Nebular Continuum and Line Emission in Stellar Population Synthesis Models

Abstract

Accounting for nebular emission when modeling galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is important, as both line and continuum emission can contribute significantly to the total observed flux. In this work, we present a new nebular emission model integrated within the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis code that computes the total line and continuum emission for complex stellar populations using the photoionization code Cloudy. The self-consistent coupling of the nebular emission to the matched ionizing spectrum produces emission line intensities that correctly scale with the stellar population as a function of age and metallicity. This more complete model of galaxy SEDs will improve estimates of global gas properties derived with diagnostic diagrams, star formation rates based on H$\alpha$, and stellar masses derived from NIR broadband photometry. Our models agree well with results from other photoionization models and are able to reproduce observed emission from H II regions and star-forming galaxies. Our models show improved agreement with the observed H II regions in the Ne III/O II plane and show satisfactory agreement with He II emission from $z=2$ galaxies when including rotating stellar models. Models including post-asymptotic giant branch stars are able to reproduce line ratios consistent with low-ionization emission regions (LIERs).

arXiv comment35 pages, 29 figures

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• ULTIMATE-deblending I. A 50-band Ultraviolet to Mid-infrared Photometric Catalog Combining Space- and Ground-based Data in the JWST/PRIMER survey
• Impact of redshift distribution uncertainties on Lyman-break galaxy cosmological parameter inference
• The slope and scatter of the star forming main sequence at z~5 : reconciling observations with simulations
• Unveiling the Dark Side of UV/Optical Bright Galaxies: Optically Thick Dust Absorption
• A Bending in the Size-mass Relation of Star-forming Galaxies across $0.5<z<6.0$ at a Critical Stellar Mass of $10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ Revealed by JWST
• Through the fog: a complementary optical galaxy classification scheme for 'intermediate' redshifts
• Can we constrain galaxy geometry parameters using spatially integrated SED fitting?
• Discovery of a Barred-Spiral Galaxy at $z_{spec}$ = 3.16 II. The Star Formation History
• SHAPE. I. A SOM-SED hybrid approach for efficient galaxy parameter estimation leveraging JWST
• ALMA measures molecular gas reservoirs comparable to field galaxies in a low-mass galaxy cluster at z=1.3
• Changes: The Past, Present, and Future of the Nearby Dwarf Galaxy NGC 55
• Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. III: Quiescent Galaxies Loose Angular Momentum as They Evolve in a Mass-dependent Fashion
• MIDIS: Unveiling the Star Formation History in massive galaxies at $1<z<4.5$ with spectro-photometric analysis
• The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER) II. The Spatially Resolved Recent Star Formation History of M33
• GalSBI-SPS: a stellar population synthesis-based galaxy population model for cosmology and galaxy evolution applications
• SQuIGGLE: Studying Quenching in Intermediate-z Galaxies -- Gas, AnguLar Momentum, and Evolution
• Oxyster: A Circumgalactic Low-ionization Oxygen Nebula next to a Starburst Galaxy at $z\sim 1$
• Ram-pressure stripping caught in action in a young cluster at $z=2.51$
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue