Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0<z<4$

Abstract

Recent deep and wide radio surveys extend the studies for radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) to lower luminosities and higher redshifts, providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a sample of ~ 500,000 galaxies at 0 < z < 4 in GOODS-N, GOODS-S, and COSMOS fields. Combining deep radio data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter data, we identify 1162 radio-AGNs through radio excess relative to the FIR-radio relation. We study the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which are well described by a pure luminosity evolution of $L_{\ast }\propto (1+z{)}^{-0.31z+3.41}$ and a pure density evolution of ${\Phi }_{\ast }\propto (1+z{)}^{-0.80z+2.88}$, respectively. We derive the turnover luminosity above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. This crossover luminosity increases as increasing redshift, from $10^{22.9}$ W Hz${}^{-1}$ at z ~ 0 to $10^{25.2}$ W Hz${}^{-1}$ at z ~ 4. At full redshift range (0 < z < 4), we further derive the probability ($p_{radio}$) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN as a function of stellar mass ($M_{\ast }$), radio luminosity ($L_R$), and redshift (z), which yields $p_{radio}\propto (1+z{)}^{3.54}{M}_{\ast }^{1.02}{L}_R^{-0.90}$ for SFGs, and $p_{radio}\propto (1+z{)}^{2.38}{M}_{\ast }^{1.39}{L}_R^{-0.60}$ for QGs, respectively. It indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with larger $L_R$ than those in SFGs, and radio-AGN fraction increases towards higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs with a more rapid increase in SFGs. Further, we find that the radio-AGN fraction depends on accretion states of BHs and redshift in SFGs, while in QGs it also depends on BH (or galaxy) mass.

Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), 25 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables

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