Core-collapse explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars and the connection to type IIb/Ib/Ic supernovae

Abstract

We present non-LTE time-dependent radiative-transfer simulations of supernova (SN) IIb/Ib/Ic spectra and light curves, based on ~1B-energy piston-driven ejecta, with and without 56Ni, produced from single and binary Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars evolved at solar and sub-solar metallicities. Our bolometric light curves show a 10-day long post-breakout plateau with a luminosity of 1-5x10^7Lsun. In our 56Ni-rich models, with ~3Msun ejecta masses, this plateau precedes a 20-30-day long re-brightening phase initiated by the outward-diffusing heat wave powered by radioactive decay at depth. In low ejecta-mass models with moderate mixing, Gamma-ray leakage starts as early as ~50d after explosion and causes the nebular luminosity to steeply decline by ~0.02mag/d. Such signatures, which are observed in standard SNe IIb/Ib/Ic, are consistent with low-mass progenitors derived from a binary-star population. We propose that the majority of stars with an initial mass ~<20Msun yield SNe II-P if 'effectively" single, SNe IIb/Ib/Ic if part of a close binary system, and SN-less black holes if more massive. Our ejecta, with outer hydrogen mass fractions as low as ~>0.01 and a total hydrogen mass of ~>0.001Msun, yield the characteristic SN IIb spectral morphology at early times. However, by ~15d after the explosion, only Halpha may remain as a weak absorption feature. Our binary models, characterised by helium surface mass fractions of ~>0.85, systematically show HeI lines during the post-breakout plateau, irrespective of the 56Ni abundance. Synthetic spectra show a strong sensitivity to metallicity, which offers the possibility to constrain it directly from SN spectroscopic modelling.

23 pages, 2 tables, 13 figures, accepted to MNRAS

References in corpus (15)

• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 Msun stellar mass limit
• Measured Metallicities at the Sites of Nearby Broad-Lined Type Ic Supernovae and Implications for the SN-GRB Connection
• From Shock Breakout to Peak and Beyond: Extensive Panchromatic Observations of the Type Ib Supernova 2008D associated with Swift X-ray Transient 080109
• The Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf at Nebular Phases: A Possible Birth Event of A Strongly Magnetized Neutron Star
• Features of the Acoustic Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
• The different progenitors of type Ib, Ic SNe, and of GRB
• Using Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis to Determine the Properties and Distances of Type II-Plateau Supernovae: SNe 2005cs and 2006bp
• The properties of the "standard" type Ic supernova 1994I from spectral models
• VLT detection of a red supergiant progenitor of the type IIP supernova 2008bk
• Time-dependent Effects in Photospheric-Phase Type II Supernova Spectra
• Direct Analysis of Spectra of the Unusual Type Ib Supernova 2005bf
• Hydrogen in Type Ic Supernovae?
• Detailed Spectral Analysis of the Type Ib Supernova 1999dn. Paper I: Hydrogen-free Models

Cited by in corpus (160)

• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars
• Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
• Presupernova evolution and explosive nucleosynthesis of rotating massive stars in the metallicity range -3 <=[Fe/H]<= 0
• Radiative Transfer Simulations for Neutron Star Merger Ejecta
• A Wolf-Rayet-like progenitor of supernova SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a wind
• The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae
• Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014
• The Type IIb Supernova 2011dh from a Supergiant Progenitor
• On the nature of supernovae Ib and Ic
• Ultra-stripped Type Ic supernovae from close binary evolution
• Optical Spectra of 73 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The Spectral SN-GRB Connection: Systematic Spectral Comparisons between Type Ic Supernovae, and broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae with and without Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Spectral models for binary products: Unifying Subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars as a sequence of stripped-envelope stars
• PTF12os and iPTF13bvn. Two stripped-envelope supernovae from low-mass progenitors in NGC 5806
• What Can We Learn from the Rising Lightcurves of Radioactively-Powered Supernovae?
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: analysis of stripped-envelope supernova light curves
• Early-time light curves of Type Ib/c supernovae from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Revisiting the Lick Observatory Supernova Search Volume-Limited Sample: Updated Classifications and Revised Stripped-Envelope Supernova Fractions
• Type Ib and IIb supernova progenitors in interacting binary systems
• Time Dependent Radiative Transfer Calculations for Supernovae
• SN 2006oz: rise of a super-luminous supernova observed by the SDSS-II SN Survey
• Fundamental properties of core-collapse Supernova and GRB progenitors: predicting the look of massive stars before death
• Ionizing spectra of stars that lose their envelope through interaction with a binary companion: role of metallicity
• The Progenitor of Supernova 2011dh/PTF11eon in Messier 51
• Supernovae with Two Peaks in the Optical Light Curve and the Signature of Progenitors with Low-mass Extended Envelopes
• Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Stripped Supernovae to Improve Their Identifications and Constrain Their Progenitors
• The Type IIb Supernova 2013df and Its Cool Supergiant Progenitor
• A Spectroscopic Study of Type Ibc Supernova Host Galaxies from Untargeted Surveys
• Analysis of broad-lined Type Ic supernovae from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory
• Evolutionary Models for Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors
• A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary
• Possible binary progenitors for the type Ib supernova iPTF13bvn
• A Binary Progenitor for the Type IIb Supernova 2011dh in M51
• Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• Hydrogen-Poor Circumstellar Shells from Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae with Rapidly Rotating Progenitors
• A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon-oxygen-neon nebula
• Early-time spectra of supernovae and their precursor winds: the luminous blue variable/yellow hypergiant progenitor of SN 2013cu
• Inferring supernova IIb/Ib/Ic ejecta properties from light curves and spectra: Correlations from radiative-transfer models
• Radiative-transfer models for supernovae IIb/Ib/Ic from binary-star progenitors
• Progenitors of supernova Ibc: a single Wolf-Rayet star as the possible progenitor of the SN Ib iPTF13bvn
• Multi-Wavelength Observations of Supernova 2011ei: Time-Dependent Classification of Type IIb and Ib Supernovae and Implications for their Progenitors
• Non-Thermal Insights on Mass and Energy Flows Through the Galactic Centre and into the Fermi Bubbles
• The Broad-Lined Type Ic SN 2012ap and the Nature of Relativistic Supernovae Lacking a Gamma-ray Burst Detection
• A Cool and Inflated Progenitor Candidate for the Type Ib Supernova 2019yvr at 2.6 Years Before Explosion
• Disappearance of the Progenitor of Supernova iPTF13bvn
• Massive stars on the verge of exploding: the properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants
• Supernovae Ib and Ic from the explosion of helium stars
• Critical ingredients of supernova Ia radiative-transfer modeling
• Multimessengers from core-collapse supernovae: multidimensionality as a key to bridge theory and observation
• Supernova lightCURVE POPulation Synthesis I: including interacting binaries is key to understanding the diversity of type II supernova lightcurves
• Rapidly Fading Supernovae from Massive Star Explosions
• Progenitors of Type IIb Supernovae: I. Evolutionary Pathways and Rates
• The Supernova Progenitor Mass Distributions of M31 and M33: Further Evidence for an Upper Mass Limit
• Synthetic line and continuum linear-polarisation signatures of axisymmetric type II supernova ejecta
• Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Type Ic SN2020oi and broad-lined Ic SN2020bvc: Carbon Monoxide, Dust and High-Velocity Supernova Ejecta
• The interaction of core-collapse supernova ejecta with a companion star
• Effects of winds on the leftover hydrogen in massive stars following Roche lobe overflow
• Supernova 2010as: the Lowest-Velocity Member of a Family of Flat-Velocity Type IIb Supernovae
• On the Progenitor of the Type IIb Supernova 2016gkg
• The progenitors of calcium-rich transients are not formed in situ
• The Deaths of Very Massive Stars
• SN 2015U: A Rapidly Evolving and Luminous Type Ibn Supernova
• The Progenitor Mass of SN 2011dh from Stellar Populations Analysis
• Binary-Stripped Stars as Core-Collapse Supernovae Progenitors
• Constraints for the Progenitor Masses of 17 Historic Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Circumstellar Interaction Powers the Light Curves of Luminous Rapidly Evolving Optical Transients
• Constraints for the Progenitor Masses of Historic Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Binary population synthesis models for core-collapse gamma-ray burst progenitors
• Confronting 2D delayed-detonation models with light curves and spectra of Type Ia supernovae
• Radiative-transfer models for explosions from rotating and non-rotating single WC stars. Implications for SN1998bw and LGRB/SNe
• A two-stage formalism for common-envelope phases of massive stars
• Type IIb Supernova SN 2011dh: Spectra and Photometry from the Ultraviolet to the Near-Infrared
• Evidence for a compact Wolf-Rayet progenitor for the Type Ic supernova PTF 10vgv
• A Hubble diagram from Type II Supernovae based solely on photometry: the Photometric-Colour Method
• Helium Stars: Towards an Understanding of Wolf-Rayet Evolution
• Early UV/Optical Emission of The Type Ib SN 2008D
• Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Rapidly evolving faint transients from stripped-envelope electron-capture supernovae
• How much hydrogen is in Type Ib and IIb supernova progenitors?
• Episodic mass loss in binary evolution to the Wolf-Rayet phase: Keck and HST proper motions of RY Scuti's nebula
• Non-thermal excitation and ionization in supernovae
• A Potential Progenitor for the Type Ic Supernova 2017ein
• A massive helium star with a sufficiently strong magnetic field to form a magnetar
• After the Fall: Late-Time Spectroscopy of Type IIP Supernovae
• The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties On The Evolution of Core-Collapse Supernova Progenitors
• The yellow hypergiant HR 5171 A: Resolving a massive interacting binary in the common envelope phase
• On the nature of rapidly fading Type II supernovae
• Type Ib/Ic supernovae: effect of nickel mixing on the early-time color evolution and implications for the progenitors
• A synthetic population of Wolf-Rayet stars in the LMC based on detailed single and binary star evolution models
• Transparent Helium in Stripped Envelope Supernovae
• Nearby supernova host galaxies from the CALIFA Survey: II. SN environmental metallicity
• Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments. II. Type I supernovae and compact remnants
• A sequence of Type Ib, IIb, II-L, and II-P supernovae from binary-star progenitors of varying initial separation
• An Early-Time Optical and Ultraviolet Excess in the type-Ic SN 2020oi
• SN 2016coi (ASASSN-16fp): an energetic H-stripped core-collapse supernova from a massive stellar progenitor with large mass loss
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• Mass loss of massive stars near the Eddington luminosity by core neutrino emission shortly before their explosion
• A Central Excess of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae within Disturbed Galaxies
• Observational Properties of Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors in Binary Systems
• Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 II: Cluster and Association membership
• Supernovae from massive stars with extended tenuous envelopes
• Modelling Type Ic Supernovae with TARDIS: Hidden Helium in SN1994I?
• Probing the Structure of Jet Driven Core-Collapse Supernova and Long Gamma Ray Burst Progenitors with High Energy Neutrinos
• The peculiar Ca-rich SN 2019ehk: Evidence for a Type IIb core-collapse supernova from a low mass stripped progenitor
• The observed neutron star mass distribution as a probe of the supernova explosion mechanism
• The disappearances of six supernova progenitors
• Progenitors of Type IIb Supernovae: II. Observable Properties
• The Continuing Story of SN IIb 2013df: New Optical and IR Observations and Analysis
• Supernova lightCURVE POPulation Synthesis II: Validation against supernovae with an observed progenitor
• The Most Rapidly Declining Type I Supernova 2019bkc/ATLAS19dqr
• Limits on mass outflow from optical tidal disruption events
• Detection of Circumstellar Helium in Type Iax Progenitor Systems
• On the nature of WO stars: a quantitative analysis of the WO3 star DR1 in IC 1613
• Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries
• Type Ib SN 1999dn as an example of the thoroughly mixed ejecta of Ib supernovae
• Supernovae from massive stars
• Mass-transferring binary stars as progenitors of interacting hydrogen-free supernovae
• Dust formation in embryonic pulsar-aided supernova remnants
• Observable fractions of core-collapse supernova light curves brightened by binary companions
• On the Progenitor of the Type Ic Supernova 2012fh
• Simulations of Accretion Powered Supernovae in the Progenitors of Gamma Ray Bursts
• The effect of circumstellar matter on the double-peaked type Ic supernovae and implications for LSQ14efd, iPTF15dtg and SN 2020bvc
• The 3D shape of Type IIb SN 2011hs
• The peculiar case of the "double-humped" super-luminous supernova SN2006oz
• X-ray Spectroscopy of the Highly Magnetized Pulsar PSR J1846-0258, its Wind Nebula and Hosting Supernova Remnant Kes 75
• Systematic investigation of the effect of 56Ni mixing in the early photospheric velocity evolution of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Influence of macroclumping on type II supernova light curves
• The landscape of binary core-collapse supernova progenitors and the late emergence of Wolf-Rayet winds
• The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
• Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity
• Extended supernova shock breakout signals from inflated stellar envelopes
• Panning for gold, but finding helium: discovery of the ultra-stripped supernova SN2019wxt from gravitational-wave follow-up observations
• Characterizing the Rapid Hydrogen Disappearance in SN2022crv: Evidence of a Continuum between Type Ib and IIb Supernova Properties
• Inferring the progenitor mass-kinetic energy relation of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae from nebular spectroscopy
• Optical color of Type Ib and Ic supernovae and implications for their progenitors
• Metallicity Estimation of Core-Collapse Supernova HII Regions in Galaxies within 30 Mpc
• The formation of the stripped envelope type II b Supernova progenitors: Rotation, Metallicity and Overshooting
• Type IIb supernovae by the grazing envelope evolution
• The radio re-brightening of the Type IIb SN 2001ig
• Searching for ejected supernova companions in the era of precise proper motion and radial velocity measurements
• Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Type Ic SN 2021krf: Luminous Late-time Emission and Dust Formation
• Wind and nebula of the M33 variable GR290 (WR/LBV)
• SN 2018gk Revisited: the Photosphere, the Central Engine, And the Putative Dust
• Revealing the progenitor of SN 2021zby through analysis of the $TESS$ shock-cooling light curve
• SN 2019odp: A Massive Oxygen-Rich Type Ib Supernova
• Eccentric grazing envelope evolution towards type IIb supernova progenitors
• Fast and Not-so-Furious: Case Study of the Fast and Faint Type IIb SN 2021bxu
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. Early observations and progenitor constraints of the Type Ib supernova LSQ13abf
• The demographics of core-collapse supernovae. The role of binary evolution and CSM interaction
• The fast rise of the unusual Type IIL/IIb SN 2018ivc
• The metallicity dependence of WR winds
• Plasma Instabilities Dominate Radioactive Transients Magnetic Fields: The self-confinement of leptons in Type Ia and Core-Collapse Supernovae, and Kilonovae
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• Modeling the emission lines from r-process elements in Supernova nebulae
• A low mass, binary-stripped envelope for the Type IIb SN 2024abfo
• The Properties of Fast Yellow Pulsating Supergiants: FYPS Point the Way to Missing Red Supergiants
• Forming Double Neutron Stars using Detailed Binary Evolution Models with POSYDON: Comparison to the Galactic Systems