Self-sustained asymmetry of lepton-number emission: A new phenomenon during the supernova shock-accretion phase in three dimensions

Abstract

During the stalled-shock phase of our 3D hydrodynamical core-collapse simulations with energy-dependent, 3-flavor neutrino transport, the lepton-number flux (nue minus antinue) emerges predominantly in one hemisphere. This novel, spherical-symmetry breaking neutrino-hydrodynamical instability is termed LESA for "Lepton-number Emission Self-sustained Asymmetry." While the individual nue and antinue fluxes show a pronounced dipole pattern, the heavy-flavor neutrino fluxes and the overall luminosity are almost spherically symmetric. Initially, LESA seems to develop stochastically from convective fluctuations, it exists for hundreds of milliseconds or more, and it persists during violent shock sloshing associated with the standing accretion shock instability. The nue minus antinue flux asymmetry originates mainly below the neutrinosphere in a region of pronounced proto-neutron star (PNS) convection, which is stronger in the hemisphere of enhanced lepton-number flux. On this side of the PNS, the mass-accretion rate of lepton-rich matter is larger, amplifying the lepton-emission asymmetry, because the spherical stellar infall deflects on a dipolar deformation of the stalled shock. The increased shock radius in the hemisphere of less mass accretion and minimal lepton-number flux (antinue flux maximum) is sustained by stronger convection on this side, which is boosted by stronger neutrino heating because the average antinue energy is higher than the average nue energy. Asymmetric heating thus supports the global deformation despite extremely nonstationary convective overturn behind the shock. While these different elements of LESA form a consistent picture, a full understanding remains elusive at present. There may be important implications for neutrino-flavor oscillations, the neutron-to-proton ratio in the neutrino-heated supernova ejecta, and neutron-star kicks, which remain to be explored.

21 pages, 15 figures; new results and new figure added; accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (13)

• Nucleosynthesis and Remnants in Massive Stars of Solar Metallicity
• Delayed neutrino-driven supernova explosions aided by the standing accretion-shock instability
• Instability of a stalled accretion shock: evidence for the advective-acoustic cycle
• Pulsar spins from an instability in the accretion shock of supernovae
• Criteria for Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions by the Neutrino Mechanism
• Multidimensional supernova simulations with approximative neutrino transport. II. Convection and the advective-acoustic cycle in the supernova core
• Equation-of-State Dependent Features in Shock-Oscillation Modulated Neutrino and Gravitational-Wave Signals from Supernovae
• Role of dense matter in collective supernova neutrino transformations
• Decoherence in supernova neutrino transformations suppressed by deleptonization
• Hydrodynamical Neutron Star Kicks in Three Dimensions
• Effect of Rotation on the Stability of a Stalled Cylindrical Shock and its Consequences for Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Linear growth of spiral SASI modes in core-collapse supernovae
• Suppression of the multi-azimuthal-angle instability in dense neutrino gas during supernova accretion phase

Cited by in corpus (144)

• Neutrino Physics with JUNO
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions: a Sneak Preview
• Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Theory
• A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
• The evolutionary roads leading to low effective spins, high black hole masses, and O1/O2 rates of LIGO/Virgo binary black holes
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulated using a 15 $M_{\odot }$ progenitor
• The Overarching Framework of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions as Revealed by 3D Fornax Simulations
• Neutrino-driven explosion of a 20 solar-mass star in three dimensions enabled by strange-quark contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering
• A Simple Approach to the Supernova Progenitor-Explosion Connection
• Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
• Non-Radial Instabilities and Progenitor Asphericities in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Fast Pairwise Conversion of Supernova Neutrinos: A Dispersion-Relation Approach
• The Role of Turbulence in Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae from Low-Mass Single and Binary Star Progenitors
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Neutrino-driven supernova of a low-mass iron-core progenitor boosted by three-dimensional turbulent convection
• Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors
• New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas
• Self-consistent 3D Supernova Models From -7 Minutes to +7 Seconds: a 1-bethe Explosion of a ~19 Solar-mass Progenitor
• A Successful 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Model
• Nucleosynthesis in the Innermost Ejecta of Neutrino-Drive Supernova Explosions in Two Dimensions
• Gravitational Wave Signals from 3D Neutrino Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Neutron star kicks by the gravitational tug-boat mechanism in asymmetric supernova explosions: progenitor and explosion dependence
• Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum at Earth: Sources and Spectral Components
• Neutrino emission characteristics and detection opportunities based on three-dimensional supernova simulations
• Production and Distribution of ${}^{44}$Ti and ${}^{56}$Ni in a Three-dimensional Supernova Model Resembling Cassiopeia A
• General Relativistic Three-Dimensional Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The Dynamics of Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions after Shock Revival in 2D and 3D
• Rotation-supported Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions in Three Dimensions and the Critical Luminosity Condition
• Self-induced neutrino flavor conversion without flavor mixing
• What can be learned from a future supernova neutrino detection?
• Three-dimensional Models of Core-collapse Supernovae From Low-mass Progenitors With Implications for Crab
• Neutrino oscillations in supernovae: angular moments and fast instabilities
• Fast neutrino flavor conversions near the supernova core with realistic flavor-dependent angular distributions
• Gravitational Wave Emission from 3D Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Low and Normal Explosion Energies
• Supernova Neutrino Burst Detection with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
• Fast neutrino conversions: Ubiquitous in compact binary merger remnants
• Progenitor-dependent Explosion Dynamics in Self-consistent, Axisymmetric Simulations of Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernovae
• Electron-Capture and Low-Mass Iron-Core-Collapse Supernovae: New Neutrino-Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations
• On the occurrence of fast neutrino flavor conversions in multidimensional supernova models
• Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• Fast flavor conversions of supernova neutrinos: Classifying instabilities via dispersion relations
• Gravitational waves from three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models: The impact of moderate progenitor rotation
• Supernova neutrino physics with xenon dark matter detectors: A timely perspective
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Instability in the Neutron-star Convection Layer of Three-dimensional Supernova Models
• Magnetorotational Explosion of A Massive Star Supported by Neutrino Heating in General Relativistic Three Dimensional Simulations
• Temporal and Angular Variations of 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Emissions and their Physical Correlations
• Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Revising natal kick prescriptions in population synthesis simulations
• Correlated Signatures of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Emission in Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Multi-Dimensional Transport
• Collisional triggering of fast flavor conversions of supernova neutrinos
• Flavor-dependent neutrino angular distribution in core-collapse supernovae
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion Modes in Multidimensional Core-collapse Supernova Models: the Role of the Asymmetric Neutrino Distributions
• Hydrodynamical Neutron-star Kicks in Electron-capture Supernovae and Implications for the CRAB Supernova
• Neutron Star Kicks and their Relationship to Supernovae Ejecta Mass
• Fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillations associated with asymmetric neutrino emissions in core-collapse supernova
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Revival of the Fittest: Exploding Core-Collapse Supernovae from 12 to 25 M${}_{\odot }$
• A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations
• Supernova Fallback as Origin of Neutron Star Spins and Spin-kick Alignment
• On the characteristics of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models
• A few moments to diagnose fast flavor conversions of supernova neutrinos
• Roles of fast neutrino-flavor conversion on the neutrino-heating mechanism of core-collapse supernova
• Core-collapse supernova neutrino emission and detection informed by state-of-the-art three-dimensional numerical models
• Neutrino-driven Turbulent Convection and Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Neutrino Emission as Diagnostics of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Strong Supernova 1987A Constraints on Bosons Decaying to Neutrinos
• Fast flavor conversions in supernovae: the rise of mu-tau neutrinos
• Neutrino emission characteristics of black hole formation in three-dimensional simulations of stellar collapse
• Neutrino Flavor Conversions in High-Density Astrophysical and Cosmological Environments
• Supernova Simulations Confront SN 1987A Neutrinos
• Supernova 1987A: neutrino-driven explosions in three dimensions and light curves
• Towards an Understanding of the Resolution Dependence of Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion as Oscillations in a Quartic Potential
• Effects of LESA in Three-Dimensional Supernova Simulations with Multi-Dimensional and Ray-by-Ray-plus Neutrino Transport
• Possible early linear acceleration of proto-neutron stars via asymmetric neutrino emission in core-collapse supernovae
• Searching for Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion Modes in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
• Characteristic Time Variability of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Signals from Three-dimensional Simulations of Non-Rotating and Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core-Collapse
• On the Occurrence of Crossings Between the Angular Distributions of Electron Neutrinos and Antineutrinos in the Supernova Core
• Self-induced flavor conversion of supernova neutrinos on small scales
• Three-dimensional simulation of a core-collapse supernova for a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A
• Explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae: role of the Si/O interface
• Multi-dimensional Features of Neutrino Transfer in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Kicks and Induced Spins of Neutron Stars at Birth
• Neutrino propagation hinders fast pairwise flavor conversions
• Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae with complex magnetic structures: II. Rotational instabilities and multi-messenger signatures
• Insights into non-axisymmetric instabilities in three-dimensional rotating supernova models with neutrino and gravitational-wave signatures
• Effects of the standing accretion-shock instability and the lepton-emission self-sustained asymmetry in the neutrino emission of rotating supernovae
• Fast neutrino flavor conversions in a supernova: Emergence, evolution, and effects
• Stationary solutions for fast flavor oscillations of a homogeneous dense neutrino gas
• Identifying rotation in SASI-dominated core-collapse supernovae with a neutrino gyroscope
• Robust measurement of supernova ${\nu }_e$ spectra with future neutrino detectors
• Stochasticity and efficiency of simplified core-collapse supernova explosions
• Effect of the Nuclear Equation of State on Relativistic-Turbulence Induced Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Impact of magnetic field on neutrino-matter interactions in core-collapse supernova
• General Relativistic Neutrino-Driven Turbulence in One-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Perturbing Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion
• Neutrino self-interaction and MSW effects on the supernova neutrino-process
• Efficient estimation method for time evolution of proto-neutron star mass and radius from supernova neutrino signal
• Explosive nucleosynthesis with fast neutrino-flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae
• Detectability of Collective Neutrino Oscillation Signatures in the Supernova Explosion of a 8.8 $M_{\odot }$ star
• Detectability of SASI activity in supernova neutrino signals
• Key Issues Review: Numerical studies of turbulence in stars
• Prompt directional detection of galactic supernova by combining large liquid scintillator neutrino detectors
• Comparison of the Core-Collapse Evolution of Two Nearly Equal Mass Progenitors
• Supernova deleptonization asymmetry: Impact on self-induced flavor conversion
• Neutrinos from explosive transients at the dawn of multi-messenger astronomy
• The non-linear onset of neutrino-driven convection in two and three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae
• Fast neutrino-flavor swap in high-energy astrophysical environments
• thornado-hydro: a discontinuous Galerkin method for supernova hydrodynamics with nuclear equations of state
• Multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae: Exploiting the standing accretion shock instability
• Standing Accretion Shock Instability in the Collapse of a Rotating Stellar Core
• Exploiting stellar explosion induced by the QCD phase transition in large-scale neutrino detectors
• Analyzing the Galactic pulsar distribution with machine learning
• Neutron star kicks plus rockets as a mechanism for forming wide low-eccentricity neutron star binaries
• The impact of asymmetric neutrino emissions on nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
• Supernova Neutrinos: flavour conversion mechanisms and new physics scenarios
• Comparative Testing of Subgrid Models for Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversions in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
• Neutrino quantum kinetics in two spatial dimensions
• The impact of asymmetric neutrino emissions on nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae II -- progenitor dependences --
• The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
• Supernova neutrinos and the turbulence power spectrum: point source statistics
• Investigating Time Evolution of Thermal Emission from the Putative Neutron Star in SN 1987A for 50+ Years
• Natal kicks of compact objects
• Theoretical developments in supernova neutrino physics : mass corrections and pairing correlators
• Probing a diffuse flux of axion-like particles from galactic supernovae with neutrino water Cherenkov detectors
• Neutrino astrophysics : recent advances and open issues
• Evolving massive stars to core collapse with GENEC: Extension of equation of state, opacities and effective nuclear network
• Electron-neutrino lepton number crossings: Variations with the supernova core physics
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Circular polarisation: a new probe of dark matter and neutrinos in the sky
• Timing coincidence search for supernova neutrinos with optical transient surveys
• On The Feasibility Of Using Neutrino Intensity Interferometry To Measure Proto-Neutron Star Radii
• Sensitivity Study of Supernova Neutrinos for Mass Hierarchy
• Decoherence effect in neutrinos produced in micro-quasar jets
• Occurrence of fast neutrino flavor conversions in QCD phase-transition supernovae
• Linear Analysis of the Shock Instability in Core-collapse Supernovae: Influences of Acoustic Power and Fluctuations of Neutrino Luminosity
• Neutrinos from Diffuse Supernova Background
• Collapsar Disk Outflows III: Detectable Neutrino and Gravitational Wave Signatures
• Where, when and why: occurrence of fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillation in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models
• Prospects for detecting proto-neutron star rotation and spindown using supernova neutrinos