Perspectives on Core-Collapse Supernova Theory

Abstract

Core-collapse theory brings together many facets of high-energy and nuclear astrophysics and the numerical arts to present theorists with one of the most important, yet frustrating, astronomical questions: "What is the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions?" A review of all the physics and the fifty-year history involved would soon bury the reader in minutiae that could easily obscure the essential elements of the phenomenon, as we understand it today. Moreover, much remains to be discovered and explained, and a complicated review of an unresolved subject in flux could grow stale fast. Therefore, in this paper I describe what I think are various important facts and perspectives that may have escaped the attention of those interested in this puzzle. Furthermore, I attempt to describe the modern theory's physical underpinnings and briefly summarize the current state of play. In the process, I identify a few myths (as I see them) that have crept into modern discourse. However, there is much more to do and humility in the face of this age-old challenge is clearly the most prudent stance as we seek its eventual resolution.

To appear in Reviews of Modern Physics; 28 pages, including twelve figures (most in color)

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• Nonlinear Saturation of g-modes in Proto-Neutron Stars: Quieting the Acoustic Engine
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Cited by in corpus (305)

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• Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Theory
• A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
• The r-process nucleosynthesis in the various jet-like explosions of magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae
• The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae
• Merging black hole binaries: the effects of progenitor's metallicity, mass-loss rate and Eddington factor
• Supernova Simulations from a 3D Progenitor Model -- Impact of Perturbations and Evolution of Explosion Properties
• Neutrino-driven explosion of a 20 solar-mass star in three dimensions enabled by strange-quark contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering
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• An Open-Source Neutrino Radiation Hydrodynamics Code for Core-Collapse Supernovae
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• Coupled-cluster calculations of nucleonic matter
• Nuclear equation of state for core-collapse supernova simulations with realistic nuclear forces
• New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas
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• Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons
• Constraining the nuclear matter equation of state around twice saturation density
• r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos
• Is there a supernova bound on axions?
• Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum at Earth: Sources and Spectral Components
• Fornax: a Flexible Code for Multiphysics Astrophysical Simulations
• Natal Kicks of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Asymmetric Mass Ejection in Fallback Supernovae
• Abundance Profiling of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars and Supernova Properties in the Early Universe
• The impact of mass-transfer physics on the observable properties of field binary black hole populations
• A new multidimensional, energy-dependent two-moment transport code for neutrino-hydrodynamics
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• The Dynamics of Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions after Shock Revival in 2D and 3D
• On the minimum mass of neutron stars
• Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Stripped Supernovae to Improve Their Identifications and Constrain Their Progenitors
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• Impact of weak interactions of free nucleons on the r-process in dynamical ejecta from neutron-star mergers
• The Initial mass function of the first stars inferred from extremely metal-poor stars
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• Systematic Features of Axisymmetric Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Models in Multiple Progenitors
• High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Multiple Progenitors
• Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics
• Gravitational Wave Emission from 3D Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Low and Normal Explosion Energies
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations of massive and rotating progenitors
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• Plasma Physics of Extreme Astrophysical Environments
• An Optically Targeted Search for Gravitational Waves emitted by Core-Collapse Supernovae during the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry III: Nucleosynthesis Yields
• SpECTRE: A Task-based Discontinuous Galerkin Code for Relativistic Astrophysics
• Pushing 1D CCSNe to explosions: model and SN 1987A
• Magnetorotational Explosion of A Massive Star Supported by Neutrino Heating in General Relativistic Three Dimensional Simulations
• Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Correlated Signatures of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Emission in Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Iron-Group Abundances in the Metal-Poor Main Sequence Turnoff Star HD~84937
• Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Multi-Dimensional Transport
• Flavor-dependent neutrino angular distribution in core-collapse supernovae
• Simulating Turbulence-aided Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernova Explosions in One Dimension
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Normal Type II Supernovae
• Three-dimensional Boltzmann-Hydro code for core-collapse in massive stars I. special relativistic treatments
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion Modes in Multidimensional Core-collapse Supernova Models: the Role of the Asymmetric Neutrino Distributions
• Shock breakout theory
• Supernova 2012aw - a high-energy clone of archetypal type IIP SN 1999em
• Neutrino-nucleon scattering in supernova matter from the virial expansion
• The Bubble-like Interior of the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
• The production of proton-rich isotopes beyond iron: The $\gamma$ process in stars
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
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• Measuring the Angular Momentum Distribution in Core-Collapse Supernova Progenitors with Gravitational Waves
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• Neutrino-driven explosions of ultra-stripped type Ic supernovae generating binary neutron stars
• A First Targeted Search for Gravitational-Wave Bursts from Core-Collapse Supernovae in Data of First-Generation Laser Interferometer Detectors
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• Equation of state effects in the core collapse of a $20$-$M_{\odot }$ star
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry II: Explodability and Global Properties
• Supernova Explosions of Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Multicolor Light Curves of Electron-Capture Supernovae
• A Parametrized Equation of State for Neutron Star Matter with Continuous Sound Speed
• On the characteristics of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models
• Equation of State Dependent Dynamics and Multimessenger Signals from Stellar-mass Black Hole Formation
• Conservative 3+1 General Relativistic Variable Eddington Tensor Radiation Transport Equations
• Improved Leakage-Equilibration-Absorption Scheme (ILEAS) for Neutrino Physics in Compact Object Mergers
• Gravitational wave asteroseismology with protoneutron stars
• Impact of Neutrino Opacities on Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Should One Use the Ray-by-Ray Approximation in Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations?
• The Role of the Electron Mass in Damping Chiral Magnetic Instability in Supernova and Neutron Stars
• Characterizing SASI- and Convection-Dominated Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions in Two Dimensions
• Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Neutrino Emission as Diagnostics of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• A New Method to Observe Gravitational Waves emitted by Core Collapse Supernovae
• Nuclear matrix elements from lattice QCD for electroweak and beyond-Standard-Model processes
• A new equation of state for core-collapse supernovae based on realistic nuclear forces and including a full nuclear ensemble
• A Detailed Comparison of Multi-Dimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Nuclear Equation of state for Compact Stars and Supernovae
• The Collapse and Three-Dimensional Explosion of Three-Dimensional, vis à vis One-Dimensional, Massive-star Supernova Progenitor Models
• Exciting Prospects for Detecting Late-Time Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Chiral effects in astrophysics and cosmology
• Gone without a bang: An archival HST survey for disappearing massive stars
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• Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background from extensive core-collapse simulations of $8$-$100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ progenitors
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• The Essential Character of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
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• Implications of the Gravitational Wave Event GW150914
• Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Approach to Nuclear Pasta at Finite Temperature
• Uncertainties in Galactic Chemical Evolution Models
• The impact of non-dipolar magnetic fields in core-collapse supernovae
• Charged-Current Muonic Reactions in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Impacts of Rotation on Three-dimensional Hydrodynamics of Core-collapse Supernovae
• Binary-Stripped Stars as Core-Collapse Supernovae Progenitors
• Gamma-ray Astrophysics in the MeV Range: the ASTROGAM Concept and Beyond
• Self-induced flavor conversion of supernova neutrinos on small scales
• Microscopic equation of state of hot nuclear matter for numerical relativity simulations
• Spectrum of the Supernova Relic Neutrino Background and Metallicity Evolution of Galaxies
• Parameterizing the Supernova Engine and its Effects on Remnants and Basic Yields
• Multi-dimensional Features of Neutrino Transfer in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Core-collapse supernovae stymie secret neutrino interactions
• Nuclear matter properties from local chiral interactions with $\Delta$ isobar intermediate states
• Observing Supernova Neutrino Light Curves with Super-Kamiokande: Expected Event Number over 10 s
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• Conservative 3+1 General Relativistic Boltzmann Equation
• Shock-Turbulence Interaction in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Towards Powerful Probes of Neutrino Self-Interactions in Supernovae
• Gadolinium in water Cherenkov detectors improves detection of supernova ${\nu }_e$
• Self-modulated laser wakefield accelerators as x-ray sources
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• Neutrino Signals of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Underground Detectors
• Simulations of the Early Post-Bounce Phase of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three-Dimensional Space with Full Boltzmann Neutrino Transport
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• Gmunu: Paralleled, grid-adaptive, general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in curvilinear geometries in dynamical spacetimes
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• Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production
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• Nucleosynthesis of elements between Sr and Ag in neutron- and proton-rich neutrino-driven winds
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• Inferring the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism with three-dimensional gravitational-wave simulations
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• Angular momentum redistribution by SASI spiral modes and consequences for neutron star spins
• Highlights and Discoveries from the Chandra X-ray Observatory
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• An Atlas of Convection in Main-Sequence Stars
• The Role of the Hadron-Quark Phase Transition in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Influence of density dependence of symmetry energy in hot and dense matter for supernova simulations
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• Connecting the Light Curves of Type IIP Supernovae to the Properties of their Progenitors
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• Detailed X-Ray Mapping of the Shocked Ejecta and Circumstellar Medium in the Galactic Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8
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• The Role of Nucleon Strangeness in Supernova Explosions
• The Supernova -- Supernova Remnant Connection
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• Structure Factors for Hot Neutron Matter from Ab Initio Lattice Simulations with High-Fidelity Chiral Interactions
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• Neutrino spin oscillations in polarized matter
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• Implosion-explosion in supernovae
• Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Supernova Gravitational Wave Signal Classification
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• Influence of the effective mass on the properties of nuclear matter at finite density and temperature
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• Synthesis of radioactive elements in novae and supernovae and their use as a diagnostic tool
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• Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung from nucleon-$\alpha$ versus nucleon-nucleon scattering
• Nonlinear evolution of fast neutrino flavor conversion in the preshock region of core-collapse supernovae
• Self Similar Adiabatic Strong Explosion in a Medium Gravitationally Free Falling to a Point Mass
• Core-Collapse Supernovae: From Neutrino-Driven 1D Explosions to Light Curves and Spectra
• Taking Neutrino Pictures via Electrons
• Non-Standard Neutrino Self-Interactions Can Cause Neutrino Flavor Equipartition Inside the Supernova Core
• Neutrino-Neutron Scattering Opacities in Supernova Matter
• On the character of turbulence in self-consistent models of core-collapse supernovae
• Kinetic Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities
• Relativistic Gravitational Collapse by Thermal Mass
• Emission of neutrino-antineutrino pairs by hadronic bremsstrahlung processes
• Constraints on Weak Supernova Kicks from Observed Pulsar Velocities
• Convection signatures in early-time gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae
• Does Cosmological Evolution Select for Technology?
• New Skyrme parametrizations to describe finite nuclei and neutron star matter with realistic effective masses. II. Adjusting the spin-dependent terms
• Linear Analysis of the Shock Instability in Core-collapse Supernovae: Influences of Acoustic Power and Fluctuations of Neutrino Luminosity
• P-stars in the gravitational wave era
• Nuclear Drip Line and the Composition of Supernova Matter
• Uncertainties in the production of iron-group nuclides in core-collapse supernovae from Monte Carlo variations of reaction rates
• Properties of rapidly rotating hot neutron stars within Brueckner theory
• Supernova origin of galactic turbulence revealed by superbubbles