An ultra-deep multi-band VLA survey of the faint radio sky (COSMOS-XS): New constraints on the cosmic star formation history

Abstract

We make use of ultra-deep 3 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of the COSMOS field from the multi-band COSMOS-XS survey to infer radio luminosity functions (LFs) of star-forming galaxies (SFGs). Using $\sim$1300 SFGs with redshifts out to $z\sim 4.6$, and fixing the faint and bright end shape of the radio LF to the local values, we find a strong redshift trend that can be fitted by pure luminosity evolution with the luminosity parameter given by ${\alpha }_L\propto (3.40\pm 0.11)-(0.48\pm 0.06)z$. We then combine the ultra-deep COSMOS-XS data-set with the shallower VLA-COSMOS $3\mathrm{GHz}$ large project data-set over the wider COSMOS field in order to fit for joint density+luminosity evolution, finding evidence for significant density evolution. By comparing the radio LFs to the observed far-infrared (FIR) and ultraviolet (UV) LFs, we find evidence of a significant underestimation of the UV LF by $21.6\%\pm 14.3\%$ at high redshift ($3.3<z<4.6$, integrated down to $0.03L_{z=3}^{\star }$). We derive the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) by integrating the fitted radio LFs and find that the SFRD rises up to $z\sim 1.8$ and then declines more rapidly than previous radio-based estimates. A direct comparison between the radio SFRD and a recent UV-based SFRD, where we integrate both LFs down to a consistent limit ($0.038L_{z=3}^{\star }$), reveals that the discrepancy between the radio and UV LFs translates to a significant ($\sim$1 dex) discrepancy in the derived SFRD at $z>3$, even assuming the latest dust corrections and without accounting for optically dark sources.

Submitted to ApJ; 27 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables

References in corpus (55)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• A Dust-Obscured Massive Maximum-Starburst Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.34
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• COSMOS2020: A panchromatic view of the Universe to $z\sim 10$ from two complementary catalogs
• New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z~9 to z~2 show a remarkable consistency with halo growth and a constant star formation efficiency
• Radio sources in the 6dFGS: Local luminosity functions at 1.4 GHz for star-forming galaxies and radio-loud AGN
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey: II. Source Catalog of the Large Project
• The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field: VI. Statistical properties of clusters of galaxies
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: Physical properties of 707 Sub-millimetre Galaxies
• A dominant population of optically invisible massive galaxies in the early Universe
• High-redshift star formation in the ALMA era
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: The nature, luminosity function and star formation history of dusty galaxies up to z~6
• The Star Formation History of the Universe as Revealed by Deep Radio Observations
• The far-infrared/radio correlation and radio spectral index of galaxies in the SFR-M* plane up to z 2
• The Evolution of the IR Luminosity Function and Dust-obscured Star Formation in the Last 13 Billion Years
• A Unified Catalog of Radio Objects Detected by NVSS, FIRST, WENSS, GB6, and SDSS
• New redshift z ~ 9 galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Implications for early evolution of the UV luminosity density
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Rate Calibration in Galaxies
• Are Dusty Galaxies Blue? Insights on UV Attenuation from Dust-Selected Galaxies
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey Large Program: The Infrared Excess of z=1.5-10 UV-selected Galaxies and the Implied High-Redshift Star Formation History
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Evolution of specific star formation rates out to $z\sim 5$
• The infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies is strongly M${}_{\star }$-dependent but nearly redshift-invariant since z$\sim$4
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Dust attenuation properties and obscured star formation at z~4.4-5.8
• Are high redshift Galaxies hot? - Temperature of z > 5 Galaxies and Implications on their Dust Properties
• The zCOSMOS 20k Group Catalog
• The East Asian Observatory SCUBA--2 survey of the COSMOS field: unveiling 1147 bright sub-millimeter sources across 2.6 square degrees
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Obscured Star Formation Rate Density and Main Sequence of star-forming galaxies at z>4
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep fields: The star formation rate - radio luminosity relation at low frequencies
• An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2 COSMOS field
• The dust un-biased cosmic star formation history from the 20 cm VLA-COSMOS survey
• Evolution of cosmic star formation in the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey
• COLDz: A High Space Density of Massive Dusty Starburst Galaxies ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• An ALMA survey of the S2CLS UDS field: Optically invisible submillimetre galaxies
• Modeling the spectral energy distribution of ULIRGs I: the radio spectra
• Illuminating the dark side of cosmic star formation two billion years after the Big Bang
• SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES): Faint-End Counts at 450 um
• The non-linear infrared-radio correlation of low-z galaxies: implications for redshift evolution, a new radio SFR recipe, and how to minimize selection bias
• Interferometric detections of GOODS 850-5 at 1 mm and 1.4 GHz
• A${}^3$COSMOS: The Dust Attenuation of Star-Forming Galaxies at $z=2.5-4.0$ from the COSMOS-ALMA Archive
• A new estimate of the cosmic star formation density from a radio-selected sample, and the contribution of $H$-dark galaxies at $z\ge 3$
• UVUDF: UV Luminosity Functions at the cosmic high-noon
• A Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): the Nature of the Ultra-faint Radio Population
• The infrared-radio correlation of spheroid- and disc-dominated star-forming galaxies to z $\sim$ 1.5 in the COSMOS field
• An Ultra-deep Multi-band VLA Survey of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): Source Catalog and Number Counts
• Linking the X-ray and infrared properties of star-forming galaxies at z<1.5
• SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging Eao Survey (Studies) III: Multi-wavelength properties, luminosity functions and preliminary source catalog of 450-$\mu$m-selected galaxies
• Radio Sources in the Nearby Universe
• Cosmic Star-Formation History Measured at 1.4 GHz
• An ALMA Survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS Field: The Far-infrared/Radio correlation for High-redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
• AGN and star formation across cosmic time
• COLDz: Deep 34 GHz Continuum Observations and Free-free Emission in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
• A deep radio view of the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate density from a stellar-mass selected sample in VLA-COSMOS

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0<z<4$
• JWST PRIMER: A deep JWST study of all ALMA-detected galaxies in PRIMER COSMOS -- dust-obscured star-formation history back to z $\simeq$ 7
• Going deeper into the dark with COSMOS-Web: JWST unveils the total contribution of Radio-Selected NIRfaint galaxies to the cosmic Star Formation Rate Density
• Understanding the radio luminosity function of star-forming galaxies and its cosmological evolution
• PRUSSIC III -- ALMA and NOEMA survey of dense gas in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• SEMPER I. Radio Predictions for Star-Forming Galaxies at $0<z<5$
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue