Measured Metallicities at the Sites of Nearby Broad-Lined Type Ic Supernovae and Implications for the SN-GRB Connection

Abstract

We compare the chemical abundances at the sites of 12 nearby (z <0.14) Type Ic supernovae (SN Ic) that showed broad lines, but had no observed Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB), with the chemical abundances in 5 nearby (z < 0.25) galaxies at the sites of GRB where broad-lined SN Ic were seen after the fireball had faded. It has previously been noted that GRB hosts are low in luminosity and low in their metal abundances. If low metallicity is sufficient to force the evolution of massive stars to end their lives as GRB with an accompanying broad-lined SN Ic, then we would expect higher metal abundances for the broad-lined SN Ic that have no detected GRB. This is what we observe, and this trend is independent of the choice of metallicity calibration we adopt, and the mode of SN survey that found the broad-lined SN. A unique feature of this analysis is that we present new spectra of the host galaxies and analyze all the measurements of both samples in the same set of ways, using the galaxy emission-line measurements corrected for extinction and stellar absorption, via independent metallicity diagnostics of Kewley & Dopita (2002), of McGaugh (1991) and of Pettini & Pagel (2004). In our small sample, the boundary between galaxies that have GRB accompanying their broad-lined SN Ic and those that have broad-lined SN Ic without a GRB lies at an oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H)_KD02 ~ 8.5, which corresponds to 0.2-0.6 Z_sun depending on the adopted metallicity scale and solar abundance value. Even when we limit the comparison to SN Ic that were found in untargeted supernova surveys, the environment of every broad-lined SN Ic that had no GRB is more metal rich than the site of any broad-lined SN Ic where a GRB was detected.

arXiv commentaccepted by the Astronomical Journal, 18 pages, emulate-apj, v2 contains more data than v1; conclusions strengthened, SN selection & metalliciy diagnostic effects addressed; high-resolution figures at http://astro.berkeley.edu/~mmodjaz/Metallicity_Modjaz-HighResFigs/

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• A nearby GRB host galaxy: VLT/X-shooter observations of HG 031203
• Extraplanar HII Regions in the edge-on Spiral Galaxies NGC 3628 and NGC 4522
• Why Are Some Gamma-Ray Bursts Hosted by Oxygen-rich Galaxies?
• Inferring the progenitor mass-kinetic energy relation of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae from nebular spectroscopy
• A novel approach to investigate chemical inhomogeneities in GRB host galaxies: The $Z_{\mathrm{abs}}-Z_{\mathrm{emiss}}$ relation
• Velocity evolution of broad-lined type-Ic supernovae with and without gamma-ray bursts
• Chemical evolution models: GRB host identification and cosmic dust predictions
• Metallicity Estimation of Core-Collapse Supernova HII Regions in Galaxies within 30 Mpc
• Relativistic supernova 2009bb exploded close to an atomic gas cloud
• HII Region Metallicity Constraints Near the Site of the Strongly Lensed Supernova "SN Refsdal" at Redshift 1.49
• Probing the rotational velocity of Galactic WO stars with spectropolarimetry
• Metallicities in long GRB host galaxies at z$<$0.5 calculated by the detailed modelling of optical and infrared line ratios
• Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies and their Environments
• Physical conditions and element abundances in SN and GRB host galaxies at different redshifts
• A new long gamma-ray burst formation pathway at solar metallicity
• Chemical abundances and spatial distribution of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Can massive Be/Oe stars be progenitors of long gamma ray bursts?
• Revisiting the Relationship between the Long GRB Rate and Cosmic Star Formation History Based on a Large Swift Sample
• Soft X-ray absorption excess in gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra: Absorption by turbulent ISM
• A star-forming dwarf galaxy candidate in the halo of NGC 4634
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• Mass loss and evolution of hot massive stars
• Core-collapse Supernovae and Gamma-ray Bursts in TMT Era
• Exploring AGN - starburst coexistence in galaxies at z$\sim$ 0.8 by the [OIII]4959+5007/[OIII]4363 line ratio
• A theoretical color-velocity correlation for supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
• Evolution of progenitor stars of Type Ibc supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts
• Type Ib/c Supernovae with and without Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The metallicity dependence of long-duration gamma-ray bursts
• Exploration of the high-redshift universe enabled by THESEUS
• Accessing the Host Galaxies of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts with Next-Generation Telescopes
• The low-extinction afterglow in the solar-metallicity host galaxy of GRB 110918A
• Wind anisotropy and stellar evolution
• Relative frequencies of core-collapse supernovae as a function of metallicity: observations vs theoretical predictions
• Host Galaxies of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The locations of SNe Ib/c and their comparison to those of WR stars and GRBs
• Massive Oe/Be stars at low metallicity: Candidate progenitors of long GRBs?
• Study of a Population of Gamma-ray Bursts with Low-Luminosity Afterglows
• GRBs as Probes of Massive Stars Near and Far