Protoneutron Star Convection Simulated with a New General Relativistic Boltzmann Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Code

Abstract

We investigate the protoneutron star (PNS) convection using our newly developed general relativistic Boltzmann neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics code. This is a pilot study for more comprehensive investigations later. As such, we take a snapshot of a PNS at 2.3 seconds after bounce from a 1D PNS cooling calculation and run our simulation for $\sim 160\mathrm{ms}$ in 2D under axisymmetry. The original PNS cooling calculation neglected convection entirely and the initial condition is linearly unstable to convection. We find in our 2D simulation that convection is instigated there indeed and expands inward after being full-fledged. The convection is then settled to a quasi-steady state in $\sim 100\mathrm{ms}$, being sustained by the negative $Y_e$ gradient, which is in turn maintained by neutrino emissions. It enhances the luminosities and mean energies of all species of neutrinos compared to 1D. Taking advantage of the Boltzmann solver, we analyze the possible occurrence of the neutrino fast flavor conversion (FFC). We found that FFC is likely to occur in the regions, where $Y_e$ is lower, and that the growth rate can be as high as $\sim 10^{-1}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}$.

accepted to ApJ

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• Universality of the Neutrino Collisional Flavor Instability in Core Collapse Supernovae
• Flavor conversions with energy-dependent neutrino emission and absorption
• Gray Two-moment Neutrino Transport: Comprehensive Tests and Improvements for Supernova Simulations
• Fast neutrino-flavor swap in high-energy astrophysical environments
• Quasi-steady evolution of fast neutrino-flavor conversions
• Comparative Testing of Subgrid Models for Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversions in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
• Muon-induced collisional flavor instability in core-collapse supernova
• Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron star
• Diagnosing electron-neutrino lepton number crossings in core-collapse supernovae: A comparison of methods
• Steady state of fast-oscillating neutrinos in an inhomogeneous medium
• Electron-neutrino lepton number crossings: Variations with the supernova core physics
• A Relativistic Formula for the Multiple Scattering of Photons
• Asymmetric emissions of neutrinos in the cooling of rotating proto-neutron stars
• Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase