ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: ALMA-Herschel Joint Study of Lensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies across $z\simeq 0.5-6$

Abstract

We present an ALMA-Herschel joint analysis of sources detected by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) at 1.15 mm. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE data at 100-500 $\mu$m are deblended for 180 ALMA sources in 33 lensing cluster fields that are either detected securely (141 sources; in our main sample) or tentatively at S/N$\ge$4 with cross-matched HST/Spitzer counterparts, down to a delensed 1.15-mm flux density of $\sim 0.02$ mJy. We performed far-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling and derived the physical properties of dusty star formation for 125 sources (109 independently) that are detected at $>2\sigma$ in at least one Herschel band. 27 secure ALCS sources are not detected in any Herschel bands, including 17 optical/near-IR-dark sources that likely reside at $z=4.2\pm 1.2$. The 16-50-84 percentiles of the redshift distribution are 1.15-2.08-3.59 for ALCS sources in the main sample, suggesting an increasing fraction of $z\simeq 1-2$ galaxies among fainter millimeter sources ($f_{1150}\sim 0.1$ mJy). With a median lensing magnification factor of $\mu =2.6_{-0.8}^{+2.6}$, ALCS sources in the main sample exhibit a median intrinsic star-formation rate of $94_{-54}^{+84}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$, lower than that of conventional submillimeter galaxies at similar redshifts by a factor of $\sim$3. Our study suggests weak or no redshift evolution of dust temperature with $L_{\mathrm{IR}}<10^{12}{\mathrm{L}}_{\odot }$ galaxies within our sample at $z\simeq 0-2$. At $L_{\mathrm{IR}}>10^{12}{\mathrm{L}}_{\odot }$, the dust temperatures show no evolution across $z\simeq 1-4$ while being lower than those in the local Universe. For the highest-redshift source in our sample ($z=6.07$), we can rule out an extreme dust temperature ($>$80 K) that was reported for MACS0416 Y1 at $z=8.31$.

44 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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