Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Detection of dust emission in multiple images of a normal galaxy at $z>4$ lensed by a Frontier Fields cluster

Abstract

We directly detect dust emission in an optically-detected, multiply-imaged galaxy lensed by the Frontier Fields cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745. We detect two images of the same galaxy at 1.1mm with the AzTEC camera on the Large Millimeter Telescope leaving no ambiguity in the counterpart identification. This galaxy, MACS071_Az9, is at z>4 and the strong lensing model (mu=7.5) allows us to calculate an intrinsic IR luminosity of 9.7e10 Lsun and an obscured star formation rate of 14.6 +/- 4.5 Msun/yr. The unobscured star formation rate from the UV is only 4.1 +/- 0.3 Msun/yr which means the total star formation rate (18.7 +/- 4.5 Msun/yr) is dominated (75-80%) by the obscured component. With an intrinsic stellar mass of only 6.9e9Msun, MACS0717_Az9 is one of only a handful of z>4 galaxies at these lower masses that is detected in dust emission. This galaxy lies close to the estimated star formation sequence at this epoch. However, it does not lie on the dust obscuration relation (IRX-beta) for local starburst galaxies and is instead consistent with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) attenuation law. This remarkable lower mass galaxy showing signs of both low metallicity and high dust content may challenge our picture of dust production in the early Universe.

arXiv comment12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (60)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1 : The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z~2. I. Star formation and galaxy growth
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• Dust Absorption And The Ultraviolet Luminosity Density At z \approx 3 As Calibrated By Local Starburst Galaxies
• An ultra-deep near-infrared spectrum of a compact quiescent galaxy at z=2.2
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Functions of Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies to z = 4 from the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Survey
• Calibrating Extinction-Free Star Formation Rate Diagnostics with 33GHz Free-Free Emission in NGC6946
• Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH): An Overview
• Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• ISM masses and the star formation law at Z = 1 to 6 // ALMA observations of dust continuum in 145 galaxies in the COSMOS survey field
• UV-continuum slopes at z~4-7 from the HUDF09+ERS+CANDELS observations: Discovery of a well-defined UV-color magnitude relationship for z>=4 star-forming galaxies
• The Interstellar Medium In Galaxies Seen A Billion Years After The Big Bang
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Lensing Cluster Abell 2218
• The deepest Herschel-PACS far-infrared survey: number counts and infrared luminosity functions from combined PEP/GOODS-H observations
• A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization
• A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The Hubble Deep Field North SCUBA Super-map IV - Characterizing submillimetre galaxies using deep Spitzer imaging
• Infared Observations of Nebular Emission Lines from Galaxies at z = 3
• The infrared luminosity function of galaxies at redshifts z=1 and z~2 in the GOODS fields
• Kiloparsec-scale dust disks in high-redshift luminous submillimeter galaxies
• Tracing the molecular gas in distant submillimetre galaxies via CO(1-0) imaging with the EVLA
• The SFR-M* Relation and Empirical Star-Formation Histories from ZFOURGE at 0.5 < z < 4
• Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background
• Hubble Space Telescope Combined Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the CLASH Sample: Mass and Magnification Models and Systematic Uncertainties
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: The Infrared Excess of UV-selected z=2-10 galaxies as a function of UV-continuum Slope and Stellar Mass
• Clumpy Galaxies in CANDELS. I. The Definition of UV Clumps and the Fraction of Clumpy Galaxies at 0.5<z<3
• A unified empirical model for infrared galaxy counts based on observed physical evolution of distant galaxies
• GOODS-Herschel Measurements of the Dust Attenuation of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift: Observations of UV-Selected Galaxies at z~2
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). I. Survey overview and first data release
• AzTEC Millimetre Survey of the COSMOS Field: I. Data Reduction and Source Catalogue
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• Linking dust emission to fundamental properties in galaxies: The low-metallicity picture
• The AzTEC mm-Wavelength Camera
• Star formation and the interstellar medium in z>6 UV-luminous Lyman-break galaxies
• The role of star-formation and AGN in dust heating of z = 0.3-2.8 galaxies - I. Evolution with redshift and luminosity
• An Accounting of the Dust-Obscured Star Formation and Accretion Histories Over the Last ~11~Billion Years
• A Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS and ACS Morphological Study of z~2 Submillimetre Galaxies
• Strong-Lensing Analysis of MACS,J0717.5+3745 from Hubble Frontier Fields observations: How well can the mass distribution be constrained?
• Size bias and differential lensing of strongly lensed, dusty galaxies identified in wide-field surveys
• Dust and gas in luminous proto-cluster galaxies at z=4.05: the case for different cosmic dust evolution in normal and starburst galaxies
• The Largest Gravitational Lens: MACS J0717.5+3745 (z=0.546)
• New constraints on dust emission and UV attenuation of z=6.5-7.5 galaxies from millimeter observations
• Interferometric 890 micron Images of High Redshift Submillimeter Galaxies
• Molecular Gas in a z~2.5 Triply-Imaged, sub-mJy Submillimetre Galaxy Typical of the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Mid-Infrared Continuum Emission in a z>4 Submillimeter Galaxy
• The nature of a gravitationally lensed sub-millimetre arc in MS0451.6-0305: two interacting galaxies at z~2.9?
• Detection of CO from SMM J16359+6612, The Multiply Imaged Submillimeter Galaxy Behind A2218
• The dust content of the most metal-poor star-forming galaxies
• Hubble Frontier Field Free-Form Mass Mapping of the Massive Multiple-Merging Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745
• Ultra-deep Ks-band Imaging of the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Herschel Detection of Dust Emission from UV-Luminous Star-Forming Galaxies at 3.3<z<4.3
• A complete census of Herschel-detected infrared sources within the HST Frontier Fields

Cited by in corpus (19)

• The Dust Attenuation Law in Galaxies
• The Constant Average Relationship between Dust-obscured Star Formation and Stellar Mass from $z=0$ to $z=2.5$
• Dust attenuation in 2<z<3 star-forming galaxies from deep ALMA observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The IRX-Beta Dust Attenuation Relation in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations
• JWST unveils heavily obscured (active and passive) sources up to z~13
• Dissecting the IRX - $\beta$ dust attenuation relation: exploring the physical origin of observed variations in galaxies
• HFF-DeepSpace Photometric Catalogs of the Twelve Hubble Frontier Fields, Clusters and Parallels: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Stellar Masses
• The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: The EGS deep field - II. Morphological transformation and multi-wavelength properties of faint submillimetre galaxies
• Diversity of Galaxy Dust Attenuation Curves Drives the Scatter in the IRX-beta Relation
• ALMA reveals a stable rotating gas disk in a paradoxical low-mass, ultra-dusty galaxy at z = 4.274
• A Model Connecting Galaxy Masses, Star Formation Rates, and Dust Temperatures Across Cosmic Time
• The average dust attenuation curve at z~1.3 based on HST grism surveys
• Stellar Mass Function of Active and Quiescent Galaxies via the Continuity Equation
• Galaxy inclination and the IRX-beta relation: Effects on UV star-formation rate measurements at intermediate to high redshifts
• Revisiting Attenuation Curves: the Case of NGC 3351
• G.A.S. II: Dust extinction in galaxies; Luminosity functions and InfraRed eXcess
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Dust attenuation in high-redshift Lyman break Galaxies
• A Submillimeter Survey of Faint Galaxies Behind Ten Strong Lensing Clusters