Evolution of Gas Flows along the Starburst to Post-Starburst to Quiescent Galaxy Sequence

Abstract

We measure velocity offsets in the NaI $\lambda \lambda 5890,5896$ (Na D) interstellar medium absorption lines to track how neutral galactic winds change as their host galaxies evolve. Our sample of $\sim$80,000 SDSS spectra at $0.010<z<0.325$ includes starburst, post-starburst, and quiescent galaxies, forming an evolutionary sequence of declining star formation rate (SFR). We detect bulk flows across this sequence, mostly at higher host stellar masses($log(M_{\star }/M_{\odot })>10$). Along this sequence, the fraction of outflows decreases ($76\pm 2\%$ to $65\pm 4\%$ to a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of $34\%$), and the mean velocity offset changes from outflowing to inflowing ($-84.6\pm 5.9$ to $-71.6\pm 11.4$ to $76.6\pm 2.3km{s}^{-1}$). Even within the post-starburst sample, wind speed decreases with time elapsed since the starburst ended. These results reveal that outflows diminish as galaxies age. For post-starbursts, there is evidence for an AGN contribution, especially to the speediest outflows: 1) SFR declines faster in time than outflow velocity, a decoupling arguing against massive stellar feedback; 2) of the few outflows strong enough to escape the interstellar medium (9/105), three of the four hosts with measured emission lines are Seyfert galaxies. For disky starburst galaxies, however, the trends suggest flows out of the stellar disk plane (with outflow 1/2-opening angle $>45$ degree) instead of from the nucleus: the wind velocity decreases as the disk becomes more edge-on, and the outflow fraction, constant at $\sim$90$\%$ for disk inclinations $i<45$ degree, steadily decreases from $\sim$90 to 20$\%$ for $i>45$ degree.

arXiv comment22 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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