Predictions for the hydrogen-free ejecta of pulsational pair-instability supernovae

Abstract

Present time-domain astronomy efforts will unveil a variety of rare transients. We focus here on pulsational pair-instability evolution, which can result in signatures observable with electromagnetic and gravitational waves. We simulate grids of bare helium stars to characterize the resulting black hole (BH) masses and ejecta composition, velocity, and thermal state. The stars do not react "elastically" to the thermonuclear explosion: there is not a one-to-one correspondence between pair-instability driven ignition and mass ejections, causing ambiguity in what is an observable pulse. In agreement with previous studies, we find that for carbon-oxygen core masses 28Msun< M_CO<30.5Msun the explosions are not strong enough to affect the surface. With increasing mass, they first cause large radial expansion (30.5Msun<M_CO<31.4Msun), and finally, also mass ejection episodes (M_CO>31.4Msun). The lowest mass to be fully disrupted in a pair-instability supernova is M_CO=57Msun. Models with M_CO>121Msun reach the photodisintegration regime, resulting in BHs with M_BH>125Msun. If the pulsating models produce BHs via (weak) explosions, the previously-ejected material might be hit by the blast wave. We characterize the H-free circumstellar material from the pulsational pair-instability of helium cores assuming simply that the ejecta maintain a constant velocity after ejection. Our models produce He-rich ejecta with mass 10^{-3}Msun<M_CSM<40Msun. These ejecta are typically launched at a few thousand \kms and reach distances of ~10^{12}-10^{15} cm before core-collapse. The delays between mass ejection events and the final collapse span a wide and mass-dependent range (from sub-hour to 10^4 years), and the shells ejected can also collide with each other. The range of properties we find suggests a possible connection with (some) type Ibn supernovae.

arXiv commentaccepted version

References in corpus (92)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
• How Massive Single Stars End their Life
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Pulsating Variable Stars, Rotation, Convective Boundaries, and Energy Conservation
• Mass-loss predictions for O and B stars as a function of metallicity
• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• The evolution of rotating stars
• Black Hole Formation in Failing Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Pulsational pair instability as an explanation for the most luminous supernovae
• A new route towards merging massive black holes
• Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger
• Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries
• The Mass Distribution of Stellar-Mass Black Holes
• Single star progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts I: Model grids and redshift dependent GRB rate
• Progenitor-Explosion Connection and Remnant Birth Masses for Neutrino-Driven Supernovae of Iron-Core Progenitors
• Pair-Instability Supernovae, Gravity Waves, and Gamma-Ray Transients
• Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion
• On the metallicity dependence of Wolf-Rayet winds
• A giant outburst two years before the core-collapse of a massive star
• A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
• The Effect of Pair-Instability Mass Loss on Black Hole Mergers
• Mind the gap: The location of the lower edge of the pair instability supernovae black hole mass gap
• The incidence of stellar mergers and mass gainers among massive stars
• Very massive stars, pair-instability supernovae and intermediate-mass black holes with the SEVN code
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-Rich Circumstellar Medium
• The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: confirmation of a disappearing star
• Three-dimensional neutrino-driven supernovae: Neutron star kicks, spins, and asymmetric ejection of nucleosynthesis products
• A large scale dynamo and magnetoturbulence in rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae
• Merging black hole binaries with the SEVN code
• Rotational mixing in massive binaries: detached short-period systems
• Pair Instability Supernovae: Light Curves, Spectra, and Shock Breakout
• Very Low Energy Supernovae from Neutrino Mass Loss
• Measuring the binary black hole mass spectrum with an astrophysically motivated parameterization
• The Evolution of Massive Helium Stars Including Mass Loss
• The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of HeII 1640 in young star clusters
• On the nature of supernovae Ib and Ic
• Evolution of massive population III stars with rotation and magnetic fields
• A Highly Spinning and Aligned Binary Black Hole Merger in the Advanced LIGO First Observing Run
• Pulsational pair-instability supernovae in very close binaries
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events
• Where are LIGO's Big Black Holes?
• Effects of Rotation on the Minimum Mass of Primordial Progenitors of Pair Instability Supernovae
• Neutron star kicks by the gravitational tug-boat mechanism in asymmetric supernova explosions: progenitor and explosion dependence
• Type Ib and IIb supernova progenitors in interacting binary systems
• The impact of pair-instability mass loss on the binary black hole mass distribution
• Natal Kicks of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Asymmetric Mass Ejection in Fallback Supernovae
• Pair creation supernovae at low and high redshift
• Black Hole, Neutron Star and White Dwarf Candidates from Microlensing with OGLE-III
• Potential Kick Velocity distribution of black hole X-ray binaries and implications for natal kicks
• A Systematic Survey of the Effects of Wind Mass Loss Algorithms on the Evolution of Single Massive Stars
• The Progenitor Dependence of Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• On Variations Of Pre-Supernova Model Properties
• Type Ibn Supernovae Show Photometric Homogeneity and Spectral Diversity at Maximum Light
• Constraining the masses of microlensing black holes and the mass gap with Gaia DR2
• Understanding Compact Object Formation and Natal Kicks: II. The case of XTE J1118+480
• Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
• Black hole formation and fallback during the supernova explosion of a $40{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ star
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey III: A very massive star in apparent isolation from the massive cluster R136
• Hydrogen-Poor Circumstellar Shells from Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae with Rapidly Rotating Progenitors
• Simulating Turbulence-aided Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernova Explosions in One Dimension
• Mass ejection by pulsational pair instability in very massive stars and implications for luminous supernovae
• Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae. I. Pre-collapse Evolution and Pulsational Mass Ejection
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions I: Pair-Instability Supernovae
• A full general relativistic neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of a collapsing very massive star and the formation of a black hole
• X-Rays from Supernova Shocks in Dense Mass Loss
• Sensitivity of the lower-edge of the pair instability black hole mass gap to the treatment of time dependent convection
• The impact of fallback on the compact remnants and chemical yields of core-collapse supernovae
• Explaining the most energetic supernovae with an inefficient jet-feedback mechanism
• Inferences about supernova physics from gravitational-wave measurements: GW151226 spin misalignment as an indicator of strong black-hole natal kicks
• A GRB and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova from a Single Central Engine
• Two-Dimensional Simulations of Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Multidimensional Simulations of Rotating Pair Instability Supernovae
• Possible pair-instability supernovae at solar metallicity from magnetic stellar progenitors
• The Low Detection Rate of Pair Instability Supernovae and the Effect of the Core Carbon Fraction
• Pulsations of red supergiant pair-instability supernova progenitors leading to extreme mass loss
• Models for the Unusual Supernova iPTF14hls
• Are Super-Luminous supernovae and Long GRBs produced exclusively in young dense star clusters?
• A new prescription for the mass-loss rates of WC and WO stars
• A physical model of mass ejection in failed supernovae
• SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low Metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-Poor Circumstellar Medium
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Model for Superluminous Supernova PTF12dam: Interaction and Radioactive Decay
• Massive Stellar Mergers as Precursors of Hydrogen-rich Pulsational Pair Instability Supernovae
• Merger rate of stellar black hole binaries above the pair instability mass gap
• Detecting Pair-Instability Supernovae at z<5 with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Reviving the stalled shock by jittering jets in core collapse supernovae: jets from the standing accretion shock instability
• Gaia and HST astrometry of the very massive $\sim$150 $M_{\odot }$ candidate runaway star VFTS682
• OGLE14-073 - a promising pair-instability supernova candidate
• Gas Dynamics of the Nickel-56 Decay Heating in Pair-Instability Supernovae

Cited by in corpus (54)

• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Time-Dependent Convection, Energy Conservation, Automatic Differentiation, and Infrastructure
• Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3
• Constraints from gravitational wave detections of binary black hole mergers on the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{\left(\alpha ,\gamma \right)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ rate
• The redshift evolution of the binary black hole merger rate: a weighty matter
• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Repeated mergers and ejection of black holes within nuclear star clusters
• On the Origin of GW190521-like events from repeated black hole mergers in star clusters
• Repeated mergers, mass-gap black holes, and formation of intermediate-mass black holes in nuclear star clusters
• Cover Your Basis: Comprehensive Data-Driven Characterization of the Binary Black Hole Population
• Observing intermediate-mass black holes and the upper--stellar-mass gap with LIGO and Virgo
• The Stellar Merger Scenario for Black Holes in the Pair-instability Gap
• The Formation of Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei
• Formation of black holes in the pair-instability mass gap: evolution of a post-collision star
• Pulsational pair-instability supernovae: gravitational collapse, black-hole formation, and beyond
• Non-parametric inference of the population of compact binaries from gravitational wave observations using binned Gaussian processes
• Resolving The Peak Of The Black Hole Mass Spectrum
• Very Massive Stars and Pair-Instability Supernovae: Mass-loss Framework for low Metallicity
• "Super-Kilonovae" from Massive Collapsars as Signatures of Black-Hole Birth in the Pair-instability Mass Gap
• Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo's Black Hole Population
• SN 2009ip after a decade: The luminous blue variable progenitor is now gone
• High-resolution spectroscopy of SN 2017hcc and its blueshifted line profiles from post-shock dust formation
• Wave-driven mass loss of stripped envelope massive stars: progenitor-dependence, mass ejection, and supernovae
• Tossing Black Hole Spin Axes
• Fast Blue Optical Transients due to Circumstellar Interaction and the Mysterious Supernova SN 2018gep
• Massive binary black holes from Population II and III stars
• The broad-lined Type-Ic supernova SN 2022xxf with extraordinary two-humped light curves
• Reconstructing the Genealogy of LIGO-Virgo Black Holes
• Avoiding a Cluster Catastrophe: Retention Efficiency and the Binary Black Hole Mass Spectrum
• Is there an excess of black holes around $20M_{\odot }$? Optimising the complexity of population models with the use of reversible jump MCMC
• Predictions of a simple parametric model of hierarchical black hole mergers
• Physical Models for the Astrophysical Population of Black Holes: Application to the Bump in the Mass Distribution of Gravitational Wave Sources
• Dark Black Holes in the Mass Gap
• Euclid detectability of pair instability supernovae in binary population synthesis models consistent with merging binary black holes
• Probing pre-supernova mass loss in double-peaked Type Ibc supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• Pulsations of primordial supermassive stars induced by a general relativistic instability; visible to JWST at z$>$12
• A Precursor Plateau and Pre-Maximum [O II] Emission in the Superluminous SN2019szu: A Pulsational Pair-Instability Candidate
• Detached and Continuous Circumstellar Matter in Type Ibc Supernovae from Mass Eruption
• The Maximum Black Hole Mass at Solar Metallicity
• Supernovae from stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer: Implications for Type IIP, 1987A-like and interacting supernovae
• Close, bright and boxy: the superluminous SN 2018hti
• Revisiting GRB 060218: new insights into low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts from a revised shock breakout model
• SN 2023zaw: an ultra-stripped, nickel-poor supernova from a low-mass progenitor
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae: I. The cases of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc
• Impacts of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{\left(\alpha ,\gamma \right)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction rate on ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ nucleosynthesis in pair-instability supernovae
• Hydrodynamic Modelling of Early Peaks in Type Ibc Supernovae with Circumstellar Interaction
• Gamma-ray signature of superluminous supernovae: Fermi-LAT GeV detection of SN 2017egm and evidence of a central engine
• Black Hole - Neutron Star and Binary Neutron Star Mergers from Population III and II stars
• Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae. II. A systematic search for pre-explosion eruptions with VLT/X-shooter
• Intermediate-mass black holes and contribution to extragalactic background light from Population III stars in Milky Way-like galaxies
• Estimating Transient Rates from Cosmological Simulations and BPASS
• Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients and Type Ibn/Icn SNe from Wolf-Rayet/Black Hole Mergers
• Formation of black holes from He stars