On the Nature of Core Collapse Supernova Explosions

Abstract

We investigate in this paper the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism in both one and two dimensions. We verify the usefulness of neutrino-driven overturn (``convection'') between the shock and the neutrinosphere in igniting the supernova explosion. The 2-D simulation of the core of a 15$\mdot$ star that we present here indicates that the breaking of spherical symmetry may be central to the explosion itself and that a multitude of bent and broken fingers is a common feature of the ejecta. In 2-D, the steady-state shock radius is larger than its value in 1-D by 30\%--100\%. The critical condition for explosion is thereby relaxed. Since supernovae are driven by neutrino heating, they are coronal phenomena, akin to winds, though initially bounded by an accretion tamp. Neutrino energy is pumped into the supernova during the shock's propagation through the inner many thousands of kilometers and not instantaneously. Curiously, just after the explosion is triggered, the matter that will eventually be ejected is still bound. The high-speed fingers that emerge from the core seem a natural explanation for the nickel bullets seen in 87A and the shrapnel inferred in some supernova remnants. Within 100 ms of the explosion, a strong, neutrino-driven wind is blowing outward from the protoneutron star.

68 pages, AASTeX Latex, 37 Figures, Accepted for Sept. 10'th, 1995 Ap. J., Figures and mpeg simulations available at http://lepton.physics.arizona.edu:8000/

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• A Generalized Kompaneets Formalism for Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering in Supernova Simulations
• The Antesonic Condition for the Explosion of Core-Collapse Supernovae I: Spherically Symmetric Polytropic Models: Stability & Wind Emergence
• The rocket effect mechanism in neutron stars in supernova remnants
• A Force Explosion Condition for Spherically Symmetric Core-collapse Supernovae
• Asymmetric neutrino emission due to neutrino-nucleon scatterings in supernova magnetic fields
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• Neutron star kicks plus rockets as a mechanism for forming wide low-eccentricity neutron star binaries
• The Demographics of Binary Companions to Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Confronting Observations with Population Synthesis
• Probing nuclear physics with supernova gravitational waves and machine learning
• Inferring Type II-P Supernova Progenitor Masses from Plateau Luminosities
• Effect of Collective Neutrino Oscillations on the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Modifications to the pulsar kick velocity due to magnetic interactions in dense plasma
• Energy-conserving, Relativistic Corrections to Strong Shock Propagation
• Fallback onto Kicked Neutron Stars and its Effect on Spin-Kick Alignment
• Bulk neutrinos and core collapse supernovae
• Recent Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics
• Neutron-induced nucleosynthesis
• X-ray Studies of the Inverted Ejecta Layers in the Southeast Area of Cassiopeia A
• The role of E+A and post-starburst galaxies - II. Spectral energy distributions and comparison with observations
• Solving the gamma-ray radiative transfer equation for supernovae
• Reduction of neutrino - nucleon scattering rate by nucleon - nucleon collisions
• Physics of Neutron Star Kicks
• Pair-Instability Supernovae of Fast Rotating Stars
• Towards a Synthesis of Core-Collapse Supernova Theory
• The initial mass-remnant mass relation for core collapse supernovae
• On the origin of the asymmetry of the ejecta structure and explosion of G350.1$-$0.3
• A kinematically constrained kick distribution for isolated neutron stars
• Lowest Order Constrained Variational Calculation of Structure Properties of Protoneutron Star
• Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Supernova Gravitational Wave Signal Classification
• Explosion Energies for Core-collapse Supernovae I: Analytic, Spherically Symmetric Solutions
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis: Prospects
• The Antesonic Condition for the Explosion of Core-Collapse Supernovae II: Rotation and Turbulence
• Supernova neutrino challenges
• Importance of Prolate Neutrino Radiation in Core-Collapse Supernovae: The Reason for the Prolate Geometry of SN1987A?
• Global Anisotropy Versus Small-Scale Fluctuations in Neutrino Flux in Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Kicked neutron stars and microlensing
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Dense Ejecta Knots in the Outer Eastern Area of the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• Cerenkov radiation of longitudinal photons by neutrinos
• Supernovae and Neutrinos
• Neutrino Rocket Jet Model: An Explanation of High-velocity Pulsars and their Spin-down Evolution
• Supernovae at the cosmic dawn
• The Type II-P Supernova 2019mhm and Constraints on Its Progenitor System
• Protoneutron star in the Relativistic Mean - Field Theory
• Hunting isolated neutron stars with proper motions from wide-area optical surveys
• Gravitational Bounce from the Quantum Exclusion Principle
• A Low-speed Intruder Star in Hyades: A Temporary Residence
• An Online Framework for Fitting Fast Transient Lightcurves
• Spherically Symmetric Accretion onto a Compact Object through a Standing Shock: The Effects of General Relativity in the Schwarzschild Geometry
• Simulations of Stellar Core Collapse, Bounce, and Postbounce Evolution with Boltzmann Neutrino Transport, and Implications for the Core Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• The action of neutrino ponderomotive force on supernova dynamics
• 3D Synthetic Convective Velocity Fields to Initialise Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations from 1D Progenitors
• Core-collapse supernovae and gravitational waves
• Cold Collapse and Bounce of an FLRW Cloud
• Evolution of proto-neutron stars to pulsars, magnetars and central compact objects
• Core-Collapse Supernovae at the Threshold
• Stellar population modelling of neutron stars and black holes: spatially-resolved graveyards in MaNGA/SDSS-IV galaxies
• Assessing the Distance for Probing the Nuclear Equation of State with Supernova Gravitational Waves
• Constraining the gravitational-wave emission of core-collapse supernovae with ground-based detectors
• Protoneutron Star Winds
• Neutrino Oscillations at Supernova Core Bounce Generate the Strongest Gravitational-Wave Bursts
• Dynamics of spherically symmetric spacetimes: hydrodynamics and radiation
• Fluid Instabilities of Magnetar-Powered Supernovae
• Impact of tides on non-coplanar orbits of progenitors of high-mass X-ray binaries
• Prospects for detecting proto-neutron star rotation and spindown using supernova neutrinos