Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events

Abstract

We present new spectroscopic and photometric data of the type Ibn supernovae 2006jc, 2000er and 2002ao. We discuss the general properties of this recently proposed supernova family, which also includes SN 1999cq. The early-time monitoring of SN 2000er traces the evolution of this class of objects during the first few days after the shock breakout. An overall similarity in the photometric and spectroscopic evolution is found among the members of this group, which would be unexpected if the energy in these core-collapse events was dominated by the interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium. Type Ibn supernovae appear to be rather normal type Ib/c supernova explosions which occur within a He-rich circumstellar environment. SNe Ibn are therefore likely produced by the explosion of Wolf-Rayet progenitors still embedded in the He-rich material lost by the star in recent mass-loss episodes, which resemble known luminous blue variable eruptions. The evolved Wolf-Rayet star could either result from the evolution of a very massive star or be the more evolved member of a massive binary system. We also suggest that there are a number of arguments in favour of a type Ibn classification for the historical SN 1885A (S-Andromedae), previously considered as an anomalous type Ia event with some resemblance to SN 1991bg.

17 pages including 12 figures and 4 tables. Slightly revised version, conclusions unchanged, 1 figure added. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (68)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Origin of the Mass--Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star-Forming Galaxies in the SDSS
• How Massive Single Stars End their Life
• Discovery of the peculiar supernova 1998bw in the error box of GRB980425
• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• The shock break-out of GRB 060218/SN 2006aj
• Pulsational pair instability as an explanation for the most luminous supernovae
• SN 2006gy: Discovery of the most luminous supernova ever recorded, powered by the death of an extremely massive star like Eta Carinae
• The supernova rate per unit mass
• An optical supernova associated with the X-ray flash XRF 060218
• Two populations of progenitors for type Ia SNe?
• The metamorphosis of SN1998bw
• A giant outburst two years before the core-collapse of a massive star
• On the role of continuum-driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and Population III stars
• Evidence for an asymptotic giant branch star in the progenitor system of a type Ia supernova
• UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-Rich Circumstellar Medium
• On the progenitor of SN 2005gl and the nature of Type IIn supernovae
• The Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Optical Photometry and Spectroscopy of the SN 1998bw-like Type Ic Supernova 2002ap
• The type IIn supernova 1994W: evidence for the explosive ejection of a circumstellar envelope
• Characterizing Supernova Progenitors via the Metallicities of their Host Galaxies, from Poor Dwarfs to Rich Spirals
• Dust Formation and He II 4686 emission in the Dense Shell of the Peculiar Type Ib Supernova 2006jc
• The Luminosity of SN 1999by in NGC 2841 and the Nature of `Peculiar' Type Ia Supernovae
• The Luminosity-Metallicity relation in the local universe from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
• GRB 060218/SN 2006aj: A Gamma-Ray Burst and Prompt Supernova at z=0.0335
• SN 2005cs in M51 I. The first month of evolution of a subluminous SN II plateau
• An unusually brilliant transient in the galaxy Messier 85
• Luminous Blue Variables as the progenitors of supernovae with quasi-periodic radio modulations
• On the source of the late-time infrared luminosity of SN 1998S and other type II supernovae
• Supernova 2006aj and the associated X-Ray Flash 060218
• Peculiar, Low Luminosity Type II Supernovae: Low Energy Explosions in Massive Progenitors?
• Pair creation supernovae at low and high redshift
• Variety in Supernovae
• Implications of the metallicity dependence of Wolf-Rayet winds
• A Radio Survey of Type Ib and Ic Supernovae: Searching for Engine Driven Supernovae
• Supernova rates from the Southern inTermediate Redshift ESO Supernova Search (STRESS)
• The Solar Heavy Element Abundances: I. Constraints from Stellar Interiors
• SN 2006aj and the nature of low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts
• The oxygen abundance in the inner HII regions of M101. Implications for the calibration of strong-line metallicity indicators
• The underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2005bl and the class of objects similar to SN 1991bg
• A very low mass of Ni-56 in the ejecta of SN 1994W
• A Spitzer Space Telescope Study of SN 2003gd: Still No Direct Evidence that Core-Collapse Supernovae are Major Dust Factories
• SN 2006bp: Probing the Shock Breakout of a Type II-P Supernova
• Predictions of variable mass loss for Luminous Blue Variables
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium III. SN 2006jc: IR echoes from new and old dust in the progenitor CSM
• SN 1998bw at late phases
• Swift and Chandra Detections of Supernova 2006jc: Evidence for Interaction of the Supernova Shock with a Circumstellar Shell
• Supernova 2002ic: the collapse of a stripped-envelope, massive star in a dense medium ?
• Helium Emission in the Type Ic SN 1999cq
• The Late Time Light Curve of SN 1998bw Associated with GRB980425
• A very faint core-collapse supernova in M85
• Faint Supernovae and Supernova Impostors: Case studies of SN2002kg/NGC2403-V37 and SN 2003gm
• The Optical/Near-Infrared Light Curves of SN 2002ap for the First 140 Days after Discovery
• The Subluminous Type Ia Supernova 1998de in NGC 252
• SN1999E: Another piece in the SN-GRB connection puzzle
• The Chemical Distribution in a Subluminous Type Ia Supernova: HST Images of the SN 1885 Remnant
• SGRs in nearby galaxies: rate, luminosity function and fraction among short GRBs
• The Optical/Near-Infrared Light Curves of SN 2002ap for the First 1.5 Years after Discovery
• The Peculiar Type Ib Supernova 2006jc: A WCO Wolf-Rayet Star Explosion
• Spitzer Observations of the New Luminous Red Nova M85OT2006-1
• Properties of newly formed dust by SN2006jc based on near-to-mid infrared observation with AKARI
• The circumstellar material around SN IIn 1997eg: Another detection of Very Narrow P Cygni profile
• HST Images and Spectra of the Remnant of SN 1885 in M31
• Spectroscopy and BVI photometry of the young open cluster NGC 6604
• An Ultraviolet Fe II Image of SN 1885 in M31
• The Light Curve of S Andromedae

Cited by in corpus (145)

• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Confined Dense Circumstellar Material Surrounding a Regular Type II Supernova: The Unique Flash-Spectroscopy Event of SN 2013fs
• Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP) observations of type IIn supernovae: typical properties and implications for their progenitor stars
• Interacting Supernovae and Supernova Impostors. SN 2009ip, is this the end?
• Analytical Light Curve Models of Super-Luminous Supernovae: chi^2-Minimizations of Parameter Fits
• Flash Spectroscopy: Emission Lines from the Ionized Circumstellar Material around $<10$-Day-Old Type II Supernovae
• Precursors prior to Type IIn supernova explosions are common: precursor rates, properties, and correlations
• Common Envelope Evolution Leading to Supernovae with Dense Interaction
• Ultraviolet Light Curves of Supernovae with Swift Uvot
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Indications for a Different Population in Dwarf Galaxies
• Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
• The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved With Mass Loss
• Progenitor mass constraints for core-collapse supernovae from correlations with host galaxy star formation
• Interacting Supernovae: Types IIn and Ibn
• Observational and Physical Classification of Supernovae
• The expansion of stripped-envelope stars: consequences for supernovae and gravitational-wave progenitors
• The type IIb SN 2008ax: spectral and light curve evolution
• LOSS Revisited - II: The relative rates of different types of supernovae vary between low- and high-mass galaxies
• Type Ibn Supernovae Show Photometric Homogeneity and Spectral Diversity at Maximum Light
• PISCO: The Pmas/ppak Integral-field Supernova hosts COmpilation
• Pre-Supernova Outbursts via Wave Heating in Massive Stars II: Hydrogen-poor Stars
• A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon-oxygen-neon nebula
• Superluminous Supernovae Powered by Magnetars: Late-time Light Curves and Hard Emission Leakage
• Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Supernovae: The First Two Years of Swift Observations
• Predictions for the hydrogen-free ejecta of pulsational pair-instability supernovae
• The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• On the progenitor and early evolution of the type II supernova 2009kr
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. IV. Transitional Type Ibn Supernovae
• Metallicity at the explosion sites of interacting transients
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - IX. SN 2014av, and characterization of Type Ibn SNe
• Supernovae 2016bdu and 2005gl, and their link with SN 2009ip-like transients: another piece of the puzzle
• Explaining the supernova impostor sn 2009ip as mergerburst
• X-ray emission from supernovae in dense circumstellar matter environments: A search for collisionless shocks
• Formation of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters: Another Possible Scenario
• SN 2011hw: Helium-Rich Circumstellar Gas and the Luminous Blue Variable to Wolf-Rayet Transition in Supernova Progenitors
• Supernova spectra below strong circum-stellar interaction
• Direct evidence for a supernova interacting with a large amount of hydrogen-free circumstellar material
• Environments of interacting transients: Impostors and type IIn supernovae
• SN 2015bh: NGC 2770's 4th supernova or a luminous blue variable on its way to a Wolf-Rayet star?
• SN2009ip: Constraints on the progenitor mass-loss rate
• PS1-12sk is a Peculiar Supernova From a He-rich Progenitor System in a Brightest Cluster Galaxy Environment
• SN2019dge: a Helium-rich Ultra-Stripped Envelope Supernova
• Early hard X-rays from the nearby core-collapse supernova SN2023ixf
• Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Type Ic SN2020oi and broad-lined Ic SN2020bvc: Carbon Monoxide, Dust and High-Velocity Supernova Ejecta
• Jet or Shock Breakout? The Low-Luminosity GRB 060218
• A DECam Search for an Optical Counterpart to the LIGO Gravitational Wave Event GW151226
• Supernova Impostors and other Gap Transients
• SN 2015U: A Rapidly Evolving and Luminous Type Ibn Supernova
• Properties of Newly Formed Dust Grains in The Luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl
• Circumstellar Interaction Powers the Light Curves of Luminous Rapidly Evolving Optical Transients
• The long-lived Type IIn SN 2015da: Infrared echoes and strong interaction within an extended massive shell
• Type Ibn Supernovae May not all Come from Massive Stars
• Subluminous Type Ia Supernovae at High Redshift from the Supernova Legacy Survey
• Origins of Type Ibn SNe 2006jc/2015G in interacting binaries and implications for pre-SN eruptions
• A search for an optical counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW151226
• Extreme mass loss in low-mass type Ib/c supernova progenitors
• An Emerging Class of Bright, Fast-evolving Supernovae with Low-mass Ejecta
• Active Anomaly Detection for time-domain discoveries
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. V. Observations of the slow-evolving SN Ibn OGLE-2012-SN-006
• A Triple-Energy-Source Model for Superluminous Supernova iPTF13ehe
• The possible detection of a binary companion to a Type Ibn supernova progenitor
• The Nearby Type Ibn Supernova 2015G: Signatures of Asymmetry and Progenitor Constraints
• Progenitors of early-time interacting supernovae
• Optical photometry and spectroscopy of the type Ibn supernova SN 2006jc until the onset of dust formation
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. VI. Observations of two distant Type Ibn supernova candidates discovered by La Silla-QUEST
• Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS): Survey Strategy
• A radio-detected Type Ia supernova with helium-rich circumstellar material
• PTF 13efv - An outburst 500 days prior to the SNHunt 275 explosion and its radiative efficiency
• Helium stars exploding in circumstellar material and the origin of Type Ibn supernovae
• iPTF13beo: The Double-Peaked Light Curve of a Type Ibn Supernova Discovered Shortly after Explosion
• The Peculiar Transient AT2018cow: A Possible Origin of A Type Ibn/IIn Supernova
• Seven years of coordinated Chandra-NuSTAR observations of SN2014C unfold the extreme mass-loss history of its stellar progenitor
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. The shock wave revealed through the fog: The strongly interacting Type IIn SN 2013L
• Constraining massive star activities in the final years through properties of supernovae and their progenitors
• A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• Supernova Precursor Emission and the Origin of Pre-Explosion Stellar Mass-Loss
• Supernova 2017eaw: molecule and dust formation from infrared observations
• Flash ionization signatures in the type Ibn supernova SN 2019uo
• The 2D Distribution of Iron Rich Ejecta in the Remnant of SN 1885 in M31
• Observational Properties of Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors in Binary Systems
• Evidence of Asymmetry in SN 2007rt, a Type IIn Supernova
• OGLE-2014-SN-131: A long-rising Type Ibn supernova from a massive progenitor
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - VII. The metamorphosis of ASASSN-15ed from a narrow line Type Ibn to a normal Type Ib Supernova
• The changing-type SN 2014C may come from an 11-$M_{\odot }$ star stripped by binary interaction and violent eruption
• The luminous and rapidly evolving SN 2018bcc: Clues toward the origin of Type Ibn SNe from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
• SN 2018gjx reveals that some SNe Ibn are SNe IIb exploding in dense circumstellar material
• Interacting supernovae and supernova impostors. SN 2007sv: the major eruption of a massive star in UGC 5979
• Interaction of a Supernova with a Circumstellar Disk
• Circumstellar and explosion properties of Type Ibn supernovae
• The Energy Sources of Superluminous Supernovae
• Modeling of the nebular-phase spectral evolution of stripped-envelope supernovae. New grids from 100 to 450 days
• Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries
• Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient, AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - VIII. PSN J07285387+3349106, a highly reddened supernova Ibn
• An environmental analysis of the fast transient AT2018cow and implications for its progenitor and late-time brightness
• The Impact of Progenitor Mass Loss on the Dynamical and Spectral Evolution of Supernova Remnants
• LSQ13ddu: A rapidly-evolving stripped-envelope supernova with early circumstellar interaction signatures
• Asiago Supernova classification program: blowing out the first two hundred candles
• A new and unusual LBV-like outburst from a Wolf-Rayet star in the outskirts of M33
• SN 2020bqj: a Type Ibn supernova with a long lasting peak plateau
• Radiative Acceleration of Dense Circumstellar Material in Interacting Supernovae
• A luminous stellar outburst during a long-lasting eruptive phase first, and then SN IIn 2018cnf
• Oxygen and calcium nebular emission line relationships in core-collapse supernovae and Ca-rich transients
• A characterization of ASAS-SN core-collapse supernova environments with VLT+MUSE: I. Sample selection, analysis of local environments, and correlations with light curve properties
• Spatially Resolved Chandra Spectroscopy of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N132D
• SN 2021foa, a transitional event between a Type IIn (SN 2009ip-like) and a Type Ibn supernova
• The Highly Luminous Type Ibn Supernova ASASSN-14ms
• A cosmic formation site of silicon and sulphur revealed by a new type of supernova explosion
• Multiwavelength Observations of NaSt1 (WR 122): Equatorial Mass Loss and X-rays from an Interacting Wolf-Rayet Binary
• Unveiling the Nature of SN 2011fh: a Young and Massive Star Gives Rise to a Luminous SN 2009ip-like Event
• Exploring the Energy Sources Powering the Light Curve of the Type Ibn Supernova PS15dpn and the Mass-Loss History of the SN Progenitor
• Wave-Driven Shocks in Stellar Outbursts: Dynamics, Envelope Heating, and Nascent Blastwaves
• Supernovae and Gaia
• SN 1999ga: a low-luminosity linear type II supernova?
• Probing pre-supernova mass loss in double-peaked Type Ibc supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• ASASSN-18am/SN 2018gk : An overluminous Type IIb supernova from a massive progenitor
• The Type Ibn Supernova 2019kbj -- Indications for Diversity in Type Ibn Supernova Progenitors
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Detached and Continuous Circumstellar Matter in Type Ibc Supernovae from Mass Eruption
• Evolution of A Peculiar Type Ibn Supernova SN 2019wep
• Optical and UV Spectra of the Remnant of SN 1885 (S And) in M31
• Large Cold Dust Reservoir Revealed in Transitional SN Ib 2014C by James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
• The Study of Dust Formation of Four Type Ibn Supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project-I. Optical spectroscopy of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Luminous Blue Variables
• ASASSN-14ms:the Most Energetic Known Explosion of a Type Ibn Supernova and its Physical Origin
• The enigmatic double-peaked stripped-envelope SN 2023aew
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. XI. Diverse evolution of five Ibn SNe 2020nxt, 2020taz, 2021bbv, 2023utc and 2024aej
• Using LSST late-time photometry to constrain Type Ibc supernovae and their progenitors
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium $-$ X. Flash spectral features in the Type Ibn SN 2019cj and observations of SN 2018jmt
• Insights into the Properties of Type Ibn/Icn Supernovae and Their Progenitor Channels through X-ray Emission
• Characterization of Supernovae Based on the Spectral-Temporal Energy Distribution: Possible two SN Ib Subtypes
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• The demographics of core-collapse supernovae. The role of binary evolution and CSM interaction
• Observational diversity of bright long-lived Type II supernovae
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• Multi-epoch variability of AT 2000ch (SN 2000ch) in NGC 3432 -- A radio continuum and optical study
• SN 2024abvb: A Type Icn Supernova in the Outskirts of its Host Galaxy
• Using CSST and ejecta-wind interaction in type II-P supernovae to constrain the wind-mass loss of red supergiant stars
• Nested, asymmetric H-He circumstellar shells in the Type Icn/Ibn SN 2024abvb
• Multi-color Optical and NIR Light Curves of 64 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Progenitor and Close-In Circumstellar Medium of Type II Supernova 2020fqv from High-Cadence Photometry and Ultra-Rapid UV Spectroscopy