Wave heating from proto-neutron star convection and the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism

Abstract

Our understanding of the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism is incomplete. While the favoured scenario is delayed revival of the stalled shock by neutrino heating, it is difficult to reliably compute explosion outcomes and energies, which depend sensitively on the complex radiation hydrodynamics of the post-shock region. The dynamics of the (non-)explosion depend sensitively on how energy is transported from inside and near the proto-neutron star (PNS) to material just behind the supernova shock. Although most of the PNS energy is lost in the form of neutrinos, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic waves can also carry energy from the PNS to the shock. We show that gravity waves excited by core PNS convection can couple with outgoing acoustic waves that present an appreciable source of energy and pressure in the post-shock region. Using one-dimensional simulations, we estimate the gravity wave energy flux excited by PNS convection and the fraction of this energy transmitted upward to the post-shock region as acoustic waves. We find wave energy fluxes near $10^{51}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ are likely to persist for $\sim 1\mathrm{s}$ post-bounce. The wave pressure on the shock may exceed $10\%$ of the thermal pressure, potentially contributing to shock revival and, subsequently, a successful and energetic explosion. We also discuss how future simulations can better capture the effects of waves, and more accurately quantify wave heating rates.

arXiv comment17 pages, 11 figures. Updated to match the published version in MNRAS

References in corpus (65)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Explosion Mechanisms of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Evolution of Protoneutron Stars
• Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions: a Sneak Preview
• A New Mechanism for Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Wave-Driven Mass Loss in the Last Year of Stellar Evolution: Setting the Stage for the Most Luminous Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Turbulent Convection in Stellar Interiors. I. Hydrodynamic Simulation
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulated using a 15 $M_{\odot }$ progenitor
• The Overarching Framework of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions as Revealed by 3D Fornax Simulations
• Supernova Simulations from a 3D Progenitor Model -- Impact of Perturbations and Evolution of Explosion Properties
• Instability of a stalled accretion shock: evidence for the advective-acoustic cycle
• Internal Gravity Waves in Massive Stars: Angular Momentum Transport
• Neutrino-driven explosion of a 20 solar-mass star in three dimensions enabled by strange-quark contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering
• Neutrino Opacities in Nuclear Matter
• Pre-Supernova Outbursts via Wave Heating in Massive Stars I: Red Supergiants
• Is Strong SASI Activity the Key to Successful Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions?
• The Role of Turbulence in Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae from Low-Mass Single and Binary Star Progenitors
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Characterizing the Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Muon Creation in Supernova Matter Facilitates Neutrino-driven Explosions
• A Successful 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Model
• Asteroseismology Can Reveal Strong Internal Magnetic Fields in Red Giant Stars
• Gravitational Wave Signals from 3D Neutrino Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Proto-Neutron Star Winds with Magnetic Fields and Rotation
• Global Comparison of Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations in Spherical Symmetry
• Proto-Neutron Star Cooling with Convection: The Effect of the Symmetry Energy
• The Dynamics of Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions after Shock Revival in 2D and 3D
• Three-Dimensional Supernova Explosion Simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M${}_{\odot }$ Stars
• Angular momentum extraction by gravity waves in the Sun
• The Three Dimensional Evolution to Core Collapse of a Massive Star
• Internal Gravity Waves Modulate the Apparent Misalignment of Exoplanets around Hot Stars
• Angular momentum redistribution by waves in the Sun
• Multi-Dimensional Radiation/Hydrodynamic Simulations of Protoneutron Star Convection
• The Progenitor Dependence of Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• A New Open-Source Nuclear Equation of State Framework based on the Liquid-Drop Model with Skyrme Interaction
• Angular Momentum Transport via Internal Gravity Waves in Evolving Stars
• Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• L-GALAXIES 2020: Spatially resolved cold gas phases, star formation and chemical enrichment in galactic discs
• Internal Gravity Wave Excitation by Turbulent Convection
• Pre-Supernova Outbursts via Wave Heating in Massive Stars II: Hydrogen-poor Stars
• Towards asteroseismology of core-collapse supernovae with gravitational-wave observations - II. Spacetime perturbations
• Universal relations for gravitational-wave asteroseismology of proto-neutron stars
• Equation of state effects in the core collapse of a $20$-$M_{\odot }$ star
• A New Multi-Dimensional General Relativistic Neutrino Hydrodynamics Code for Core-Collapse Supernovae IV. The Neutrino Signal
• Theoretical seismology in 3D : nonlinear simulations of internal gravity waves in solar-like stars
• A New Code for Proto-Neutron Star Evolution
• Neutrino-driven Turbulent Convection and Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Stability analysis of a tidally excited internal gravity wave near the centre of a solar-type star
• The spin rate of pre-collapse stellar cores: wave-driven angular momentum transport in massive stars
• Generation of internal gravity waves by penetrative convection
• On the linear growth mechanism driving the stationary accretion shock instability
• A simple toy model of the advective-acoustic instability I. Perturbative approach
• Nonlinear Saturation of g-modes in Proto-Neutron Stars: Quieting the Acoustic Engine
• The saturation of SASI by parasitic instabilities
• Shock-Turbulence Interaction in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Implicit large eddy simulations of anisotropic weakly compressible turbulence with application to core-collapse supernovae
• The energy flux spectrum of internal waves generated by turbulent convection
• Alfven Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion
• The impact of vorticity waves on the shock dynamics in core-collapse supernovae
• The g-mode Excitation in the Proto Neutron Star by the Standing Accretion Shock Instability
• The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
• A Parametric Study of the Acoustic Mechanism for Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Turbulence Generation by Shock-Acoustic-Wave Interaction in Core-Collapse Supernovae

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Self-consistent 3D Supernova Models From -7 Minutes to +7 Seconds: a 1-bethe Explosion of a ~19 Solar-mass Progenitor
• A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations
• Equation of State Dependence of Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Equation of State and Progenitor Dependence of Stellar-Mass Black-Hole Formation
• Angular Momentum Transport in Proto-Neutron Stars and the Fate of Neutron Star Merger Remnants
• Protoneutron Star Convection Simulated with a New General Relativistic Boltzmann Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Code
• Gravitational Waves from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Winds from Rotating Proto-Neutron Stars
• Exploiting stellar explosion induced by the QCD phase transition in large-scale neutrino detectors
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• Proto-Neutron Star Convection and the Neutrino-Driven Wind: Implications for the r-Process
• The Antesonic Condition for the Explosion of Core-Collapse Supernovae II: Rotation and Turbulence
• Proto-Neutron Star Convection and the Neutrino-Driven Wind: Implications for the $\nu$p-Process
• Convection signatures in early-time gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae
• Trends in gravitational wave emission in axisymmetric simulations of rotating core-collapse supernovae