 3D Gaussian Splatting with Incremental Gaze Tracked Foveated Rendering in Virtual Reality
- ExaGRyPE: Numerical General Relativity Solvers Based upon the Hyperbolic PDEs Solver Engine ExaHyPE
- Self-consistent treatment of thermal effects in neutron-star post-mergers: observational implications for third-generation gravitational-wave detectors
- Safety first: Stability and dissipation of line-tied force-free flux tubes in magnetized coronae
- The Einstein Toolkit: A Student's Guide
- Evolutions of Gowdy, Brill and Teukolsky initial data on a smooth lattice
- Proto-magnetar jets as central engines for broad-lined type Ic supernovae
- Gravitational wave signatures of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in isolated neutron stars and binaries
- Effect of spin in binary neutron star mergers
- Effects of dynamical capture on two equal-mass nonspinning black holes
- Signatures of primordial gravitational waves in matter power spectrum
- A polytopal discrete de Rham scheme for the exterior calculus Einstein's equations
- BHaHAHA: A Fast, Robust Apparent Horizon Finder Library for Numerical Relativity
- The Gravitational Wave Memory from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
- Hadronic Processes, Plasma Evolution and Neutrino Emission in Magnetic Towers of Neutron-Star Merger Remnants
- Numerical evolution of Maxwell's equations for wavefronts propagating through a spherical gravitational potential
- Revisiting the apparent horizon finding problem with multigrid methods
- Software Abstractions and Methodologies for HPC Simulation Codes on Future Architectures
- Performance and Optimization Abstractions for Large Scale Heterogeneous Systems in the Cactus/Chemora Framework
- Impact of ultralight bosonic dark matter on the dynamical bar-mode instability of rotating neutron stars
- Chemora: A PDE Solving Framework for Modern HPC Architectures
- General-Relativistic Gauge-Invariant Magnetic Helicity Transport: Basic Formulation and Application to Neutron Star Mergers
- Neutron star evolution by combining discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods
- Conditional Autoencoder for Generating Binary Neutron Star Waveforms with Tidal and Precession Effects
- Graph-based Summary Statistics for Revealing the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background in Pulsar Timing Arrays
- Persistence of post-Newtonian amplitude structure in binary black hole mergers
- MIR: a general-relativistic resistive-magneto-hydrodynamic code to study the effect of resistivity in Neutron Star dynamics
- PatchworkWave: A Multipatch Infrastructure for Multiphysics/Multiscale/Multiframe/Multimethod Simulations at Arbitrary Order
- Misaligned Spinning Binary Black Hole Mergers in Hot Magnetized Plasma
- Propagation of a realistic magnetar jet through binary neutron star merger medium and implications for short gamma-ray bursts
- Piercing of a boson star by a black hole
- A Black Hole is Born: 3D GRMHD Simulation of Black Hole Formation from Core-Collapse
- Signatures of deconfined quark phases in binary neutron star mergers
- The Fourth RIT binary black hole simulations catalog: Extension to Eccentric Orbits
- superB/NRPy: Scalable, Task-Based Numerical Relativity for 3G Gravitational Wave Science
- AthenaK simulations of the binary black hole merger GW150914
- A New Moment-Based General-Relativistic Neutrino-Radiation Transport Code: Methods and First Applications to Neutron Star Mergers
- A Gravitational Wave Background from Primordial Black Hole Lattices in Matter Dominated Era
- Convective stability analysis of massive neutron stars formed in binary mergers
- Curvature Invariants and the Geometric Horizon Conjecture in a Binary Black Hole Merger
- The influence of the mean anomaly on the dynamical quantities of binary black hole mergers in eccentric orbits
- Black hole accretion in gamma ray bursts
- Holography in Quark-Gluon Plasma and Neutron Stars
- Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Massive Black Hole Formation
- Isotropic Coordinates for Generalized Schwarzschild-like Solutions
- The frame-dragging vector potential on galaxy scales from Dark-Matter-only Newtonian -body simulations