Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Winds from Rotating Proto-Neutron Stars

Abstract

We explore the effects of rapid rotation on the properties of neutrino-heated winds from proto-neutron stars (PNS) formed in core-collapse supernovae or neutron-star mergers by means of three-dimensional general-relativistic hydrodynamical simulations with M0 neutrino transport. We focus on conditions characteristic of a few seconds into the PNS cooling evolution when the neutrino luminosities obey $L_{{\nu }_e}+L_{{\bar{\nu }}_e}\approx 7\times 10^{51}$ erg s${}^{-1}$, and over which most of the wind mass-loss will occur. After an initial transient phase, all of our models reach approximately steady-state outflow solutions with positive energies and sonic surfaces captured on the computational grid. Our non-rotating and slower-rotating models (angular velocity relative to Keplerian $\Omega /{\Omega }_{\mathrm{K}}\lesssim 0.4$; spin period $P\gtrsim 2$ ms) generate approximately spherically symmetric outflows with properties in good agreement with previous PNS wind studies. By contrast, our most rapidly spinning PNS solutions ($\Omega /{\Omega }_{\mathrm{K}}\gtrsim 0.75$; $P\approx 1$ ms) generate outflows focused in the rotational equatorial plane with much higher mass-loss rates (by over an order of magnitude), lower velocities, lower entropy, and lower asymptotic electron fractions, than otherwise similar non-rotating wind solutions. Although such rapidly spinning PNS are likely rare in nature, their atypical nucleosynthetic composition and outsized mass yields could render them important contributors of light neutron-rich nuclei compared to more common slowly rotating PNS birth. Our calculations pave the way to including the combined effects of rotation and a dynamically-important large-scale magnetic field on the wind properties within a 3D GRMHD framework.

20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (7)

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• Nucleosynthesis in outflows of compact objects and detection prospects of associated kilonovae
• r-Process Nucleosynthesis and Radioactively Powered Transients from Magnetar Giant Flares
• Spontaneous Scalarization in Proto-neutron Stars
• Proto-Neutron Star Convection and the Neutrino-Driven Wind: Implications for the $\nu$p-Process