A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey

Abstract

Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with the circumstellar medium, there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, that show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted over-luminous Type Ia spectrum. In the only previous systematic study of this class (Silverman et al. 2013), 16 objects were identified, 8 historic and 8 from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional objects of this type through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). In this study, we present and analyze the optical and mid-IR light curves, optical spectra, and host galaxy properties of this sample. Consistent with previous studies, we find the objects to have slowly evolving light curves compared to normal SNe Ia with peak absolute magnitudes between -19.1 and -21, spectra having weak H$\beta$, large Balmer decrements of ~7 and strong Ca NIR emission. Out of 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, 9 have $3\sigma$ detections, along with some showing a clear reduction in red-wing of H$\alpha$, indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent width of He I $\lambda 5876$ than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. 2013. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We also derive a rate estimate of 29${}_{-21}^{+27}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$ yr${}^{-1}$ for SNe Ia-CSM which is ~0.02--0.2 % of the SN Ia rate. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al. 2013, increasing the total number to 28.

26 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to ApJ

References in corpus (36)

• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
• Initial Performance of the NEOWISE Reactivation Mission
• Galaxy Zoo 1 : Data Release of Morphological Classifications for nearly 900,000 galaxies
• Stellar Population Inference with Prospector
• Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Surveys and Scheduler
• PESSTO : survey description and products from the first data release by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
• unWISE: unblurred coadds of the WISE imaging
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-Rich Circumstellar Medium
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Observing System
• SN 2006tf: Precursor Eruptions and the Optically Thick Regime of Extremely Luminous Type IIn Supernovae
• The Automated Palomar 60-Inch Telescope
• Fully-Automated Reduction of Longslit Spectroscopy with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer at Keck Observatory
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events
• Variable Sodium Absorption in a Low-Extinction Type Ia Supernova
• The GROWTH Marshal: A Dynamic Science Portal for Time-Domain Astronomy
• A Fully Automated Integral Field Spectrograph Pipeline for the SEDMachine: pysedm
• Gaia Photometric Science Alerts
• A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon-oxygen-neon nebula
• ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae I: Properties of the 2018 Sample
• Supernova 2002ic: the collapse of a stripped-envelope, massive star in a dense medium ?
• A single-degenerate model for the progenitor of the Type Ia supernova 2002ic
• The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Palomar Gattini-IR: Survey overview, data processing system, on-sky performance and first results
• On the Nature of Type Ia-CSM Supernovae: Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of SN 2012ca and SN 2013dn
• The Diverse Properties of Type Icn Supernovae Point to Multiple Progenitor Channels
• DBSP_DRP: A Python package for automated spectroscopic data reduction of DBSP data
• Less than 1% of Core-Collapse Supernovae in the local universe occur in elliptical galaxies
• PTF11kx: A Type Ia Supernova with Hydrogen Emission Persisting After 3.5 Years
• Supernova Siblings and their Parent Galaxies in the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Surve
• The Interaction of Supernova 2018evt with a Substantial Amount of Circumstellar Matter -- An SN1997cy-like Event
• Common envelope to explosion delay time distribution (CEEDTD) of type Ia supernovae
• Probing the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae using Circumstellar Material Interaction Signatures

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Type Ia Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems: A Review
• Supernova Rates and Luminosity Functions from ASAS-SN I: 2014--2017 Type Ia SNe and Their Subtypes
• Sample of hydrogen-rich superluminous supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• On the diversity of strongly-interacting Type IIn supernovae
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Green Pea Galaxies (IMBH-GP) I: a Candidate Sample from LAMOST and SDSS
• Searching for late-time interaction signatures in Type Ia supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• A diverse, overlooked population of Type Ia supernovae exhibiting mid-infrared signatures of delayed circumstellar interaction
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: The secondary maximum in Type Ia supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: High-velocity components in the Si II $\lambda$6355
• A thermonuclear supernova interacting with hydrogen- and helium-deficient circumstellar material. SN 2020aeuh as a SN Ia-CSM-C/O?
• ZTF-observed late-time signals of pre-ZTF transients
• Observational diversity of bright long-lived Type II supernovae
• Candidate strongly lensed type Ia supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility archive
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• A real-time search for Type Ia Supernovae with late-time CSM interaction in ZTF
• ZTF SN Ia DR2 follow-up: Exploring the origin of the Type Ia supernova host galaxy step through Si II velocities
• X-Ray Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2018cqj