Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments. II. Type I supernovae and compact remnants

Abstract

Stripped-envelope stars can be observed as Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, or as less luminous hydrogen-poor stars with low mass loss rates and transparent winds. Both types are potential progenitors of Type I core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We use grids of core-collapse models obtained from helium stars at different metallicities to study the effects of metallicity on the transients and remnants these stars produce. We characterise the surface and core properties of our core collapse models, and investigate their explodability employing three criteria. In cases where explosions are predicted, we estimate the ejecta mass, explosion energy, nickel mass and neutron star (NS) mass. Otherwise, we predict the mass of the resulting black hole (BH). We construct a simplified population model, and find that the properties SNe and compact objects depend strongly on metallicity. Ejecta masses and explosion energies for Type Ic SNe are best reproduced by models with Z=0.04 which exhibit strong winds during core helium burning. This implies that either their mass loss rates are underestimated, or that Type Ic SN progenitors experience mass loss through other mechanisms before exploding. The distributions of ejecta masses, explosion energies and nickel mass for Type Ib SNe are not well reproduced by progenitor models with WR mass loss, but are better reproduced if we assume no mass loss in progenitors with luminosities below the minimum WR star luminosity. We find that Type Ic SNe become more common as metallicity increases, and that the vast majority of progenitors of Type Ib SNe must be transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars. We find several models with pre-collapse CO-masses of up to $\sim 30M_{\odot }$ may form $\sim 3M_{\odot }$ BHs in fallback SNe. This may carry important consequences for our understanding of SNe, binary BH and NS systems, X-ray binary systems and gravitational wave transients.

arXiv comment30 pages, 20 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (116)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M${}_{\odot }$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M${}_{\odot }$ Compact Object
• Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar
• A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
• Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae
• Mind your Ps and Qs: the Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars
• Compact Remnant Mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity
• Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
• The first gravitational-wave source from the isolated evolution of two 40-100 Msun stars
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• Black Hole Formation in Failing Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Formation of Double Neutron Star Systems
• Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution: Observational Campaign and Companion Detection
• Be/X-ray binaries
• Classical Be Stars: Rapidly Rotating B Stars with Viscous Keplerian Decretion Disks
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. III. The Rate-Size Relation, and the Rates as a Function of Galaxy Hubble Type and Colour
• Stellar evolution with rotation XI: Wolf-Rayet star populations at different metallicities
• Stellar evolution with rotation X: Wolf-Rayet star populations at solar metallicity
• Type Ib/c supernovae in binary systems I. Evolution and properties of the progenitor stars
• The First Systematic Study of Type Ibc Supernova Multi-band Light Curves
• A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
• Mind the gap: The location of the lower edge of the pair instability supernovae black hole mass gap
• Progenitors of gravitational wave mergers: Binary evolution with the stellar grid-based code ComBinE
• Formation of the first three gravitational-wave observations through isolated binary evolution
• On the formation history of Galactic double neutron stars
• The effect of the metallicity-specific star formation history on double compact object mergers
• The Compactness of Presupernova Stellar Cores
• Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole -- implications for massive star winds
• Formation of contact in massive close binaries
• Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014
• The 12C(a,g)16O reaction and its implications for stellar helium burning
• High Resolution Study of Presupernova Compactness
• Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae and Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts Have Similar Host Galaxies
• The Evolution of Massive Helium Stars Including Mass Loss
• A Simple Approach to the Supernova Progenitor-Explosion Connection
• Discovery, Progenitor & Early Evolution of a Stripped Envelope Supernova iPTF13bvn
• On the nature of supernovae Ib and Ic
• Core-collapse explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars and the connection to type IIb/Ib/Ic supernovae
• Constraints from gravitational wave detections of binary black hole mergers on the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{\left(\alpha ,\gamma \right)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ rate
• Characterizing Supernova Progenitors via the Metallicities of their Host Galaxies, from Poor Dwarfs to Rich Spirals
• Forming short-period Wolf-Rayet X-ray binaries and double black holes through stable mass transfer
• Host-Galaxy Properties of 32 Low-Redshift Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud: A comprehensive analysis of the WN class
• Spectral models for binary products: Unifying Subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars as a sequence of stripped-envelope stars
• The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: analysis of stripped-envelope supernova light curves
• The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved With Mass Loss
• How much H and He is "hidden" in SNe Ib/c? I. - low-mass objects
• Revisiting the Lick Observatory Supernova Search Volume-Limited Sample: Updated Classifications and Revised Stripped-Envelope Supernova Fractions
• The role of mass transfer and common envelope evolution in the formation of merging binary black holes
• Cosmic evolution and metal aversion in super-luminous supernova host galaxies
• Type Ib and IIb supernova progenitors in interacting binary systems
• Massive main sequence stars evolving at the Eddington limit
• The different progenitors of type Ib, Ic SNe, and of GRB
• On the nature of massive helium star winds and Wolf-Rayet-type mass loss
• Different to the core: the pre-supernova structures of massive single and binary-stripped stars
• The expansion of stripped-envelope stars: consequences for supernovae and gravitational-wave progenitors
• Ionizing spectra of stars that lose their envelope through interaction with a binary companion: role of metallicity
• Rotation-supported Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions in Three Dimensions and the Critical Luminosity Condition
• Progenitor Diagnostics for Stripped Core-Collapse Supernovae: Measured Metallicities at Explosion Sites
• Pre-supernova evolution, compact object masses and explosion properties of stripped binary stars
• The evolution of naked helium stars with a neutron-star companion in close binary systems
• The late stages of evolution of helium star-neutron star binaries and the formation of double neutron star systems
• Exploring the Lower Mass Gap and Unequal Mass Regime in Compact Binary Evolution
• On Variations Of Pre-Supernova Model Properties
• The Galactic WC and WO stars: The impact of revised distances from Gaia DR2 and their role as massive black hole progenitors
• The 12C(alpha,gamma)16O Reaction Rate and the Evolution of Stars in the Mass Range 0.8 < M/M(sun) < 25
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations of massive and rotating progenitors
• Towards a better understanding of the evolution of Wolf-Rayet stars and Type Ib/Ic supernova progenitors
• Simple recipes for compact remnant masses and natal kicks
• Evolutionary Models for Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors
• Towards a Realistic Explosion Landscape for Binary Population Synthesis
• Why binary interaction does not necessarily dominate the formation of Wolf-Rayet stars at low metallicity
• Properties of OB star-black hole systems derived from detailed binary evolution models
• Winds from stripped low-mass Helium stars and Wolf-Rayet stars
• A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon-oxygen-neon nebula
• Related progenitor models for long-duration gamma ray bursts and Type Ic superluminous supernovae
• Inferring supernova IIb/Ib/Ic ejecta properties from light curves and spectra: Correlations from radiative-transfer models
• On the nature and detectability of Type Ib/c supernova progenitors
• Be X-ray binaries in the SMC as indicators of mass transfer efficiency
• Massive donors in interacting binaries: effect of metallicity
• Detailed models of interacting short-period massive binary stars
• A Cool and Inflated Progenitor Candidate for the Type Ib Supernova 2019yvr at 2.6 Years Before Explosion
• Classifications of the Host Galaxies of Supernovae, Set III
• When are LIGO/Virgo's Big Black-Hole Mergers?
• The Birth Function for Black Holes and Neutron Stars in Close Binaries
• On the origin of GW190425
• A New Formation Channel for Double Neutron Stars Without Recycling: Implications for Gravitational Wave Detection
• Binary population synthesis with probabilistic remnant mass and kick prescriptions
• Missing Red Supergiants and Carbon Burning
• Predicting the Presence of Companions for Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: The Case of the Broad-Lined Type Ic SN 2002ap
• Partial-envelope stripping and nuclear-timescale mass transfer from evolved supergiants at low metallicity
• Supernovae Ib and Ic from the explosion of helium stars
• Effects of winds on the leftover hydrogen in massive stars following Roche lobe overflow
• The presupernova core mass-radius relation of massive stars: understanding its formation and evolution
• Host Galaxies of Type Ic and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Implication for Jet Production
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Implications for Additional Power Sources
• Helium Stars: Towards an Understanding of Wolf-Rayet Evolution
• Pre-collapse Properties of Superluminous Supernovae and Long Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor Models
• Wind mass-loss rates of stripped stars inferred from Cygnus X-1
• A new prescription for the mass-loss rates of WC and WO stars
• A Potential Progenitor for the Type Ic Supernova 2017ein
• Instabilities in the Envelopes and Winds of Very Massive Stars
• Taking stock of SLSN and LGRB host galaxy comparison using a complete sample of LGRBs
• Observational Properties of Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors in Binary Systems
• Stripped-Envelope Stars in Different Metallicity Environments I. Evolutionary Phases, Classification and Populations
• The Candidate Progenitor Companion Star of the Type Ib/c SN 2013ge
• Fallback supernova assembly of heavy binary neutron stars and light black hole-neutron star pairs and the common stellar ancestry of GW190425 and GW200115
• Explodability fluctuations of massive stellar cores enable asymmetric compact object mergers such as GW190814
• Thermonuclear and Electron-Capture Supernovae from Stripped-Envelope Stars
• Metallicity and X-ray luminosity variations in NGC 922

Cited by in corpus (21)

• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Pre-supernova evolution and final fate of stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer
• Bimodal black-hole mass distribution and chirp masses of binary black-hole mergers
• It's written in the massive stars: The role of stellar physics in the formation of black holes
• The orbital and physical properties of five southern Be+sdO binary systems
• Explodability criteria for the neutrino-driven supernova mechanism
• Mass-transferring binary stars as progenitors of interacting hydrogen-free supernovae
• Reverse Algols and hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars from very massive binaries
• Populations of evolved massive binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud I: Predictions from detailed evolution models
• A metallicity dependence on the occurrence of core-collapse supernovae
• Investigating 39 Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with VLTI/GRAVITY: Uncovering A Long Period Binary Desert
• The Demographics of Binary Companions to Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Confronting Observations with Population Synthesis
• Optical color of Type Ib and Ic supernovae and implications for their progenitors
• The radio re-brightening of the Type IIb SN 2001ig
• The initial mass-remnant mass relation for core collapse supernovae
• The fate of rotating massive stars across cosmic times
• X-ray emission from helium star+black hole binaries as probes of tidally induced spin-up of second-born black holes
• The demographics of core-collapse supernovae. The role of binary evolution and CSM interaction
• Carbon from massive binary-stripped stars over cosmic time: effect of metallicity
• The influence of rotation and metallicity on the explodability of massive stars
• Formation of black holes from He stars