Progenitor mass constraints for core-collapse supernovae from correlations with host galaxy star formation

Abstract

Using H-alpha emission as a tracer of on-going (<16 Myr old) and near-UV emission as a tracer of recent (16-100 Myr old) star formation (SF), we present constraints on core-collapse (CC) supernova (SN) progenitors through their association with SF regions. We present statistics of a large sample of SNe; 163.5 type II (58 IIP, 13 IIL, 13.5 IIb, 19 IIn and 12 'impostors') and 96.5 type Ib/c (39.5 Ib and 52 Ic). Using pixel statistics our main findings and conclusions are: 1) An increasing progenitor mass sequence is observed, implied from an increasing association of SNe to host galaxy H-alpha emission. This commences with the type Ia (SNIa) showing the weakest association, followed by the SNII, then the SNIb, with the SNIc showing the strongest correlation to SF regions. Thus our progenitor mass sequence runs Ia-II-Ib-Ic. 2) Overall SNIbc are found to occur nearer to bright HII regions than SNII. This implies that the former have shorter stellar lifetimes thus arising from more massive progenitor stars. 3) While SNIIP do not closely follow the on-going SF, they accurately trace the recent formation. This implies that their progenitors arise from stars at the low end of the CC SN mass sequence, consistent with direct detections of progenitors in pre-explosion imaging. 4) Similarly SNIIn trace recent but not the on-going SF. This implies that, contrary to the general consensus, the majority of these SNe do not arise from the most massive stars. Results and constraints are also presented for the less numerous SNIIL, IIb, and 'impostors'. Finally we present analysis of possible biases in the data, the results of which argue strongly against any selection effects that could explain the relative excess of SNIbc within bright HII regions. Thus intrinsic progenitor differences in the sense of the mass sequence we propose remain the most plausible explanation of our findings.

22 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The abstract has been edited to fit within arXiv.org submission requirements

References in corpus (22)

• Long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• Measured Metallicities at the Sites of Nearby Broad-Lined Type Ic Supernovae and Implications for the SN-GRB Connection
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-Rich Circumstellar Medium
• The empirical metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rate of O- and early B-type stars
• A New Class of Luminous Transients and A First Census of Their Massive Stellar Progenitors
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events
• Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and Type Ic Core Collapse Supernovae Have Similar Locations in Hosts
• Late-Time Spectroscopy of SN 2002cx: The Prototype of a New Subclass of Type Ia Supernovae
• The different progenitors of type Ib, Ic SNe, and of GRB
• SN 2005 gj: Evidence for LBV supernovae progenitors?
• Constraints on core-collapse supernova progenitors from correlations with H-alpha emission
• Late-Type Red Supergiants: Too Cool for the Magellanic Clouds?
• Faint Supernovae and Supernova Impostors: Case studies of SN2002kg/NGC2403-V37 and SN 2003gm
• The properties of SN Ib/c locations
• The H alpha Galaxy Survey. III. Constraints on supernova progenitors from spatial correlations with H alpha emission
• Supernova 1996cr: SN 1987A's Wild Cousin?
• Early-type galaxies with core collapse supernovae
• Using Spatial Distributions to Constrain Progenitors of Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursts
• Type Ibc supernovae in disturbed galaxies: evidence for a top-heavy IMF
• Do Wolf-Rayet stars have similar locations in hosts as type Ib/c supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts?
• The statistical investigation of type Ib/c and II supernovae and their host galaxies

Cited by in corpus (127)

• Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars
• Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
• Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae
• The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae
• Type Ia Supernovae Strongly Interacting with Their Circumstellar Medium
• Spectroscopy of superluminous supernova host galaxies. A preference of hydrogen-poor events for extreme emission line galaxies
• Optical Spectra of 73 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Demographics of the Galaxies Hosting Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
• Luminous Blue Variables are Antisocial: Their Isolation Implies that they are Kicked Mass Gainers in Binary Evolution
• Luminous Blue Variables and superluminous supernovae from binary mergers
• A Sample of Type II-L Supernovae
• An Analytic Bolometric Light Curve Model of Interaction-Powered Supernovae and its Application to Type IIn Supernovae
• Investigating the properties of stripped-envelope supernovae, what are the implications for their progenitors?
• SN 2009ip á la PESSTO: No evidence for core-collapse yet
• The Crab Nebula and the class of Type IIn-P supernovae caused by sub-energetic electron capture explosions
• Core-collapse supernovae missed by optical surveys
• The Palomar Transient Factory Core-Collapse Supernova Host-Galaxy Sample. I. Host-Galaxy Distribution Functions and Environment-Dependence of CCSNe
• Characterising the environments of supernovae with MUSE
• PISCO: The Pmas/ppak Integral-field Supernova hosts COmpilation
• Evolutionary Models for Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors
• A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary
• Mass-loss histories of Type IIn supernova progenitors within decades before their explosion
• UBVRIz Light Curves of 51 Type II Supernovae
• A meta analysis of core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses
• Nearby supernova host galaxies from the CALIFA Survey: I. Sample, data analysis, and correlation to star-forming regions
• Zooming In on the Progenitors of Superluminous Supernovae With the HST
• A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of the Host Galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae
• Gamma-ray burst progenitors
• Inferring supernova IIb/Ib/Ic ejecta properties from light curves and spectra: Correlations from radiative-transfer models
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• The multi-faceted Type II-L supernova 2014G from pre-maximum to nebular phase
• Constraints on core-collapse supernova progenitors from explosion site integral field spectroscopy
• Electron-capture supernovae exploding within their progenitor wind
• Metallicity at the explosion sites of interacting transients
• The diverse lives of progenitors of hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae: the role of binary interaction
• The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium
• Environment-derived constraints on the progenitors of low-luminosity type I supernovae
• Statistical studies of supernova environments
• Integral field spectroscopy of supernova explosion sites: constraining mass and metallicity of the progenitors - I. Type Ib and Ic supernovae
• Supernova spectra below strong circum-stellar interaction
• On the association between core-collapse supernovae and HII regions
• SN 2015bh: NGC 2770's 4th supernova or a luminous blue variable on its way to a Wolf-Rayet star?
• Environments of interacting transients: Impostors and type IIn supernovae
• A comparative study of host galaxy properties between Fast Radio Bursts and stellar transients
• Integral field spectroscopy of supernova explosion sites: constraining mass and metallicity of the progenitors -- II. Type II-P and II-L supernovae
• Type II supernovae as probes of environment metallicity: observations of host HII regions
• Discovery and Early Multi-Wavelength Measurements of the Energetic Type Ic Supernova PTF12gzk: A Massive-Star Explosion in a Dwarf Host Galaxy
• Investigating the diversity of supernovae type Iax: A MUSE and NOT spectroscopic study of their environments
• Effect of binary evolution on the inferred initial and final core masses of hydrogen-rich, Type~II supernova progenitors
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Implications for Additional Power Sources
• The progenitors of calcium-rich transients are not formed in situ
• Supernova Nebular Spectroscopy Suggests a Hybrid Envelope-Stripping Mechanism for Massive Stars
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: photometry data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope supernovae
• The Relative Rate of LGRB Formation as a Function of Metallicity
• The very young resolved stellar populations around stripped-envelope supernovae
• The Diverse Properties of Type Icn Supernovae Point to Multiple Progenitor Channels
• Type Ibn Supernovae May not all Come from Massive Stars
• The early discovery of SN 2017ahn: signatures of persistent interaction in a fast declining Type II supernova
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - III. The impact of bars and bulges on the radial distribution of supernovae in disc galaxies
• Circumstellar interaction in supernovae in dense environments - an observational perspective
• The final fate of stars that ignite neon and oxygen off-center: electron capture or iron core-collapse supernova?
• A metallicity study of 1987A-like supernova host galaxies
• On the Gaia DR2 distances for Galactic Luminous Blue Variables
• On the environments of type Ia supernovae within host galaxies
• On the evolution of rotating accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae
• On the nature of rapidly fading Type II supernovae
• The Host Galaxies of Rapidly Evolving Transients in the Dark Energy Survey
• Oxygen and helium in stripped-envelope supernovae
• Nearby supernova host galaxies from the CALIFA Survey: II. SN environmental metallicity
• The growth of massive stars via stellar collisions in ensemble star clusters
• Massive stars dying alone: The extremely remote environment of SN 2009ip
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - II. The relative frequencies of supernovae types in spirals
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• A Central Excess of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae within Disturbed Galaxies
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - IV. The distribution of supernovae relative to spiral arms
• Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 II: Cluster and Association membership
• Molecular gas at supernova local environments unveiled by EDGE
• A UV census of the environments of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Probing the low-redshift star formation rate as a function of metallicity through the local environments of type II supernovae
• Hydrogen-rich Core Collapse Supernovae
• A systematic reclassification of type IIn supernovae
• Cosmic rays from supernova remnants and superbubbles
• Spatial distributions of core-collapse supernovae in infrared-bright galaxies
• Core-collapse supernova progenitor constraints using the spatial distributions of massive stars in local galaxies
• SN 2005at - A neglected type Ic supernova at 10 Mpc
• SN 2022ann: A type Icn supernova from a dwarf galaxy that reveals helium in its circumstellar environment
• On the multiplicity of supernovae within host galaxies
• Core-Collapse Supernova Rate Synthesis Within 11 Mpc
• Radiative Driving of the AGN Outflows in the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051
• Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries
• An environmental analysis of the fast transient AT2018cow and implications for its progenitor and late-time brightness
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - V. The vertical distribution of supernovae in disc galaxies
• Evolving into a remnant: optical observations of SN 1978K at three decades
• The Origin of Cosmic Rays: How Their Composition Defines Their Sources and Sites, and the Processes of Their Mixing, Injection and Acceleration
• The Masses of Supernova Remnant Progenitors in M83
• A Multi-Wavelength View on the Rapidly-Evolving Supernova 2018ivc: An Analog of SN IIb 1993J but Powered Primarily by Circumstellar Interaction
• An H-alpha survey of the host environments of 77 type IIn supernovae within z<0.02
• A characterization of ASAS-SN core-collapse supernova environments with VLT+MUSE: I. Sample selection, analysis of local environments, and correlations with light curve properties
• The 50-100pc scale parent stellar populations of type II supernovae and limitations of single star evolution models
• Detection of supernova remnants in NGC 4030
• Supernova Siblings and their Parent Galaxies in the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Surve
• Hα to FUV ratios in resolved star forming region populations of nearby spiral galaxies
• Unveiling the Nature of SN 2011fh: a Young and Massive Star Gives Rise to a Luminous SN 2009ip-like Event
• Binary progenitor systems for Type Ic supernovae
• Galactic Constraints on Supernova Progenitor Models
• The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
• The Galactic Spatial Distribution of OB Associations and Their Surrounding Supernova-Generated Superbubble
• Core-collapse supernova subtypes in luminous infrared galaxies
• SOFIA Observations of SN 2010jl: Another Non-Detection of the 9.7 $\mu$m Silicate Dust Feature
• Are stripped envelope supernovae really deficient in ${}^{56}$Ni?
• The Extraplanar Type II Supernova ASASSN-14jb in the Nearby Edge-on Galaxy ESO 467-G051
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. Observations of SN 2014ab possibly revealing a 2010jl-like SN IIn with pre-existing dust
• Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2-1) Emission in their Host Galaxies
• Local Environments of Low-Redshift Supernovae
• Optical photometry and spectroscopy of the low-luminosity, broad-lined Ic supernova iPTF15dld
• HSC16aayt: Slowly evolving interacting transient rising for more than 100 days
• Investigating the observational properties of Type Ib supernova SN 2017iro
• Core-collapse Supernovae and Gamma-ray Bursts in TMT Era
• On the Nature of Unconfirmed Supernovae
• The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction (II): Estimating the CSM mass and geometry with polarimetry and light curve modeling
• Supernova environments in J-PLUS. Normalized Cumulative Rank distributions and stellar population synthesis, combining narrow- and broad-band filters
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• SN 2016iog: A fast declining Type II-L supernova with an ultra-faint tail, persistently interacting with circumstellar material
• Narrow absorption lines from intervening material in supernovae: III. Supernovae and their environments
• Modeling the Remnants of Core-collapse Supernovae from Luminous Blue Variable stars