Neutrino-driven Explosions

Abstract

The question why and how core-collapse supernovae (SNe) explode is one of the central and most long-standing riddles of stellar astrophysics. A solution is crucial for deciphering the SN phenomenon, for predicting observable signals such as light curves and spectra, nucleosynthesis, neutrinos, and gravitational waves, for defining the role of SNe in the evolution of galaxies, and for explaining the birth conditions and properties of neutron stars (NSs) and stellar-mass black holes. Since the formation of such compact remnants releases over hundred times more energy in neutrinos than the SN in the explosion, neutrinos can be the decisive agents for powering the SN outburst. According to the standard paradigm of the neutrino-driven mechanism, the energy transfer by the intense neutrino flux to the medium behind the stagnating core-bounce shock, assisted by violent hydrodynamic mass motions (sometimes subsumed by the term "turbulence"), revives the outward shock motion and thus initiates the SN blast. Because of the weak coupling of neutrinos in the region of this energy deposition, detailed, multidimensional hydrodynamic models including neutrino transport and a wide variety of physics are needed to assess the viability of the mechanism. Owing to advanced numerical codes and increasing supercomputer power, considerable progress has been achieved in our understanding of the physical processes that have to act in concert for the success of neutrino-driven explosions. First studies begin to reveal observational implications and avenues to test the theoretical picture by data from individual SNe and SN remnants but also from population-integrated observables. While models will be further refined, a real breakthrough is expected through the next Galactic core-collapse SN, when neutrinos and gravitational waves can be used to probe the conditions deep inside the dying star. (abridged)

Author version of chapter for 'Handbook of Supernovae,' edited by A. Alsabti and P. Murdin, Springer. 54 pages, 13 figures

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Cited by in corpus (73)

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• The Overarching Framework of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions as Revealed by 3D Fornax Simulations
• New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas
• The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved With Mass Loss
• Muonic Boson Limits: Supernova Redux
• Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum at Earth: Sources and Spectral Components
• An Optically Targeted Search for Gravitational Waves emitted by Core-Collapse Supernovae during the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Gravitational waves from three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models: The impact of moderate progenitor rotation
• A meta analysis of core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses
• Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
• Hydrodynamical Neutron-star Kicks in Electron-capture Supernovae and Implications for the CRAB Supernova
• SNEWS 2.0: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multi-messenger Astronomy
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversions can Help and Hinder Neutrino-Driven Explosions
• Universal relations for gravitational-wave asteroseismology of proto-neutron stars
• Synthetic catalog of black holes in the Milky Way
• Hydrodynamic simulations unravel the progenitor-supernova-remnant connection in SN 1987A
• Equation of State Dependence of Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Stellar Mass Black Hole Formation and Multi-messenger Signals from Three Dimensional Rotating Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Comparing treatments of weak reactions with nuclei in simulations of core-collapse supernovae
• Core-collapse supernovae stymie secret neutrino interactions
• Observing Supernova Neutrino Light Curves with Super-Kamiokande: Expected Event Number over 10 s
• What can we learn on supernova neutrino spectra with water Cherenkov detectors?
• The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos
• The imprints of the last jets in core collapse supernovae
• Supernova Emission of Secretly Interacting Neutrino Fluid: Theoretical Foundations
• Comprehensive constraints on heavy sterile neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae
• JWST NIRSpec observations of Supernova 1987A -- from the inner ejecta to the reverse shock
• New method for detecting fast neutrino flavor conversions in core-collapse supernova models with two-moment neutrino transport
• Low-luminosity type IIP supernovae: SN 2005cs and SN 2020cxd as very low-energy iron core-collapse explosions
• Gravitational-wave Signals From Three-dimensional Supernova Simulations With Different Neutrino-Transport Methods
• Measurement of the core-collapse progenitor mass distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Robust measurement of supernova ${\nu }_e$ spectra with future neutrino detectors
• Circular polarization of gravitational waves from non-rotating supernova cores: a new probe into the pre-explosion hydrodynamics
• Gravitational wave signature of proto-neutron star convection: I. MHD numerical simulations
• Influence of density dependence of symmetry energy in hot and dense matter for supernova simulations
• Convection-Aided Explosions in One-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations I: Technique and Validation
• Gravitational waves and neutrino oscillations in Chern-Simons axion gravity
• Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search
• Non-Universal Stellar Initial Mass Functions: Large Uncertainties in Star Formation Rates at $z\approx 2-4$ and Other Astrophysical Probes
• Resolving the puzzle of type IIP SN 2016X
• Application of the Hilbert-Huang transform for analyzing standing-accretion-shock-instability induced gravitational waves in a core-collapse supernova
• Enormous explosion energy of Type IIP SN 2017gmr with bipolar Ni-56 ejecta
• 3D modeling from the onset of the SN to the full-fledged SNR: Role of an initial ejecta anisotropy on matter mixing
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• Impact of late-time neutrino emission on the diffuse supernova neutrino background
• Non-thermal neutrinos created by shock acceleration in successful and failed core-collapse supernova
• Dissipative dark matter halos: The steady state solution
• Effects of nuclear matter and composition in core-collapse supernovae and long-term proto-neutron star cooling
• Filamentary Ejecta Network in Cassiopeia~A Reveals Fingerprints of the Supernova Explosion Mechanism
• The explosion energy of the type IIP supernova SN 2013fs with a confined dense circumstellar shell
• Statistical tests of young radio pulsars with/without supernova remnants: implying two origins of neutron stars
• SN 2008iy circumstellar interaction: Bright and lesser light effect
• Kilonova ejecta opacity inferred from new large-scale HFR atomic calculations in all elements between Ca (Z = 20) and Lr (Z = 103)
• Supernovae from stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer: Implications for Type IIP, 1987A-like and interacting supernovae
• Tracing the ejecta structure of SN 1987A: Insights and diagnostics from 3D MHD simulations
• Equation of state in neutron stars and supernovae
• The initial mass-remnant mass relation for core collapse supernovae
• Hidden shock powering the peak of SN 2020faa
• The impact of mass uncertainties on the r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers
• Building spectral templates and reconstructing parameters for core collapse supernovae with CASTOR
• Axion-like Particles from Hypernovae
• Analyzing the time spectrum of supernova neutrinos to constrain their effective mass or Lorentz Invariance Violation
• On the character of turbulence in self-consistent models of core-collapse supernovae
• Asymmetric emissions of neutrinos in the cooling of rotating proto-neutron stars
• The influence of rotation and metallicity on the explodability of massive stars
• XMM-Newton Observations of the High Temperature Plasma in the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N132D
• Do FRB Mark Dark Core Collapse?
• Cold Collapse and Bounce of an FLRW Cloud
• A New Versatile Code for Gamma-Ray Monte-Carlo Radiative Transfer
• Supernova $\nu$ flavour conversions in DUNE: the slow, the fast and the standard
• Neutrino Driven Explosions aided by Axion Cooling in Multidimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Signatures of electromagnetic and sound radiation produced by gravitational waves in core-collapse supernovae