The Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: 7 Ms Source Catalogs

Abstract

We present X-ray source catalogs for the $\approx 7$ Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2 arcmin${}^2$. Utilizing WAVDETECT for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, we create a main source catalog containing 1008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5-7.0 keV, 0.5-2.0 keV, and 2-7 keV. A supplementary source catalog is also provided including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright ($K_s\le 23$) near-infrared counterparts. We identify multiwavelength counterparts for 992 (98.4%) of the main-catalog sources, and we collect redshifts for 986 of these sources, including 653 spectroscopic redshifts and 333 photometric redshifts. Based on the X-ray and multiwavelength properties, we identify 711 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the main-catalog sources. Compared to the previous $\approx 4$ Ms CDF-S catalogs, 291 of the main-catalog sources are new detections. We have achieved unprecedented X-ray sensitivity with average flux limits over the central $\approx 1$ arcmin${}^2$ region of $\approx 1.9\times 10^{-17}$, $6.4\times 10^{-18}$, and $2.7\times 10^{-17}$ erg cm${}^{-2}$ s${}^{-1}$ in the three X-ray bands, respectively. We provide cumulative number-count measurements observing, for the first time, that normal galaxies start to dominate the X-ray source population at the faintest 0.5-2.0 keV flux levels. The highest X-ray source density reaches $\approx 50500$ deg${}^{-2}$, and $47\%\pm 4\%$ of these sources are AGNs ($\approx 23900$ deg${}^{-2}$).

arXiv comment31 pages, 31 figures, 8 tables, ApJS in press, minor text updates; full-resolution PDF version and data products available at http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/cdfs/cdfs-chandra.html

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• The Stellar Age Dependence of X-ray Emission from Normal Star-Forming Galaxies in the GOODS Fields
• Accretion properties of X-ray AGN: Evidence for radiation-regulated obscuration with redshift-dependent host galaxy contribution
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: the XMM-Newton X-ray source catalog and multi-band counterparts
• Exploring the Mass Segregation Effect of X-ray Sources in Globular Clusters: The Case of 47 Tucanae
• A multi-wavelength study of a massive, active galaxy at $z\sim 2$: coupling the kinematics of the ionized and molecular gas
• Properties of the interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies at redshifts 2 < z < 5 from the VANDELS survey
• The Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) I. Sample selection
• Relativistic accretion disk reflection in AGN X-ray spectra at z=0.5--4: a study of four \textit{Chandra} deep fields
• Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signals from Accretion Disk Coronae of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Spatially resolved mass-metallicity relation at z~0.26 from the MUSE-Wide Survey
• SUPER VIII. Fast and Furious at $z\sim 2$: obscured type-2 active nuclei host faster ionised winds than type-1 systems
• Insights into the reionization epoch from cosmic-noon-CIV emitters in the VANDELS survey
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey of the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field
• Measuring the average molecular gas content of star-forming galaxies at $z=3-4$
• Piercing through Highly Obscured and Compton-thick AGNs in the Chandra Deep Fields. II. Are Highly Obscured AGNs the Missing Link in the Merger-Triggered AGN-Galaxy Coevolution Models?
• Revisiting the Properties of X-ray AGN in the SSA22 Protocluster: Normal SMBH and Host-Galaxy Growth for AGN in a $z=3.09$ Overdensity
• SUPER VII. Morphology and kinematics of H$\alpha$ emission in AGN host galaxies at Cosmic noon using SINFONI
• Constraining the cosmic UV background at z>3 with MUSE Lyman-α emission observations
• Clustering dependence on Lyman-$\alpha$ luminosity from MUSE surveys at $3<z<6$
• X-ray luminosity-star formation rate scaling relation: Constraints from the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS)
• The universal shape of the X-ray variability power spectrum of AGN up to $z\sim 3$
• Median Surface Brightness Profiles of Lyman-$\alpha$ Haloes in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field
• Variability-selected low-luminosity active galactic nuclei candidates in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Radio AGN Selection and Characterization in Three Deep-Drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time
• GA-NIFS: A galaxy-wide outflow in a Compton-thick mini-BAL quasar at z = 3.5 probed in emission and absorption
• Prospects of detecting soft X-ray emission from typical WHIM filaments around massive clusters and the Coma cluster soft excess
• A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). IV. The Submillimeter Properties of X-ray Sources in the CDF-S
• JADES: Rest-frame UV-to-NIR Size Evolution of Massive Quiescent Galaxies from Redshift z=5 to z=0.5
• The resolved chemical abundance properties within the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies at $\text{z}\approx 1.5$
• On the Absence of High-Redshift AGNs: Little Growth in the Supermassive Black Hole Population at High Redshifts
• The infrared-luminous progenitors of high-z quasars
• CLEAR: The Morphological Evolution of Galaxies in the Green Valley
• The VANDELS Survey: New constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 < z < 5.5
• Cospatial Star Formation and Supermassive Black Hole Growth in $z\sim 3$ Galaxies: Evidence for In-situ Co-evolution
• Physical properties of the CDFS X-ray sources through fitting spectral energy distributions
• PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field II
• What do observations tell us about the highest-redshift supermassive black holes?
• On the Impact of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation on Derived Star Formation Histories: Results from Disk Galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Fields
• Exploring black-hole scaling relations via the ensemble variability of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Next Generation X-ray Galaxy Survey with eROSITA
• ALMA 26 arcmin${}^2$ survey of GOODS-S at one-millimeter (ASAGAO): millimeter properties of stellar mass selected galaxies
• Galaxies of the $z\sim 2$ Universe. I. Grism-Selected Rest-Frame Optical Emission Line Galaxies
• Do current X-ray observations capture most of the black-hole accretion at high redshifts?
• Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: No Evidence for Evolution in X-ray Variability
• The ATLAS 9.0 GHz Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Faint 9.0 GHz Radio Population
• The incidence of AGN in galaxies with different stellar population ages
• Exploring the Mass Segregation Effect of X-ray Sources in Globular Clusters. II. The Case of Terzan 5
• CLEAR: Spatially Resolved Emission Lines and Active Galactic Nuclei at $0.6<z<1.3$
• PRIMER & JADES reveal an abundance of massive quiescent galaxies at 2 < z < 5
• Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0<z<4$
• Dust Temperature of Compact Star-forming Galaxies at $z\sim 1-3$ in 3D-{\it HST}/CANDELS
• Constraints on the X-ray Luminosity Function of AGN at z=5.7-6.4 with the Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey
• The tight correlation of PAH and CO emission from z~0-4
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): the hard X-ray selected sample
• Surveys of the Cosmic X-ray Background
• Structures, stellar population properties, AGN fractions, and environments of massive compact galaxies at $1<z<2$ in 3D--{\it HST}/CANDELS
• An X-ray Detection of Star Formation In a Highly Magnified Giant Arc
• Searching for Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Active Galactic Nuclei of the Chandra Deep Field South
• Dark Energy Survey Identification of A Low-Mass Active Galactic Nucleus at Redshift 0.823 from Optical Variability
• The effect of the morphological quenching mechanism on star formation activity at 0.5 < z < 1.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
• New JWST redshifts for the host galaxies of CDF-S XT1 and XT2: understanding their nature
• The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies I: A comparison of AGN and star-forming galaxy SED fits
• XXL-HSC: An updated catalogue of high-redshift ($z⩾3.5$) X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL northern field. Constraints on the bright end of the soft logN-logS
• The connection between stellar mass, age and quenching timescale in massive quiescent galaxies at $z\simeq 1$
• Galaxy luminosity functions at redshifts 0.6 to 1.2 in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Active galactic nuclei-heated dust revealed in "little red dots"
• A galactic outflow traced by its extended Mg II emission out to a $\sim 30$ kpc radius in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with MUSE
• Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly-alpha emitters at z>3 to Lyman continuum escape
• High-Redshift AGNs and the Next Decade of Chandra and XMM-Newton
• Surveying the onset and evolution of supermassive black holes at high-z with AXIS
• Quantifying Observational Projection Effects with a Simulation-based hot CGM model
• Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in the local Universe
• An empirical approach to selecting the first growing black hole seeds with JWST/NIRCam
• Periodic X-ray sources in the Massive Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae: Evidence for Dynamically Formed Cataclysmic Variables
• Multi-wavelength Selected Compton-thick AGNs in Chandra Deep Field-South Survey
• Chandra Observations of Excess Fe K$\alpha$ Line Emission in Galaxies with High Star Formation Rates: X-ray Reflection on Galaxy Scales?
• Compton-thick active galactic nuclei from the 7 Ms observation in the Chandra Deep Field South
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: unveiling rare, buried AGNs and detecting the contributors to the peak of the Cosmic X-ray Background
• Studying the ICM in clusters of galaxies via surface brightness fluctuations of the cosmic X-ray background
• SMBH Seeds: Model Discrimination with High Energy Emission Based on Scaling Relation Evolution
• Measuring Stellar Masses of Emission Line Galaxies at 1.2<z<1.9
• eROSITA narrowband maps at the energies of soft X-ray emission lines
• The Spatial Correlation of High Mass X-ray Binaries and Young Star Clusters in Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies
• Candidate z ~ 2.5 Lyman Continuum Sources in the GOODS Fields
• Unresolved z~8 point sources and their impact on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function
• The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S. X. X-ray variability of bright sources
• The Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey (ExSeSS) -- I. Survey definition and measurements of the X-ray number counts
• MAMBO -- An empirical galaxy and AGN mock catalogue for the exploitation of future surveys
• The leakage of Lyman-continuum photons from a major merger at $z\sim 1$
• Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys
• Identifying Lyα emitter candidates with Random Forest: learning from galaxies in CANDELS survey
• Stellar, Gas, and Dust Emission of Star Forming Galaxies out to z~2
• Exploring Gravitationally-Lensed $z\gtrsim 6$ X-ray AGN Behind the RELICS clusters
• Bright Compact Bulges (BCBs) at intermediate redshifts
• Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP Wide field
• A Multiwavelength Machine-learning Approach to Classifying X-ray Sources in the Fields of Unidentified 4FGL-DR4 sources
• Redshift identification of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei in the J1030 field: searching for large-scale structures and high-redshift sources
• UV-FIR SED modeling of AGN in IR-luminous galaxies up to z~2.5: Understanding the effects of torus models
• The Importance of Dust Distribution in Ionizing-photon Escape: NIRCam and MIRI Imaging of a Lyman Continuum-emitting Galaxy at z ~ 3.8
• Galaxy Properties Derived with Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting in the Hawaii-Hubble Deep Field-North
• Variability and transient search in the SUDARE-VOICE field: a new method to extract the light curves
• The source number counts at high energies: SWIFT vs. NuSTAR
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Large-scale view of the Centaurus cluster
• Extremely Low Molecular Gas Content in the Vicinity of a Red Nugget Galaxy at $z=1.91$
• Cosmic Stillness: High Quiescent Galaxy Fractions Across Upper Mass Scales in the Early Universe to z = 7 with JWST
• Spectrophotometric Redshifts In The Faint Infrared Grism Survey: Finding Overdensities Of Faint Galaxies
• The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite
• A Probabilistic Method of Background Removal for High Energy Astrophysics Data
• Decoupled Black Hole Accretion and Quenching: The Relationship Between BHAR, SFR, and Quenching in Milky Way and Andromeda-mass Progenitors Since z = 2.5
• Large-scale clustering of buried X-ray AGN: Trends in AGN obscuration and redshift evolution
• Extreme Neutral Outflow in a non-AGN Quiescent Galaxy at z~1.3
• A Complete 16 micron-Selected Galaxy Sample at $z\sim 1$: Mid-infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The effect of active galactic nucleus feedback on the integrated properties of galaxies at different stages of their evolution
• Detection of pure warm-hot intergalactic medium emission from a $7.2$ Mpc long filament in the Shapley supercluster using X-ray spectroscopy
• The VANDELS Survey: Star formation and quenching in two over-densities at 3 < z < 4
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Green Valley at z$\sim$0.7
• A Simulation Study for the Expected Performance of Sharjah-Sat-1 payload improved X-Ray Detector (iXRD) in the Orbital Background Radiation
• saprEMo: a simplified algorithm for predicting detections of electromagnetic transients in surveys
• The Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) III. A red quasar with extremely high equivalent widths showing powerful outflows
• The Impact of Inclination-dependent Attenuation on Ultraviolet Star Formation Rate Tracers
• Discovery of faint double-peak Halpha emission in the halo of low redshift galaxies
• The Dawn of Black Holes
• Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods II: Population inference
• Point source contribution to the Diffuse X-ray Background below 1 keV and its effect on our understanding of the circum-galactic medium
• The Lockman--SpReSO project. Main properties of infrared selected star-forming galaxies
• Improved SED-Fitting Assumptions Result in Inside-Out Quenching at $z\sim 0.5$ and Quenching at All Radii Simultaneously at $z\sim 1$
• Does the lockstep growth between black holes and bulges create their mass relation?
• Active Galactic Nuclei and their demography through cosmic time
• LBT-MODS spectroscopy of high-redshift candidates in the Chandra J1030 field. A newly discovered z$\sim$2.8 large scale structure
• X-Ray Optics for Astrophysics: a historical review
• Spatially Extended Low Ionization Emission Regions (LIERs) at $z\sim 0.9$
• X-ray Unveiling Events in a z~1.6 Active Galactic Nucleus in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Automated algorithms to build Active Galactic Nuclei classifiers
• X-ray and optical analysis of the distant, merging double cluster SPT-CLJ2228-5828, its gas bridge, and shock front
• Exploratory X-Ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: Extended Time-Series Analyses and Stacked Imaging Spectroscopy
• A unique distant submillimeter galaxy with an X-ray-obscured radio-luminous active galactic nucleus
• Spectral Properties Of Populations Behind The Coherence In Spitzer Near-Infrared And Chandra X-Ray Backgrounds
• A Search for a Contribution from Axion-Like Particles to the X-Ray Diffuse Background Utilizing the Earth's Magnetic Field
• Enhanced AGN Activity in Overdense Galactic Environments at $2<z<4$
• The X-ray weakness of Little Red Dots and JWST-selected AGN: comparison with local AGN in different accretion regimes
• Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields
• Compact dust-obscured star-formation and the origin of the galaxy bimodality
• A High-resolution Far-infrared Survey to Probe Black Hole-Galaxy Co-evolution
• Magnetic Reconnection as a Potential Driver of X-ray Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Lower-Luminosity Obscured AGN Host Galaxies are Not Predominantly in Major-Merging Systems at Cosmic Noon
• Fast X-ray Transients produced by Off-axis Jet-Cocoons from Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• X-ray flux -- mass relation for $z\gtrsim 0.7$ galaxy clusters
• An X-ray-Emitting Proto-Cluster at $z\approx 5.7$ Reveals Rapid Structure Growth
• The Faintest, Extremely Variable X-ray Tidal Disruption Event from a Supermassive Black Hole Binary?
• Identifying Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the COSMOS. II. Searching among mid-infrared selected AGNs
• X-ray analysis of the Planck-detected triplet-cluster system PLCK G334.8-38
• A Fundamental Plane in X-ray Binary Activity of External Galaxies
• Optical Counterparts to X-ray sources in LSST DP1
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• A catalog of X-ray point sources in the Abell 133 region
• The Lockman-SpReSO project. Galactic flows in a sample of far-infrared galaxies
• The Compact Star-Forming Galaxies at $2<z<3$ in 3D-HST/CANDELS: AGN and Non-AGN Physical Properties
• Identification of high-redshift X-ray active galactic nuclei in the 4XMM-DR11 serendipitous catalogue using DES data: Comparative analysis with optically-selected QSOs
• The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies II: an ALMA comparison of SMG dust heating mechanisms
• Ciii]$\lambda 1909$ emission as an alternative to Ly$\alpha$ in the reionization era: the dependence of Ciii] and Ly$\alpha$ at $3<z<4$ from the VANDELS survey
• Extended H$\alpha$ over compact far-infrared continuum in dusty submillimeter galaxies -- Insights into dust distributions and star-formation rates at $z\sim 2$
• The $\text{NuSTAR}$ Extragalactic Surveys: Source Catalogs from the Extended $\text{Chandra}$ Deep Field-South and the $\text{Chandra}$ Deep Field-North
• Morphological Transformation and Star Formation Quenching of Massive Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
• Extracting latent representations from X-ray spectra. Classification, regression, and accretion signatures of Chandra sources
• X-ray sources in the 1.75 Ms Ultra Narrow Deep Field observed by XMM-Newton
• The XMM Deep Survey in the CDFS
• Quiescent Host Galaxies of Extended Quasars Revealed by Spectrophotometric Decomposition
• The Drivers of the Decline in Supermassive Black Hole Growth at $z<2$
• The cosmic environment overtakes the local density in shaping galaxy star formation
• MIDIS: Quantifying the AGN component of X-ray-detected galaxies
• X-raying the galaxy pair Arp 41: no collision in NGC 1232 and three ultraluminous sources in NGC 1232A