Properties of Newly Formed Dust Grains in The Luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl

Abstract

Supernovae (SNe) have been proposed to be the main production sites of dust grains in the Universe. Our knowledge on their importance to dust production is, however, limited by observationally poor constraints on the nature and amount of dust particles produced by individual SNe. In this paper, we present a spectrum covering optical through near-Infrared (NIR) light of the luminous Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) 2010jl around one and half years after the explosion. This unique data set reveals multiple signatures of newly formed dust particles. The NIR portion of the spectrum provides a rare example where thermal emission from newly formed hot dust grains is clearly detected. We determine the main population of the dust species to be carbon grains at a temperature of ~1,350 - 1,450K at this epoch. The mass of the dust grains is derived to be ~(7.5 - 8.5) x 10^{-4} Msun. Hydrogen emission lines show wavelength-dependent absorption, which provides a good estimate on the typical size of the newly formed dust grains (~0.1 micron, and most likely <~0.01 micron). We attribute the dust grains to have been formed in a dense cooling shell as a result of a strong SN-circumstellar media (CSM) interaction. The dust grains occupy ~10% of the emitting volume, suggesting an inhomogeneous, clumpy structure. The average CSM density is required to be >~3 x 10^{7} cm^{-3}, corresponding to a mass loss rate of >~0.02 Msun yr^{-1} (for a mass loss wind velocity of ~100 km s^{-1}). This strongly supports a scenario that SN 2010jl and probably other luminous SNe IIn are powered by strong interactions within very dense CSM, perhaps created by Luminous Blue Variable (LBV)-like eruptions within the last century before the explosion.

18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by ApJ on 30 July 2013. The accepted version was submitted on 8 July 2013, and the original version was submitted on 3 March 2013

References in corpus (14)

• Circumstellar Emission from Type Ib and Ic Supernovae
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-Rich Circumstellar Medium
• The Evolution of Dust in the Early Universe with Applications to the Galaxy SDSS J1148+5251
• SN 2006tf: Precursor Eruptions and the Optically Thick Regime of Extremely Luminous Type IIn Supernovae
• Dust and the type II-plateau supernova 2004et
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events
• Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
• Light Curve Modeling of Superluminous Supernova 2006gy: Collision between Supernova Ejecta and Dense Circumstellar Medium
• A Massive Progenitor of the Luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium III. SN 2006jc: IR echoes from new and old dust in the progenitor CSM
• Early Formation of Dust in the Ejecta of Type Ib SN 2006jc and Temperature and Mass of the Dust
• The Peculiar Type Ib Supernova 2006jc: A WCO Wolf-Rayet Star Explosion
• Properties of newly formed dust by SN2006jc based on near-to-mid infrared observation with AKARI
• Optical photometry and spectroscopy of the type Ibn supernova SN 2006jc until the onset of dust formation

Cited by in corpus (32)

• High Density Circumstellar Interaction in the Luminous Type IIn SN 2010jl: The first 1100 days
• Rapid formation of large dust grains in the luminous supernova SN 2010jl
• Mass-loss histories of Type IIn supernova progenitors within decades before their explosion
• X-ray and radio emission from Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl
• High-Energy Emission from Interacting Supernovae: New Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Dense Circumstellar Environments
• Delayed Shock-induced Dust Formation in the Dense Circumstellar Shell Surrounding the Type IIn Supernova SN 2010jl
• Optical observations of the luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl for over 900 days
• Formulation of Non-steady-state Dust Formation Process in Astrophysical Environments
• High-resolution spectroscopy of SN 2017hcc and its blueshifted line profiles from post-shock dust formation
• Type IIn SN~2010jl: probing dusty line-emitting shell
• Disentangling Dust Components in SN 2010jl: The First 1400 Days
• Properties of the post in-spiral common envelope ejecta I: dynamical and thermal evolution
• Dust masses for a large sample of core-collapse supernovae from optical emission line asymmetries: dust formation on 30-year timescales
• Two Distinct-Absorption X-Ray Components from Type IIn Supernovae: Evidence for Asphericity in the Circumstellar Medium
• A Long-Duration Luminous Type IIn Supernova KISS15s: Strong Recombination Lines from the Inhomogeneous Ejecta-CSM Interaction Region and Hot Dust Emission from Newly Formed Dust
• SN 2009ip: Constraining the latest explosion properties by its late-phase light curve
• Near infrared spectroscopy of the type IIn SN 2010jl: evidence for high velocity ejecta
• OISTER Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of the Super-Chandrasekhar Supernova Candidate SN 2012dn: Dust Emission from the Circumstellar Shell
• Initial Flash and Spectral Formation of Type Ia Supernovae with An Envelope: Applications to Over-luminous SNe Ia
• Strongly Bipolar Inner Ejecta of the Normal Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16at
• Constraints on the Progenitor of SN 2010jl and Pre-Existing Hot Dust in its Surrounding Medium
• SOFIA Observations of SN 2010jl: Another Non-Detection of the 9.7 $\mu$m Silicate Dust Feature
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. Observations of SN 2014ab possibly revealing a 2010jl-like SN IIn with pre-existing dust
• SN 2014ab: An Aspherical Type IIn Supernova with Low Polarization
• Probing the Circumstellar Environment of highly luminous type IIn SN ASASSN-14il
• SN 2008iy circumstellar interaction: Bright and lesser light effect
• Dust Models for the Extinction of Type IIn Supernova SN 2010jl
• SN 2020uem: A Possible Thermonuclear Explosion within A Dense Circumstellar Medium (I) The Nature of Type IIn/Ia-CSM SNe from Photometry and Spectroscopy
• The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction (I): Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy
• Optical Properties of C$-$rich (${}^{12}$C, SiC and FeC) Dust Layered Structure of Massive Stars
• Late-time evolution of the interacting stripped-envelope supernova 2017dio
• Novel application to estimate the mass-loss and the dust-formation rates in O-type gamma-ray binaries using near-infrared photometry