Kiloparsec-scale dust disks in high-redshift luminous submillimeter galaxies

Abstract

We present high-resolution (0.16$"$) 870um Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging of 16 luminous (L_IR ~ 4 x 10^12 L_sun) submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) from the ALESS survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. This dust imaging traces the dust-obscured star formation in these z~2.5 galaxies on ~1.3 kpc scales. The emission has a median effective radius of $R_e=0.24"\pm 0.02"$, corresponding to a typical physical size of $R_e=1.8\pm$0.2 kpc. We derive a median Sérsic index of $n=0.9\pm 0.2$, implying that the dust emission is remarkably disk-like at the current resolution and sensitivity. We use different weighting schemes with the visibilities to search for clumps on 0.12$"$ (~1.0 kpc) scales, but we find no significant evidence for clumping in the majority of cases. Indeed, we demonstrate using simulations that the observed morphologies are generally consistent with smooth exponential disks, suggesting that caution should be exercised when identifying candidate clumps in even moderate S/N interferometric data. We compare our maps to comparable-resolution HST H${}_{160}$-band images, finding that the stellar morphologies appear significantly more extended and disturbed, and suggesting that major mergers may be responsible for driving the formation of the compact dust disks we observe. The stark contrast between the obscured and unobscured morphologies may also have implications for SED fitting routines that assume the dust is co-located with the optical/near-IR continuum emission. Finally, we discuss the potential of the current bursts of star formation to transform the observed galaxy sizes and light profiles, showing that the $z\sim 0$ descendants of these SMGs are expected to have stellar masses, effective radii, and gas surface densities consistent with the most compact massive (M_* ~ 1-2 x 10^11 M_sun) early-type galaxies observed locally.

arXiv comment16 pages, 11 figures, includes revisions recommended by ApJ referee

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• Low-frequency radio spectra of submillimetre galaxies in the Lockman Hole
• Molecular Gas Excitation of the Massive Dusty Starburst CRLE and the Main-Sequence Galaxy HZ10 at z=5.7 in the COSMOS Field
• Dynamical Properties of Molecular-forming Gas Clumps in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
• CO(1--0) imaging reveals 10-kiloparsec molecular gas reservoirs around star-forming galaxies at high redshift
• Ammonia in the interstellar medium of a starbursting disc at z=2.6
• Dust emission from the bulk of galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
• Prospects of observation of gravitationally lensed sources by space submillimeter telescopes
• A subarcsecond near-infrared view of massive galaxies at z > 1 with Gemini Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics
• "Dust Giant": Extended and Clumpy Star-Formation in a Massive Dusty Galaxy at $z=1.38$
• PRUSSIC III -- ALMA and NOEMA survey of dense gas in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• Does the lockstep growth between black holes and bulges create their mass relation?
• JWST reveals extended stellar disks for ALMA-bright dusty star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster
• Infrared Galaxies in the Field of the Massive Cluster Abell S1063: Discovery of a Luminous Kiloparsec-Sized HII Region in a Gravitationally Lensed IR-Luminous Galaxy at $z=0.6$
• Unveiling the Dark Side of UV/Optical Bright Galaxies: Optically Thick Dust Absorption
• A PAH deficit in the starburst core of a distant spiral galaxy
• Investigating the role of turbulence in the interstellar medium in $z\sim 3$ dusty star-forming galaxies using kpc-resolution ALMA dust and gas maps
• Disclosing Submillimeter Galaxy Formation: Mergers or Secular Evolution?
• Extended H$\alpha$ over compact far-infrared continuum in dusty submillimeter galaxies -- Insights into dust distributions and star-formation rates at $z\sim 2$
• Extensive Lensing Survey of Optical and Near-Infrared Dark Objects (El Sonido): HST H-Faint Galaxies behind 101 Lensing Clusters
• Spatial disconnection between stellar and dust emissions: the test of the Antennae Galaxies (Arp 244)
• The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies II: an ALMA comparison of SMG dust heating mechanisms