The Compactness of Presupernova Stellar Cores

Abstract

The success or failure of the neutrino-transport mechanism for producing a supernova in an evolved massive star is known to be sensitive not only to the mass of the iron core that collapses, but also to the density gradient in the silicon and oxygen shells surrounding that core. Here we study the systematics of a presupernova core's "compactness" (O'Connor & Ott 2011) as a function of the mass of the star and the physics used in its calculation. Fine-meshed surveys of presupernova evolution are calculated for stars from 15 to 65 Msun. The metallicity and the efficiency of semiconvection and overshoot mixing are both varied and bare carbon-oxygen cores are explored as well as full hydrogenic stars. Two different codes, KEPLER and MESA, are used for the study. A complex interplay of carbon and oxygen burning, especially in shells, can cause rapid variations in the compactness for stars of very nearly the same mass. On larger scales, the distribution of compactness with main sequence mass is found to be robustly non-monotonic, implying islands of "explodability", particularly around 8 to 20 Msun and 25 to 30 Msun. The carbon-oxygen (CO) core mass of a presupernova star is a better, though still ambiguous discriminant of its core structure than the main sequence mass.

23 pages, 28 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• The nucleosynthesis of Al26 and Fe60 in solar metallicity stars extending in mass from 11 to 120 Msun: the hydrostatic and explosive contributions
• The Supernova Channel of Super-AGB Stars
• The Progenitor Dependence of the Preexplosion Neutrino Emission in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The 12C + 12C reaction and the impact on nucleosynthesis in massive stars
• On the Sensitivity of Massive Star Nucleosynthesis and Evolution to Solar Abundances and to Uncertainties in Helium Burning Reaction Rates

Cited by in corpus (203)

• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M${}_{\odot }$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M${}_{\odot }$ Compact Object
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results
• Formation of Double Neutron Star Systems
• Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
• The Remarkable Deaths of 9 - 11 Solar Mass Stars
• The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: confirmation of a disappearing star
• High Resolution Study of Presupernova Compactness
• The Evolution of Massive Helium Stars Including Mass Loss
• The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields
• A Simple Approach to the Supernova Progenitor-Explosion Connection
• Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
• Unifying Type II Supernova Light Curves with Dense Circumstellar Material
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors
• The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved With Mass Loss
• NuGrid Stellar Data Set. II. Stellar Yields from H to Bi for Stellar Models with Mzams = 1 to 25Msun and Z = 0.0001 to 0.02
• Measuring the Progenitor Masses and Dense Circumstellar Material of Type II Supernovae
• Luminous Blue Variables and superluminous supernovae from binary mergers
• Different to the core: the pre-supernova structures of massive single and binary-stripped stars
• What can be learned from a future supernova neutrino detection?
• Pre-supernova evolution, compact object masses and explosion properties of stripped binary stars
• Investigating the properties of stripped-envelope supernovae, what are the implications for their progenitors?
• A Systematic Survey of the Effects of Wind Mass Loss Algorithms on the Evolution of Single Massive Stars
• Stellar Evolution in AGN Disks
• Systematic Features of Axisymmetric Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Models in Multiple Progenitors
• On Variations Of Pre-Supernova Model Properties
• The Last Minutes of Oxygen Shell Burning in a Massive Star
• Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• An upper limit to the energy of gamma-ray bursts indicates that GRB/SNe are powered by magnetars
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry III: Nucleosynthesis Yields
• On The Intrinsic Diversity of Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• Pushing 1D CCSNe to explosions: model and SN 1987A
• Towards a Realistic Explosion Landscape for Binary Population Synthesis
• Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Mass Ejection in Failed Supernovae: Variation with Stellar Progenitor
• Simulating Turbulence-aided Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernova Explosions in One Dimension
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Normal Type II Supernovae
• Grids of stellar models with rotation IV. Models from 1.7 to 120 Msun at a metallicity Z = 0.0004
• Hydrodynamical Neutron-star Kicks in Electron-capture Supernovae and Implications for the CRAB Supernova
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• On the observability of individual Population III stars and their stellar-mass black hole accretion disks through cluster caustic transits
• Neutrino-driven explosions of ultra-stripped type Ic supernovae generating binary neutron stars
• One-, Two-, and Three-dimensional Simulations of Oxygen Shell Burning Just Before the Core-Collapse of Massive Stars
• Idealised hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent oxygen-burning shell convection in 4π geometry
• Nucleosynthesis in a Primordial Supernova: Carbon and Oxygen Abundances in SMSS J031300.36-670839.31
• The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry II: Explodability and Global Properties
• The red supergiant and supernova rate problems: implications for core-collapse supernova physics
• Observing intermediate-mass black holes and the upper--stellar-mass gap with LIGO and Virgo
• Metallicity of stars formed throughout the cosmic history based on the observational properties of star forming galaxies
• Large-Scale Mixing in a Violent Oxygen-Neon Shell Merger Prior to a Core-Collapse Supernova
• Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande
• Formation channels of single and binary stellar-mass black holes
• The Evolution and Properties of Rotating Massive Star Populations
• The GRB-SLSN Connection: mis-aligned magnetars, weak jet emergence, and observational signatures
• Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Shock Cooling Emission from Extended Material Revisited
• Missing Red Supergiants and Carbon Burning
• Constraints on Core Collapse from the Black Hole Mass Function
• Predicting the Presence of Companions for Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: The Case of the Broad-Lined Type Ic SN 2002ap
• New Neutron-Capture Site in Massive Pop III and Pop II Stars as a Source for Heavy Elements in the Early Galaxy
• Massive star evolution : rotation, winds, and overshooting vectors in the Mass-Luminosity plane I. A calibrated grid of rotating single star models
• The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: a new candidate and the failed SN fraction with 11 yr of data
• Magnetar-Powered Supernovae in Two Dimensions. I. Superluminous Supernovae
• Supernova Simulations Confront SN 1987A Neutrinos
• The Supernova Progenitor Mass Distributions of M31 and M33: Further Evidence for an Upper Mass Limit
• Gone without a bang: An archival HST survey for disappearing massive stars
• The $\nu$ process in the light of an improved understanding of supernova neutrino spectra
• Role of core-collapse supernovae in explaining Solar System abundances of p nuclides
• Supernova 1987A: neutrino-driven explosions in three dimensions and light curves
• Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background from extensive core-collapse simulations of $8$-$100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ progenitors
• PUSHing core-collapse supernovae to explosions in spherical symmetry IV: Explodability, remnant properties and nucleosynthesis yields of low metallicity stars
• Accretion onto Stars in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The presupernova core mass-radius relation of massive stars: understanding its formation and evolution
• The Formation of Stellar Black Holes
• The Most Luminous Supernovae
• The Deaths of Very Massive Stars
• Pulsational pair-instability supernovae: gravitational collapse, black-hole formation, and beyond
• Numerical Modeling of the Early Light Curves of Type IIP Supernovae
• Confronting Models of Massive Star Evolution and Explosions with Remnant Mass Measurements
• Binary-Stripped Stars as Core-Collapse Supernovae Progenitors
• Convective H-He Interactions in Massive Population III Stellar Evolution Models
• The Mass Distribution of Population III Stars
• Supernova Progenitors, Their Variability, and the Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16fq in M66
• The fates of massive stars: exploring uncertainties in stellar evolution with METISSE
• Pre-supernova evolution and final fate of stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer
• Pre-collapse Properties of Superluminous Supernovae and Long Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor Models
• The role of supernova convection for the lower mass gap in the isolated binary formation of gravitational wave sources
• The Black Hole Formation Probability
• The criterion of supernova explosion revisited: the mass accretion history
• Signatures of Circumstellar Interaction in the Type IIL Supernova ASASSN-15oz
• Convective Properties of Rotating Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Progenitors
• Properties of Convective Oxygen and Silicon Burning Shells in Supernova Progenitors
• Nucleosynthesis of binary-stripped stars
• The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties On The Evolution of Core-Collapse Supernova Progenitors
• Core-collapse supernovae ages and metallicities from emission-line diagnostics of nearby stellar populations
• Revisiting the explodability of single massive star progenitors of stripped-envelope supernovae
• The quiescent progenitors of four Type II-P/L supernovae
• Bimodal black-hole mass distribution and chirp masses of binary black-hole mergers
• Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• Presupernova neutrino events relating to the final evolution of massive stars
• Impact of binary interactions on the diffuse supernova neutrino background
• It's written in the massive stars: The role of stellar physics in the formation of black holes
• The effect of the environment-dependent IMF on the formation and metallicities of stars over the cosmic history
• Transparent Helium in Stripped Envelope Supernovae
• On the Formation of Galactic Black Hole Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• Convective overshooting and penetration in a Boussinesq spherical shell
• A new scenario for magnetar formation: Tayler-Spruit dynamo in a proto-neutron star spun up by fallback
• High-Cadence, Early-Time Observations of Core-Collapse Supernovae From the TESS Prime Mission
• Very Low Energy Supernovae: Light Curves and Spectra of Shock Breakout
• Comparing Compact Object Distributions from Mass- and Presupernova Core Structure-based Prescriptions
• Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments. II. Type I supernovae and compact remnants
• Progenitor Mass Distribution of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants in Our Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds based on Elemental Abundances
• Extreme Supernova Models for the Superluminous Transient ASASSN-15lh
• Convective boundary mixing in a post-He core burning massive star model
• The role of core-collapse physics in the observability of black-hole neutron-star mergers as multi-messenger sources
• On The Development of Multidimensional Progenitor Models For Core-collapse Supernovae
• Explaining the differences in massive star models from various simulations
• The cosmic carbon footprint of massive stars stripped in binary systems
• Mass and Metallicity Requirement in Stellar Models for Galactic Chemical Evolution Applications
• Mass ejection in failed supernovae: equation of state and neutrino loss dependence
• The Impact of Black Hole Formation on Population Averaged Supernova Yields
• A Solar System formation analogue in the Ophiuchus star-forming complex
• Measurement of the core-collapse progenitor mass distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Role of the Hadron-Quark Phase Transition in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Main Sequence Evolution with Layered Semiconvection
• Unequal-mass, highly-spinning binary black hole mergers in the stable mass transfer formation channel
• Fast-rotating massive Population~III stars as possible sources of extreme N-enrichment in high-redshift galaxies
• Spatially resolved X-ray study of supernova remnants that host magnetars: Implication of their fossil field origin
• Magnetar Powered Ordinary Type IIP Supernovae
• Stripped-Envelope Stars in Different Metallicity Environments I. Evolutionary Phases, Classification and Populations
• Stellar Core-Merger-Induced Collapse: New Formation Pathways for Black Holes, Thorne-$\dot{\mathrm{Z}}$ytkow objects, Magnetars and Superluminous Supernovae
• Magnetar-Powered Supernovae in Two Dimensions. II. Broad-Line Supernovae Ic
• Shock Breakout in Dense Circumstellar Material with Application to PS1-13arp
• New \textsl{s}-process Mechanism in Rapidly-Rotating Massive Pop II Stars
• Numerically Modeling the First Peak of the Type IIb SN 2016gkg
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetar-Powered Superluminous Supernovae
• The magneto-rotational instability in massive stars
• Explodability criteria for the neutrino-driven supernova mechanism
• Mass-transferring binary stars as progenitors of interacting hydrogen-free supernovae
• Monte Carlo population synthesis on massive star binaries: Astrophysical implications for gravitational wave sources
• Monotonicity of the cores of massive stars
• SN 2015ba: A type IIP supernova with a long plateau
• Testing a one-dimensional prescription of dynamical shear mixing with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation
• An Exceptional Dimming Event for a Massive, Cool Supergiant in M51
• Effective Helium Burning Rates and the Production of the Neutrino Nuclei
• Possible Signatures of Ejecta-Companion Interaction in iPTF 13bvn
• Explodability fluctuations of massive stellar cores enable asymmetric compact object mergers such as GW190814
• Estimating the core compactness of massive stars with Galactic supernova neutrinos
• The Impact of Initial-Final Mass Relations on Black Hole Microlensing
• Bridging the Gap between Intermediate and Massive Stars I: Validation of MESA against the State-of-the-Art Monash Stellar Evolution Program for a 2$M_{\odot }$ AGB Star
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Density Profiles of Collapsed Rotating Massive Stars Favor Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Constraining the final fates of massive stars by oxygen and iron enrichment history in the Galaxy
• Type IIP Supernova Progenitors and their explodability I: Convective Overshoot, Blue Loops and Surface Composition
• The birth mass function of neutron stars
• Reducing Uncertainties in the Production of the Gamma Emitting Nuclei 26Al, 44Ti, and 60Fe in Core Collapse Supernovae by Using Effective Helium Burning Rates
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Explaining the ${}^{12}\text{C}{/}^{13}\text{C}$ ratio in the Galactic halo: the contribution from shell mergers in primordial massive stars
• Compactness peaks: An astrophysical interpretation of the mass distribution of merging binary black holes
• The Masses of Supernova Remnant Progenitors in NGC 6946
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• Parameterisations of thermal bomb explosions for core-collapse supernovae and 56Ni production
• Failed supernovae as a natural explanation for the binary black hole mass distribution
• Stellar Neutrino Emission Across The Mass-Metallicity Plane
• The Extremely Metal-Poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-Redshift Type II Supernovae
• Low-Energy Supernovae Bounds on Sterile Neutrinos
• No evidence for a dip in the binary black hole mass spectrum
• The effects of rotation, metallicity and magnetic field on the islands of failed supernovae
• The formation of the stripped envelope type II b Supernova progenitors: Rotation, Metallicity and Overshooting
• The Force Explosion Condition is Consistent with Spherically Symmetric CCSN Explosions
• Progenitors of Long-Duration Gamma-ray Bursts
• Supernovae from stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer: Implications for Type IIP, 1987A-like and interacting supernovae
• Chromium Nucleosynthesis and Silicon-Carbon Shell Mergers in Massive Stars
• The fate of rotating massive stars across cosmic times
• Dark Age of Type II Supernova Remnants
• Variety of disk wind-driven explosions in massive rotating stars
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• Abundance Pattern Fitting with Bayesian Inference: Constraining First Stars' Properties and Their Explosion Mechanism with Extremely Metal-poor Stars
• The structure and evolution of a high-mass stellar merger in the Hertzsprung gap
• Evolving massive stars to core collapse with GENEC: Extension of equation of state, opacities and effective nuclear network
• Neutrino flavour as a test of the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae
• Carbon from massive binary-stripped stars over cosmic time: effect of metallicity
• A Multiwavelength Classification and Study of Red Supergiant Candidates in NGC 6946
• Bridging the Gap: From Massive Stars to Supernovae
• The influence of rotation and metallicity on the explodability of massive stars
• Neutrinos from Diffuse Supernova Background
• Convection signatures in early-time gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae
• The Impact of the New ${}^{59}$Fe Decay Rates on ${}^{60}$Fe and ${}^{26}$Al Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
• On the desert between neutron star and black hole remnants
• Astrometric microlensing probes of the isolated neutron star population with Roman
• Chemical element transport in stellar evolution models
• A Black Hole is Born: 3D GRMHD Simulation of Black Hole Formation from Core-Collapse
• Massive star evolution revealed in the Mass-Luminosity plane
• Formation of black holes from He stars
• Massive stars evolution: feedbacks in low-Z environment
• Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase