Surveys of the Cosmic X-ray Background

Abstract

We provide a highly concise overview of what X-ray surveys and their multiwavelength follow-up have revealed about the nature of the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) and its constituent sources. We first describe early global studies of the CXRB, the development of imaging CXRB surveys, and the resolved CXRB fraction. Second, we detail the sources detected in CXRB surveys describing their identification, classification, and basic nature. Third, since active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are the main contributors to the CXRB, we discuss some key insights about their demographics, physics, and ecology that have come from CXRB surveys. Finally, we highlight future prospects for the field.

Invited chapter for the "Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics" (Eds. C. Bambi and A. Santangelo, Springer Singapore, 2022), accepted (38 pages)

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• GA-NIFS: Early-stage feedback in a heavily obscured AGN at $z=4.76$
• X-ray selected broad absorption line quasars in SDSS-V: BALs and non-BALs span the same range of X-ray properties
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• The Drivers of the Decline in Supermassive Black Hole Growth at $z<2$