An ALMA Survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS Field: The Far-infrared/Radio correlation for High-redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Abstract

We study the radio properties of 706 sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) selected at 870$\mu$m with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey map of the Ultra Deep Survey field. We detect 273 SMGs at $>4\sigma$ in deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 1.4 GHz observations, of which a subset of 45 SMGs are additionally detected in 610 MHz Giant Metre-Wave Radio Telescope imaging. We quantify the far-infrared/radio correlation through parameter $q_{\text{IR}}$, defined as the logarithmic ratio of the far-infrared and radio luminosity, and include the radio-undetected SMGs through a stacking analysis. We determine a median $q_{\text{IR}}=2.20\pm 0.03$ for the full sample, independent of redshift, which places these $z\sim 2.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies $0.44\pm 0.04$ dex below the local correlation for both normal star-forming galaxies and local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Both the lack of redshift-evolution and the offset from the local correlation are likely the result of the different physical conditions in high-redshift starburst galaxies, compared to local star-forming sources. We explain the offset through a combination of strong magnetic fields ($B\gtrsim 0.2$mG), high interstellar medium (ISM) densities and additional radio emission generated by secondary cosmic rays. While local ULIRGs are likely to have similar magnetic field strengths, we find that their compactness, in combination with a higher ISM density compared to SMGs, naturally explains why local and high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies follow a different far-infrared/radio correlation. Overall, our findings paint SMGs as a homogeneous population of galaxies, as illustrated by their tight and non-evolving far-infrared/radio correlation.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ; 18 pages + appendices; 7 figures in main text

References in corpus (114)

• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• How Massive Single Stars End their Life
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• Rotating Nuclear Rings and Extreme Starbursts in Ultraluminous Galaxies
• Unveiling Dust-enshrouded Star Formation in the Early Universe: a Sub-mm Survey of the Hubble Deep Field
• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population
• Radio Properties of Infrared Selected Galaxies in the IRAS 2 Jy Sample
• The Molecular Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Calibrating Extinction-Free Star Formation Rate Diagnostics with 33GHz Free-Free Emission in NGC6946
• Submillimeter Galaxies
• Estimating Star Formation Rates from Infrared and Radio Luminosities: The Origin of the Radio-Infrared Correlation
• Dusty star forming galaxies at high redshift
• The star formation history of mass-selected galaxies in the COSMOS field
• A survey of molecular gas in luminous sub-millimetre galaxies
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Continuum data and source catalog release
• The LABOCA Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
• A hyperluminous galaxy at z = 2.8 found in a deep submillimetre survey
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimetre Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Far-Infrared Properties of SMGs
• SHARC-2 350 Micron Observations of Distant Submillimeter Selected Galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Redshift Distribution and Evolution of Submillimeter Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source catalog and multiplicity
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey: II. Source Catalog of the Large Project
• Kiloparsec-scale dust disks in high-redshift luminous submillimeter galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: High resolution 870um source counts
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: Physical properties of 707 Sub-millimetre Galaxies
• The Radio-to-Submm Spectral Index as a Redshift Indicator
• Starburst and AGN activity in ultraluminous infrared galaxies
• The far-infrared/radio correlation as probed by Herschel
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the rest-frame far-infrared emission of sub-millimeter galaxies
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey. IV. Deep Data and Joint Catalog
• The Physics of the FIR-Radio Correlation: I. Calorimetry, Conspiracy, and Implications
• Magnetic Fields in Starburst Galaxies and The Origin of the FIR-Radio Correlation
• Signals from the Noise: Image Stacking for Quasars in the FIRST Survey
• VLA-COSMOS 3GHz Large Project: The infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies and AGN to $z\lesssim 6$
• The Stellar Mass Content of Submillimeter-Selected Galaxies
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Multiwavelength counterparts and the composition of the faint radio population
• The far-infrared/radio correlation and radio spectral index of galaxies in the SFR-M* plane up to z 2
• Faint Radio Sources and Star Formation History
• Faint Radio Sources and Star Formation History
• The VLA-COSMOS 3~GHz Large Project: AGN and host-galaxy properties out to z$\lesssim$6
• The stellar masses and specific star-formation rates of submillimetre galaxies
• The Far-Infrared--Radio Correlation at High Redshifts: Physical Considerations and Prospects for the Square Kilometer Array
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: The cosmic star formation history since z~5
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Rate Calibration in Galaxies
• The LOFAR window on star-forming galaxies and AGN - curved radio SEDs and IR-radio correlation at $0<z<2.5$
• Radio Constraints on the Identifications and Redshifts of Submm Galaxies
• The sub-mJy radio sky in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: source population
• BLAST: the far-infrared/radio correlation in distant galaxies
• Far infrared and Radio emission in dusty starburst galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Spectroscopic redshifts
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Evolution of specific star formation rates out to $z\sim 5$
• High Resolution Studies of Radio Sources in the Hubble Deep and Flanking Fields
• GOODS-Herschel: radio-excess signature of hidden AGN activity in distant star-forming galaxies
• Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole using the GMRT and VLA: I. The nature of the sub-mJy radio population
• AGN and Starburst Radio Emission from Optically Selected QSOs
• Improving the Estimation of Star formation Rates and Stellar Population Ages of High-redshift Galaxies from Broadband Photometry
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties
• Precise Identifications of Submillimeter Galaxies: Measuring the History of Massive Star-Forming Galaxies to z>5
• A new interpretation of the far-infrared - radio correlation and the expected breakdown at high redshift
• Balancing the Energy Budget between Star-Formation and AGN in High Redshift Infrared Luminous Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: High-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation
• No Evolution in the IR-Radio Relation for IR-Luminous Galaxies at z<2 in the COSMOS Field
• The Physics of the FIR-Radio Correlation: II. Synchrotron Emission as a Star-Formation Tracer in High-Redshift Galaxies
• The radio AGN population dichotomy: Green valley Seyferts versus red sequence low-excitation AGN
• Herschel-ATLAS: The far-infrared--radio correlation at z<0.5
• Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole using the GMRT and VLA: II. The spectral index of submillimetre galaxies
• The VLA Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South. IV. Source Population
• Extragalactic Zeeman Detections in OH Megamasers
• The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South - radio and mid-infrared counterparts to submillimetre galaxies
• X-UDS: The Chandra Legacy Survey of the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Field
• Radio synchrotron spectra of star-forming galaxies
• The dust un-biased cosmic star formation history from the 20 cm VLA-COSMOS survey
• Far-infrared properties of submillimeter and optically faint radio galaxies
• The nature of sub-millimeter and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• MAGPHYS+photo-z: Constraining the Physical Properties of Galaxies with Unknown Redshifts
• Modeling the spectral energy distribution of ULIRGs I: the radio spectra
• Strong FUV fields drive the [CII]/FIR deficit in z~3 dusty, star-forming galaxies
• The Lockman Hole Project: new constraints on the sub-mJy source counts from a wide-area 1.4 GHz mosaic
• The Intrinsic Far-infrared Continua of Type-1 Quasars
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: radio properties and the far-infrared/radio correlation
• No Evidence for Evolution in the Far-Infrared-Radio Correlation out to z ~ 2 in the eCDFS
• Subarcsecond international LOFAR radio images of Arp 220 at 150 MHz: A kpc-scale star forming disk surrounding nuclei with shocked outflows
• A Deep 1.2 mm Map of the Lockman Hole North Field
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Powerful Starburst Galaxies I: Modelling the Radio Continuum
• Mosaiced wide-field VLBI observations of the Lockman Hole/XMM
• The faint radio sky: VLBA observations of the COSMOS field
• Equipartition and Cosmic Ray Energy Densities in Central Molecular Zones of Starbursts
• Complex Radio Spectral Energy Distributions in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• A Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): the Nature of the Ultra-faint Radio Population
• The infrared-radio correlation of spheroid- and disc-dominated star-forming galaxies to z $\sim$ 1.5 in the COSMOS field
• Radio continuum size evolution of star-forming galaxies over 0.35 < z < 2.25
• An evolution of the IR-Radio correlation at very low flux densities?
• The e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey (e-MERGE): Overview and Survey Description
• Nature of Faint Radio Sources in GOODS-North and GOODS-South Fields - I. Spectral Index and Radio-FIR Correlation
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the COSMOS field: The extent of the radio-emitting region revealed by 3 GHz imaging with the Very Large Array
• Cosmic evolution of star-forming galaxies to $z\simeq 1.8$ in the faint low-frequency radio source population
• Tracing cool molecular gas and star formation on $\sim 100$pc scales within a $z=2.3$ galaxy
• Radio spectra and sizes of ALMA-identified submillimetre galaxies: evidence of age-related spectral curvature and cosmic ray diffusion?
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Average radio spectral energy distribution of highly star-forming galaxies
• The Role of Magnetic Fields in Starburst Galaxies as Revealed by OH Megamasers
• Deep, ultra-high-resolution radio imaging of submillimetre galaxies using Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• Parsec-scale magnetic fields in Arp 220
• An ALMA survey of sub-millimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Sub-millimeter properties of color-selected galaxies
• AGNs are not that cool: revisiting the intrinsic AGN far-infrared spectral energy distribution
• High Sensitivity Array Observations of the z=1.87 Sub-Millimeter Galaxy GOODS 850-3
• The MOSDEF Survey: Calibrating the relationship between H$\alpha$ star-formation rate and radio continuum luminosity at $1.4<z<2.6$
• Searching for obscured AGN in z $\sim$ 2 submillimetre galaxies

Cited by in corpus (15)

• The infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies is strongly M${}_{\star }$-dependent but nearly redshift-invariant since z$\sim$4
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
• An ALMA survey of the S2CLS UDS field: Optically invisible submillimetre galaxies
• A${}^3$COSMOS: A census on the molecular gas mass and extent of main-sequence galaxies across cosmic time
• Radio spectral properties of star-forming galaxies in the MIGHTEE-COSMOS field and their impact on the far-infrared-radio correlation
• Resolving a dusty, star-forming SHiZELS galaxy at z=2.2 with HST, ALMA and SINFONI on kiloparsec scales
• The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/optical size of $0.3\lesssim z\lesssim 3$ star-forming galaxies
• Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field. II. Multi-wavelength AGN selection techniques and host galaxy properties
• An ultra-deep multi-band VLA survey of the faint radio sky (COSMOS-XS): New constraints on the cosmic star formation history
• A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars: I. Modelling the radio excess in red quasars
• COLDz: Deep 34 GHz Continuum Observations and Free-free Emission in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
• COLDz: Probing Cosmic Star Formation With Radio Free-free Emission
• Deciphering the radio star formation correlation on kpc scales II. The integrated infrared-radio continuum and star formation - radio continuum correlations
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Calibration in MIGHTEE-COSMOS Highly Star-Forming Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3.5
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The infrared-radio correlation and AGN fraction of star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 4.4-5.9