An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Identifying candidate z~4.5 [CII] emitters

Abstract

We report the results of a search for serendipitous [CII] 157.74$\mu$m emitters at $z\sim 4.4$-$4.7$ using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The search exploits the AS2UDS continuum survey, which covers ~50 arcmin${}^2$ of the sky towards 695 luminous ($S_{870}\gtrsim 1$mJy) submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), selected from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) 0.96deg${}^2$ Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field. We detect ten candidate line emitters, with an expected false detection rate of ten percent. All of these line emitters correspond to 870$\mu$m continuum-detected sources in AS2UDS. The emission lines in two emitters appear to be high-J CO, but the remainder have multi-wavelength properties consistent with [CII] from $z\simeq 4.5$ galaxies. Using our sample, we place a lower limit of $>5\times 10^{-6}$Mpc${}^{-3}$ on the space density of luminous ($L_{\mathrm{IR}}\simeq 10^{13}$Lsun) SMGs at $z=4.40$-$4.66$, suggesting $\ge 7$percent of SMGs with $S_{870\mu \mathrm{m}}\gtrsim 1$mJy lie at $4<z<5$. From stacking the high-resolution ($\sim 0.15"$ full-width half maximum) ALMA $870\mu$m imaging, we show that the [CII] line emission is more extended than the continuum dust emission, with an average effective radius for the [CII] of $r_{\mathrm{e}}=1.7_{-0.2}^{+0.1}$kpc compared to $r_{\mathrm{e}}=1.0\pm 0.1$kpc for the continuum (rest-frame $160\mu$m). By fitting the far-infrared photometry for these galaxies from $100$-$870\mu$m, we show that SMGs at $z\sim 4.5$ have a median dust temperature of $T_{\mathrm{d}}=55\pm 4$K. This is systematically warmer than $870\mu$m-selected SMGs at $z\simeq 2$, which typically have temperatures around $35$K. These $z\simeq 4.5$ SMGs display a steeper trend in the luminosity-temperature plane than $z\le 2$ SMGs. We discuss the implications of this result in terms of the selection biases of high redshift starbursts in far-infrared/submillimeter surveys.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (97)

• Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population
• Dust Masses, PAH Abundances, and Starlight Intensities in the SINGS Galaxy Sample
• AMAZE. I. The evolution of the mass-metallicity relation at z>3
• Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES
• PHIBSS: Unified Scaling Relations of Gas Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions
• A Dust-Obscured Massive Maximum-Starburst Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.34
• The SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey I: First Measurements of the Submillimetre Luminosity and Dust Mass Functions
• A survey of molecular gas in luminous sub-millimetre galaxies
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• The Interstellar Medium In Galaxies Seen A Billion Years After The Big Bang
• The applicability of FIR fine-structure lines as Star Formation Rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities and galaxy types
• Far Infrared Spectroscopy of Normal Galaxies: Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium
• On the effect of the Cosmic Microwave Background in high-redshift (sub-)millimeter observations
• Star Formation and Gas Kinematics of Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6: New insights from ALMA
• A 158 Micron [CII] Line Survey of Galaxies at z ~ 1 to 2: An Indicator of Star Formation in the Early Universe
• The Kiloparsec-Scale Kinematics of High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies
• Intense Star Formation within Resolved Compact Regions in a Galaxy at z=2.3
• A Herschel [CII] Galactic plane survey I: the global distribution of ISM gas components
• Evolution of the dusty infrared luminosity function from z=0 to z=2.3 using observations from Spitzer
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimetre Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Far-Infrared Properties of SMGs
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Redshift Distribution and Evolution of Submillimeter Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source catalog and multiplicity
• Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Mrk231
• Kiloparsec-scale dust disks in high-redshift luminous submillimeter galaxies
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• Sub-millimeter galaxies as progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies
• A Herschel view of the far-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies
• Observations of Arp 220 using Herschel-SPIRE: An Unprecedented View of the Molecular Gas in an Extreme Star Formation Environment
• Explaining the [CII]158um Deficit in Luminous Infrared Galaxies - First Results from a Herschel/PACS Study of the GOALS Sample
• A massive, quiescent galaxy at redshift of z=3.717
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the rest-frame far-infrared emission of sub-millimeter galaxies
• A Compendium of Far-Infrared Line and Continuum Emission for 227 Galaxies Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory
• The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: A photometric redshift survey of submillimetre galaxies
• The [CII] 158 um Line Deficit in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Revisited
• Dust temperature and mid-to-total infrared color distributions for star-forming galaxies at 0<z<4
• Herschel and SCUBA-2 imaging and spectroscopy of a bright, lensed submillimetre galaxy at z = 2.3
• Far-Infrared Line Deficits in Galaxies with Extreme Lfir/MH2 Ratios
• Compact starbursts in z~3-6 submillimeter galaxies revealed by ALMA
• The [CII] 158 micron line emission in high-redshift galaxies
• Bright [CII] and dust emission in three z>6.6 quasar host galaxies observed by ALMA
• Gas and dust in a submillimeter galaxy at z = 4.24 from the Herschel ATLAS
• Far-infrared Fine-Structure Line Diagnostics of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• A Redshift Survey of Herschel Far-Infrared Selected Starbursts and Implications for Obscured Star Formation
• GALAPAGOS: From Pixels to Parameters
• The nature of the [CII] emission in dusty star-forming galaxies from the SPT survey
• Detection of atomic carbon [CII] 158 micron and dust emission from a z=7.1 quasar host galaxy
• Star formation and the interstellar medium in z>6 UV-luminous Lyman-break galaxies
• Dust temperature and CO-to-H2 conversion factor variations in the SFR-M* plane
• The Herschel census of infrared SEDs through cosmic time
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Near-infrared morphologies and stellar sizes
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Spectroscopic redshifts
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelength Properties of ALMA-identified Submillimeter Galaxies in UKIDSS-UDS
• ALMA resolves turbulent, rotating [CII] emission in a young starburst galaxy at z=4.8
• Molecular gas in the Herschel-selected strongly lensed submillimeter galaxies at z~2-4 as probed by multi-J CO lines
• Precise Identifications of Submillimeter Galaxies: Measuring the History of Massive Star-Forming Galaxies to z>5
• Deep 1.1 mm-wavelength imaging of the GOODS-South field by AzTEC/ASTE -- II. Redshift distribution and nature of the submillimetre galaxy population
• HerMES: Candidate High-Redshift Galaxies Discovered with Herschel/SPIRE
• [CII] 158 micron Luminosities and Star Formation Rate in Dusty Starbursts and AGN
• The Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey: SPIRE-mm Photometric Redshifts
• A Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS and ACS Morphological Study of z~2 Submillimetre Galaxies
• The Spatially Resolved [CII] Cooling Line Deficit in Galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: the nature of bright submm galaxies from 2 deg2 of 850-um imaging
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Search for [CII] line and dust emission in 6<z<8 galaxies
• The dust content of high-z submillimeter galaxies revealed by Herschel
• The dust and [CII] morphologies of redshift ~4.5 sub-millimeter galaxies at ~200pc resolution: The absence of large clumps in the interstellar medium of high-redshift galaxies
• A Detection of [CII] line emission in the z=4.7 QSO BR1202-0725
• Dust temperture and the submillimetre-radio flux density ratio as a redshift indicator for distant galaxies
• Massive post-starburst galaxies at z > 1 are compact proto-spheroids
• Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
• Starburst galaxies and structure in the submillimetre background towards the Hubble Deep Field
• The far-infrared emitting region in local galaxies and QSOs: Size and scaling relations
• Extended [CII] Emission in Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• The Strikingly Uniform, Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the Most Luminous Galaxy in the Universe
• HerMES: A search for high-redshift dusty galaxies in the HerMES Large Mode Survey - Catalogue, number counts and early results
• Strong C+ emission in galaxies at z~1-2: Evidence for cold flow accretion powered star formation in the early Universe
• HerMES: The Rest-Frame UV Emission and A Lensing Model for the z=6.34 Luminous Dusty Starburst Galaxy HFLS3
• Breaking the "Redshift Deadlock" -- II: The redshift distribution for the submillimetre population of galaxies
• Sub-mm Emission Line Deep Fields: CO and [CII] Luminosity Functions out to z = 6
• The ALMA Redshift 4 Survey (AR4S): I. The massive end of the z=4 main sequence of galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: The EGS deep field I - Deep number counts and the redshift distribution of the recovered Cosmic Infrared Background at 450 and 850 um
• Spatially resolved kinematics in the central 1 kpc of a compact star-forming galaxy at z=2.3 from ALMA CO observations
• Evidence for Low Extinction in Actively Star Forming Galaxies at z$>$6.5
• The inferred evolution of the cold gas properties of CANDELS galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3.0
• An imperfectly passive nature: Bright sub-millimeter emission from dust-obscured star formation in the z=3.717 "passive" system, ZF20115
• The Local [CII] 158 um Emission Line Luminosity Function
• The potential influence of far-infrared emission lines on the selection of high-redshift galaxies
• Disentangling the ISM phases of the dwarf galaxy NGC 4214 using [CII] SOFIA/GREAT observations
• The spectral energy distribution of galaxies at z > 2.5: Implications from the Herschel/SPIRE color-color diagram

Cited by in corpus (27)

• Quiescent galaxies 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang and their progenitors
• High-redshift star formation in the ALMA era
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties
• The Complete Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey
• The East Asian Observatory SCUBA--2 survey of the COSMOS field: unveiling 1147 bright sub-millimeter sources across 2.6 square degrees
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Multi-band constraints on line luminosity functions and the cosmic density of molecular gas
• Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS): I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for ~700 Galaxies at z=0.5-6
• An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2 COSMOS field
• Predictions for the spatial distribution of the dust continuum emission in 1<z<5 star-forming galaxies
• COLDz: A High Space Density of Massive Dusty Starburst Galaxies ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• The nature of sub-millimeter and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• Strong FUV fields drive the [CII]/FIR deficit in z~3 dusty, star-forming galaxies
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Bright [CII] 158 $\mu$m Lines from a Multiply Imaged Sub-$L^{\star }$ Galaxy at $z=6.0719$
• The Nature of High ${[\mathrm{OIII}]}_{88\mu \mathrm{m}}$/${[\mathrm{CII}]}_{158\mu \mathrm{m}}$ Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization: Low Carbon Abundance and a Top-Heavy IMF?
• MIRI/JWST observations reveal an extremely obscured starburst in the z=6.9 system SPT0311-58
• Multi-wavelength properties of radio and machine-learning identified counterparts to submillimeter sources in S2COSMOS
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: On the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: A Search for [CII] Emitters at $6\le z\le 8$
• Resolving the interstellar medium in the nuclear region of two z=5.78 quasar host galaxies with ALMA
• FIR-luminous [CII] emitters in the ALMA-SCUBA-2 COSMOS survey (AS2COSMOS): The nature of submillimeter galaxies in a 10 comoving Mpc-scale structure at z~4.6
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Dust emission effective radius up to 3 kpc in the Early Universe
• NOEMA confirmation of an optically dark ALMA-AzTEC submillimetre galaxy at $z=5.24$. A late-stage starburst prior to quenching
• The ALPINE-ALMA [C II] survey: the luminosity function of serendipitous [C II] line emitters at $z\sim 5$
• $\text{slick}$: Modeling a Universe of Molecular Line Luminosities in Hydrodynamical Simulations
• ALPINE: A Large Survey to Understand Teenage Galaxies
• Understanding galaxy formation and evolution through an all-sky submillimetre spectroscopic survey
• The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies II: an ALMA comparison of SMG dust heating mechanisms