An ALMA Survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS Field: The Far-infrared/Radio correlation for High-redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Abstract

We study the radio properties of 706 sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) selected at 870$\mu$m with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey map of the Ultra Deep Survey field. We detect 273 SMGs at $>4\sigma$ in deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 1.4 GHz observations, of which a subset of 45 SMGs are additionally detected in 610 MHz Giant Metre-Wave Radio Telescope imaging. We quantify the far-infrared/radio correlation through parameter $q_{\text{IR}}$, defined as the logarithmic ratio of the far-infrared and radio luminosity, and include the radio-undetected SMGs through a stacking analysis. We determine a median $q_{\text{IR}}=2.20\pm 0.03$ for the full sample, independent of redshift, which places these $z\sim 2.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies $0.44\pm 0.04$ dex below the local correlation for both normal star-forming galaxies and local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Both the lack of redshift-evolution and the offset from the local correlation are likely the result of the different physical conditions in high-redshift starburst galaxies, compared to local star-forming sources. We explain the offset through a combination of strong magnetic fields ($B\gtrsim 0.2$mG), high interstellar medium (ISM) densities and additional radio emission generated by secondary cosmic rays. While local ULIRGs are likely to have similar magnetic field strengths, we find that their compactness, in combination with a higher ISM density compared to SMGs, naturally explains why local and high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies follow a different far-infrared/radio correlation. Overall, our findings paint SMGs as a homogeneous population of galaxies, as illustrated by their tight and non-evolving far-infrared/radio correlation.

Accepted for publication in ApJ; 18 pages + appendices; 7 figures in main text

References in corpus (42)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• SHARC-2 350 Micron Observations of Distant Submillimeter Selected Galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey: II. Source Catalog of the Large Project
• Kiloparsec-scale dust disks in high-redshift luminous submillimeter galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: High resolution 870um source counts
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the rest-frame far-infrared emission of sub-millimeter galaxies
• Magnetic Fields in Starburst Galaxies and The Origin of the FIR-Radio Correlation
• Signals from the Noise: Image Stacking for Quasars in the FIRST Survey
• The far-infrared/radio correlation and radio spectral index of galaxies in the SFR-M* plane up to z 2
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Rate Calibration in Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Spectroscopic redshifts
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Evolution of specific star formation rates out to $z\sim 5$
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: High-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation
• Extragalactic Zeeman Detections in OH Megamasers
• The dust un-biased cosmic star formation history from the 20 cm VLA-COSMOS survey
• The nature of sub-millimeter and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• Modeling the spectral energy distribution of ULIRGs I: the radio spectra
• Strong FUV fields drive the [CII]/FIR deficit in z~3 dusty, star-forming galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: radio properties and the far-infrared/radio correlation
• The Intrinsic Far-infrared Continua of Type-1 Quasars
• Subarcsecond international LOFAR radio images of Arp 220 at 150 MHz: A kpc-scale star forming disk surrounding nuclei with shocked outflows
• A Deep 1.2 mm Map of the Lockman Hole North Field
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Powerful Starburst Galaxies I: Modelling the Radio Continuum
• The faint radio sky: VLBA observations of the COSMOS field
• A Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): the Nature of the Ultra-faint Radio Population
• The infrared-radio correlation of spheroid- and disc-dominated star-forming galaxies to z $\sim$ 1.5 in the COSMOS field
• Radio continuum size evolution of star-forming galaxies over 0.35 < z < 2.25
• An evolution of the IR-Radio correlation at very low flux densities?
• The e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey (e-MERGE): Overview and Survey Description
• Nature of Faint Radio Sources in GOODS-North and GOODS-South Fields - I. Spectral Index and Radio-FIR Correlation
• Cosmic evolution of star-forming galaxies to $z\simeq 1.8$ in the faint low-frequency radio source population
• Tracing cool molecular gas and star formation on $\sim 100$pc scales within a $z=2.3$ galaxy
• Parsec-scale magnetic fields in Arp 220
• AGNs are not that cool: revisiting the intrinsic AGN far-infrared spectral energy distribution
• The MOSDEF Survey: Calibrating the relationship between H$\alpha$ star-formation rate and radio continuum luminosity at $1.4<z<2.6$
• Searching for obscured AGN in z $\sim$ 2 submillimetre galaxies

Cited by in corpus (15)

• The infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies is strongly M${}_{\star }$-dependent but nearly redshift-invariant since z$\sim$4
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
• An ALMA survey of the S2CLS UDS field: Optically invisible submillimetre galaxies
• A${}^3$COSMOS: A census on the molecular gas mass and extent of main-sequence galaxies across cosmic time
• Radio spectral properties of star-forming galaxies in the MIGHTEE-COSMOS field and their impact on the far-infrared-radio correlation
• Resolving a dusty, star-forming SHiZELS galaxy at z=2.2 with HST, ALMA and SINFONI on kiloparsec scales
• The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/optical size of $0.3\lesssim z\lesssim 3$ star-forming galaxies
• Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field. II. Multi-wavelength AGN selection techniques and host galaxy properties
• An ultra-deep multi-band VLA survey of the faint radio sky (COSMOS-XS): New constraints on the cosmic star formation history
• A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars: I. Modelling the radio excess in red quasars
• COLDz: Deep 34 GHz Continuum Observations and Free-free Emission in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
• COLDz: Probing Cosmic Star Formation With Radio Free-free Emission
• Deciphering the radio star formation correlation on kpc scales II. The integrated infrared-radio continuum and star formation - radio continuum correlations
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Calibration in MIGHTEE-COSMOS Highly Star-Forming Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3.5
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The infrared-radio correlation and AGN fraction of star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 4.4-5.9