Extreme Neutral Outflow in a non-AGN Quiescent Galaxy at z~1.3

Abstract

We report the discovery of a substantial sodium doublet (Na D $\lambda \lambda$5890, 5896Å)-traced neutral outflow in the quiescent galaxy JADES-GS-206183 at $z=1.317$. Its JWST/NIRSpec-MSA spectrum shows a deep, blueshifted Na D absorption, revealing a neutral outflow with $v_{\mathrm{out}}=828_{-49}^{+79}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and a mass outflow rate of $\log ({\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{out}}/{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1})=2.40_{-0.16}^{+0.11}$. This outflow rate exceeds that of any neutral outflows identified beyond $z\sim 1$ by the same line and is comparable with those in local galaxies with intensive star formation or luminous AGN. JADES-GS-206183 is also a peculiar quiescent galaxy with a spiral$+$bar morphology, high dust attenuation ($A_V=2.27\pm 0.23$ mag). Paschen $\alpha$ (Pa$\alpha$) emission from the FRESCO NIRCam grism confirms its low star formation rate ($\mathrm{SF}{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{Pa}\alpha }=10.78\pm 0.55{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$), placing it 0.5 dex below the main-sequence ($\log (sSFR/y{\mathrm{r}}^{-1})=-10.2$). Despite the systematics introduced by different star formation history (SFH) priors, the SED modeling, combining HST-to-NIRCam photometry with the VLT/MUSE spectrum, suggests that JADES-GS-206183 experienced an older episode of star formation 0.5-2 Gyr ago and a possible rejuvenation within recent $\sim$10 Myr. Moreover, rest-frame optical lines indicate that the current AGN activity of JADES-GS-206183, if present, is also weak. Even though we tentatively detect a broad component of the H$\alpha$ line, it likely traces an ionized outflow rather than an AGN. The results demonstrate that the Na D outflow in JADES-GS-206183 is highly unlikely to be driven by current star formation or nuclear activity. Instead, it may represent a long-lasting fossil outflow from past AGN activity, potentially co-triggered with the early phase of rejuvenation.

24 pages, 12 figure, Accepted for publication in ApJ

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