Gravitational wave asteroseismology with protoneutron stars

Abstract

We examine the time evolution of the frequencies of the gravitational wave after the bounce within the framework of relativistic linear perturbation theory using the results of one dimensional numerical simulations of core-collapse supernovae. Protoneutron star models are constructed in such a way that the mass and radius of protoneutron star become equivalent to the results obtained from the numerical simulations. Then, we find that the frequencies of gravitational waves radiating from protoneutron stars strongly depend on the mass and radius of protoneutron stars, but almost independently of the profiles of electron fraction and entropy per baryon inside the star. Additionally, we find that the frequencies of gravitational waves can be characterized by the square root of the average density of protoneutron star irrespectively the progenitor models, which are completely different from the empirical formula for cold neutron stars. The dependence of the spectra on the mass and radius is different from that of the $g$-mode: the oscillations around the surface of protoneutron stars due to the convection and the standing accretion-shock instability. Careful observations of the these modes of gravitational waves can determine the evolution of the mass and radius of protoneutron stars after core-bounce. Furthermore, the expected frequencies of gravitational waves are around a few hundred hertz in the early stage after bounce, which must be a good candidate for the ground-based gravitational wave detectors.

accepted for publication in PRD

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• Possible effects of collective neutrino oscillations in the three flavor multi-angle simulations on supernova $\nu p$ process
• Accuracy of relativistic Cowling approximation in protoneutron star asteroseismology
• Dimension dependence of numerical simulations on gravitational waves from protoneutron stars
• Determination of properties of protoneutron stars toward black hole formation via gravitational wave observations
• Neutron star asteroseismology and nuclear saturation parameter
• Insights into non-axisymmetric instabilities in three-dimensional rotating supernova models with neutrino and gravitational-wave signatures
• Two-dimensional numerical study for magnetic field dependence of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova models
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• Three approaches for the classification of protoneutron star oscillation modes
• Estimating the nuclear saturation parameter via low-mass neutron star asteroseismology
• Gravitational wave asteroseismology on cooling neutron stars
• Long-term gravitational wave asteroseismology of supernova: from core collapse to 20 seconds postbounce
• Stability of the protoneutron stars toward black hole formation
• Non-radial oscillations in newly born compact star considering effects of phase transition
• Parameter estimation of protoneutron stars from gravitational wave signals using the Hilbert-Huang transform
• Early evolution of newly born proto-neutron stars