Three-Dimensional Explosion Geometry of Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae. II. Modelling of Polarization

Abstract

We present modelling of line polarization to study multi-dimensional geometry of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We demonstrate that a purely axisymmetric, two-dimensional geometry cannot reproduce a loop in the Stokes Q-U diagram, i.e., a variation of the polarization angles along the velocities associated with the absorption lines. On the contrary, three-dimensional (3D) clumpy structures naturally reproduce the loop. The fact that the loop is commonly observed in stripped-envelope SNe suggests that SN ejecta generally have a 3D structure. We study the degree of line polarization as a function of the absorption depth for various 3D clumpy models with different clump sizes and covering factors. Comparison between the calculated and observed degree of line polarization indicates that a typical size of the clump is relatively large, >~ 25 % of the photospheric radius. Such large-scale clumps are similar to those observed in the SN remnant Cassiopeia A. Given the small size of the observed sample, the covering factor of the clumps is only weakly constrained (~ 5-80 %). The presence of large-scale clumpy structure suggests that the large-scale convection or standing accretion shock instability takes place at the onset of the explosion.

12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (112)

• Explosion Mechanisms of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Stability of Standing Accretion Shocks, With an Eye Toward Core Collapse Supernovae
• On the Nature of Core Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Inside the Supernova: A Powerful Convective Engine
• Explosions of O-Ne-Mg Cores, the Crab Supernova, and Subluminous Type II-P Supernovae
• The Expulsion of Stellar Envelopes in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Simulations of Magnetically-Driven Supernova and Hypernova Explosions in the Context of Rapid Rotation
• Perspectives on Core-Collapse Supernova Theory
• Two-dimensional hydrodynamic core-collapse supernova simulations with spectral neutrino transport. I. Numerical method and results for a 15 M_sun star
• Delayed neutrino-driven supernova explosions aided by the standing accretion-shock instability
• Spectropolarimetry of Supernovae
• Time Dependent Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Calculations For 3-Dimensional Supernova Spectra, Lightcurves, and Polarization
• Shock Breakout in Core-Collapse Supernovae and its Neutrino Signature
• The Cassiopeia A Supernova was of Type IIB
• Probing the gravitational well: No supernova explosion in spherical symmetry with general relativistic Boltzmann neutrino transport
• Non-spherical Core Collapse Supernovae I. Neutrino-Driven Convection, Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities, and the Formation and Propagation of Metal Clumps
• Three-dimensional neutrino-driven supernovae: Neutron star kicks, spins, and asymmetric ejection of nucleosynthesis products
• A large scale dynamo and magnetoturbulence in rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulated using a 15 $M_{\odot }$ progenitor
• Spherically Symmetric Simulation with Boltzmann Neutrino Transport of Core Collapse and Post-Bounce Evolution of a 15 Solar Mass Star
• Magnetorotational Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions
• Asymmetries in core-collapse supernovae from maps of radioactive ${}^{44}$Ti in CassiopeiaA
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae: From Shock Revival to Shock Breakout
• Postbounce evolution of core-collapse supernovae: Long-term effects of equation of state
• Instability of a stalled accretion shock: evidence for the advective-acoustic cycle
• A Million-Second Chandra View of Cassiopeia A
• Detailed Analysis of Early to Late-Time Spectra of Supernova 1993J
• Pulsar Recoil by Large-Scale Anisotropies in Supernova Explosions
• Asphericity in Supernova Explosions from Late-Time Spectroscopy
• A Comparison of Two- and Three-dimensional Neutrino-hydrodynamics simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Mixing Instabilities in Supernova Explosions
• Spectropolarimetry of SN 2001el in NGC 1448: Asphericity of a Normal Type Ia Supernova
• SASI Activity in Three-Dimensional Neutrino-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Supernova Cores
• Is Strong SASI Activity the Key to Successful Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions?
• Three-dimensional Hydrodynamic Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations for an $11.2M_{\odot }$ Star with Spectral Neutrino Transport
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Neutrino-driven supernova of a low-mass iron-core progenitor boosted by three-dimensional turbulent convection
• Dust and the type II-plateau supernova 2004et
• Time-dependent 3D spectrum synthesis for type Ia supernovae
• An Asymmetric, Energetic Type Ic Supernova Viewed Off-Axis, and a Link to Gamma-Ray Bursts
• 2D Multi-Angle, Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Postbounce Supernova Cores
• Massive-Star Supernovae as Major Dust Factories
• The Peculiar Type Ic Supernova 1997ef: Another Hypernova
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Energetic Type Ic `Hypernova' SN 1997ef
• Axisymmetric Ab Initio Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations of 12-25 M_sol Stars
• Nebular emission-line profiles of Type Ib/c Supernovae - probing the ejecta asphericity
• New Two-Dimensional Models of Supernova Explosions by the Neutrino-Heating Mechanism: Evidence for Different Instability Regimes in Collapsing Stellar Cores
• Evidence for Asphericity in a Subluminous Type Ia Supernova: Spectropolarimetry of SN 1999by
• Semi-global simulations of the magneto-rotational instability in core collapse supernovae
• A Two-Component Model for the Light Curves of Hypernovae
• Analysis of the Flux and Polarization Spectra of the Type Ia Supernova SN 2001el: Exploring the Geometry of the High-velocity Ejecta
• Numerical Analysis on Standing Accretion Shock Instability with Neutrino Heating in the Supernova Cores
• The nebular spectra of the hypernova SN 1998bw and evidence for asymmetry
• The Three-Dimensional Structure of Cassiopeia A
• Special Relativistic Simulations of Magnetically-dominated Jets in Collapsing Massive Stars
• General Relativistic Three-Dimensional Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Non-Spherical Core-Collapse Supernovae II. Late-Time Evolution of Globally Anisotropic Neutrino-Driven Explosions and Implications for SN 1987A
• SN 2009jf: a slow-evolving stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The timing and location of dust formation in the remnant of SN 1987A
• Explosion geometry of a rotating 13 $M_{\odot }$ star driven by the SASI-aided neutrino-heating supernova mechanism
• Double-peaked Oxygen Lines Are not Rare in Nebular Spectra of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Dynamics of shock propagation and nucleosynthesis conditions in O-Ne-Mg core supernovae
• High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Multiple Progenitors
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Axisymmetrically Deformed Type II Supernovae
• Aspherical Properties of Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis in Jet-induced Supernovae
• The Spiral Modes of the Standing Accretion Shock Instability
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ic SN 2002ap in M74: More Evidence for Asymmetric Core Collapse
• Dust yields in clumpy SN shells: SN 1987A revisited
• The Bubble-like Interior of the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
• Modelling supernova line profile asymmetries to determine ejecta dust masses: SN 1987A from days 714 to 3604
• SN Ib 1990I: Clumping and Dust in the Ejecta?
• Optical Spectropolarimetry of SN 2002ap: High Velocity Asymmetric Explosion
• Spectropolarimetry of Extremely Luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc: Nearly Spherical Explosion of Super-Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarf
• VLT Spectropolarimetry of the fast expanding Type Ia SN2006X
• The Broad-Lined Type Ic SN 2012ap and the Nature of Relativistic Supernovae Lacking a Gamma-ray Burst Detection
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib/c SN 2005bf
• The Aspherical Properties of the Energetic Type Ic SN 2002ap as Inferred from its Nebular Spectra
• Photospheric-Phase Spectropolarimetry and Nebular-Phase Spectroscopy of the Peculiar Type Ic Supernova 2002ap
• Analysis of the Polarization and Flux Spectra of SN1993J
• Asphericity, Interaction, and Dust in the Type II-P/II-L Supernova 2013ej in Messier 74
• The Dual-Axis Circumstellar Environment of the Type IIn Supernova 1997eg
• Nebular Phase Observations of the Type Ib Supernova 2008D/X-ray Transient 080109: Side-Viewed Bipolar Explosion
• 3D simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing in core-collapse SNe with CASTRO
• Polarisation spectral synthesis for Type Ia supernova explosion models
• Type Ia supernovae from violent mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs: polarisation signatures
• Multimessengers from core-collapse supernovae: multidimensionality as a key to bridge theory and observation
• The Early Asymmetries of Supernova 2008D / XRF 080109
• The Core-Collapse Supernova with "Non-Uniform" Magnetic Fields
• The Evolution of Dust Mass in the Ejecta of SN1987A
• Synthetic line and continuum linear-polarisation signatures of axisymmetric type II supernova ejecta
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type IIb Supernova 2001ig
• The Three-Dimensional Structure of Interior Ejecta in Cassiopeia A at High Spectral Resolution
• Large Late-time Asphericities in Three Type IIP Supernovae
• Keck and ESO-VLT View of the Symmetry of the Ejecta of the XRF/SN 2006aj
• Matter Mixing in Axisymmetric Supernova Explosion
• Spectropolarimetry of the Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf: Larger Asymmetry Revealed by Later-Phase Data
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis in GRB Jets Accompanied by Hypernovae
• Characteristic velocities of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova cores
• Three-Dimensional Explosion Geometry of Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae. I. Spectropolarimetric Observations
• Nebular spectroscopy of the nearby type IIb supernova 2011dh
• SN 2007uy - metamorphosis of an aspheric Type Ib explosion
• Optical Observations of the Type Ic Supernova 2007gr in NGC 1058 and Implications for the Properties of its Progenitor
• Deviations From Axisymmetry Revealed by Line Polarization in the Normal Type Ia SN 2004S
• Optical Spectropolarimetry and Asphericity of Type Ic SN 2007gr
• Spectropolarimetry of SN 2011dh in M51: geometric insights on a Type IIb supernova progenitor and explosion
• Matter mixing in aspherical core-collapse supernovae: a search for possible conditions for conveying ${}^{56}$Ni into high velocity regions
• Explosive nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-driven aspherical supernova explosion of a non-rotating 15$M_{\odot }$ star with solar metallicity
• Asymmetries in SN 2014J Near Maximum Light Revealed Through Spectropolarimetry
• Spectropolarimetric Signatures of Clumpy Supernova Ejecta
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type IIb SN 2008aq
• Multi-epoch Spectropolarimetry of SN 2011fe

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Correlated Signatures of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Emission in Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Linear spectropolarimetry of 35 Type Ia Supernovae with VLT/FORS: An analysis of the Si II line polarization
• Three dimensional magnetorotational core-collapse supernova explosions of a 39 solar mass progenitor star
• The imprints of the last jets in core collapse supernovae
• The chemical signature of jet-driven hypernovae
• Type Ib/Ic supernovae: effect of nickel mixing on the early-time color evolution and implications for the progenitors
• On the observational behaviour of the highly polarized Type IIn supernova SN 2017hcc
• A Generalized Semi-Analytic Model for Magnetar-Driven Supernovae
• The two promising scenarios to explode core collapse supernovae
• Late-Phase Spectropolarimetric Observations of Superluminous Supernova SN 2017egm to Probe the Geometry of the Inner Ejecta
• The 3D shape of Type IIb SN 2011hs
• Systematic investigation of the effect of 56Ni mixing in the early photospheric velocity evolution of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Multi-band polarization of Type IIP supernovae due to light echo from circumstellar dust
• Optical polarization and spectral properties of the H-poor superluminous supernovae SN 2021bnw and SN 2021fpl
• Gravitational Waves from the Propagation of Long Gamma-Ray Burst jets
• The Chemical Evolution of Iron-Peak Elements with Hypernovae
• Circumstellar Light Echo as a Possible Origin of the Polarization of Type IIP Supernovae
• Multi-Peaked Non-Thermal Light Curves from Magnetar-Powered Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Storing magnetic fields in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
• The shape of SN 1993J re-analyzed
• An axisymmetric shock breakout indicated by prompt polarized emission from the type II supernova 2024ggi
• The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars