Fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillations associated with asymmetric neutrino emissions in core-collapse supernova

Abstract

We present a linear stability analysis of the fast-pairwise neutrino flavor conversion based on a result of our latest axisymmetric core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulation with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. In the CCSN simulation, coherent asymmetric neutrino emissions of electron-type neutrinos (${\nu }_{\mathrm{e}}$) and their anti-particles (${\bar{\nu }}_{\mathrm{e}}$), in which the asymmetry of ${\nu }_{\mathrm{e}}$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mathrm{e}}$ is anti-correlated with each other, occur at almost the same time as the onset of aspherical shock expansion. We find that the asymmetric neutrino emissions play a crucial role on occurrences of fast flavor conversions. The linear analysis shows that unstable modes appear in both pre- and post-shock flows; for the latter they appear only in the hemisphere of higher ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mathrm{e}}$ emissions (the same hemisphere with stronger shock expansion). We analyze in depth the characteristics of electron-lepton-number (ELN) crossing by closely inspecting the angular distributions of neutrinos in momentum space. The ELN crossing happens in various ways, and the property depends on the radius: in the vicinity of neutron star, ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mathrm{e}}$ (${\nu }_{\mathrm{e}}$) dominates over ${\nu }_{\mathrm{e}}$ (${\bar{\nu }}_{\mathrm{e}}$) in the forward (backward) direction: at the larger radius the ELN crossing occurs in the opposite way. We also find that the non-radial ELN crossing occurs at the boundary between no ELN crossing and the radial one, which is an effect of genuine multi-D transport. Our findings indicate that the collective neutrino oscillation may occur more commonly in CCSNe and suggest that the CCSN community needs to accommodate these oscillations self-consistently in the modelling of CCSNe.

Accepted to ApJ

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