The Frontier Fields: Survey Design

Abstract

The Frontier Fields are a director's discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combine the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive high-magnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters - Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370 - were selected based on their lensing strength, sky darkness, Galactic extinction, parallel field suitability, accessibility to ground-based facilities, HST, Spitzer and JWST observability, and pre-existing ancillary data. These clusters have been targeted by the HST ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR with coordinated parallels of adjacent blank fields for over 840 HST orbits. The Spitzer Space Telescope has dedicated > 1000 hours of director's discretionary time to obtain IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 micron imaging to ~26.5, 26.0 ABmag 5-sigma point-source depths in the six cluster and six parallel Frontier Fields. The Frontier Field parallel fields are the second-deepest observations thus far by HST with ~29th ABmag 5-sigma point source depths in seven optical - near-infrared bandpasses. Galaxies behind the Frontier Field cluster lenses experience typical magnification factors of a few, with small regions near the critical curves magnified by factors 10-100. Therefore, the Frontier Field cluster HST images achieve intrinsic depths of ~30-33 magnitudes over very small volumes. Early studies of the Frontier Fields have probed galaxies fainter than any seen before during the epoch of reionization 6 < z < 10, mapped out the cluster dark matter to unprecedented resolution, and followed lensed transient events.

arXiv commentsubmitted to ApJ; 18 pages; see http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields/ and http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/approvedprograms/ddt/frontier/ for data and more information

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• Quantifying the Effects of Known Unknowns on Inferred High-redshift Galaxy Properties: Burstiness, the IMF, and Nebular Physics
• An Analysis of ALMA Deep Fields and the Perceived Dearth of High-z Galaxies
• Highly Magnified Stars in Lensing Clusters: New Evidence in a Galaxy Lensed by MACS J0416.1-2403
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Bright [CII] 158 $\mu$m Lines from a Multiply Imaged Sub-$L^{\star }$ Galaxy at $z=6.0719$
• The UNCOVER Survey: A First-look HST+JWST Catalog of Galaxy Redshifts and Stellar Population Properties Spanning $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim 15$
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. IV: Spatially resolved metallicity in a low-mass $z\sim 3$ galaxy with NIRISS
• New criteria for the selection of galaxy close pairs from cosmological simulations: evolution of the major and minor merger fraction in MUSE deep fields
• Introducing SPHINX-MHD: The Impact of Primordial Magnetic Fields on the First Galaxies, Reionization, and the Global 21cm Signal
• The production of ionizing photons in UV-faint z~3-7 galaxies
• Candidate Population III stellar complex at z=6.629 in the MUSE Deep Lensed Field
• A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• Probing the Bright End of the Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function at z = 8-10 with Hubble Pure-Parallel Imaging
• Strongly Lensed Transient Sources: A Review
• ALMA Confirmation of an Obscured Hyperluminous Radio-Loud AGN at $z=6.853$ Associated with a Dusty Starburst in the 1.5 deg${}^2$ COSMOS Field
• J-PLUS: analysis of the intracluster light in the Coma cluster
• The Growth of Intracluster Light in XCS-HSC Galaxy Clusters from $0.1<z<0.5$
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXI: Rapid assembly of a galaxy at z=6.23 revealed by its C/O abundance
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST. I: Confirmation of Lensed $z⩾7$ Lyman-Break Galaxies Behind the Abell 2744 Cluster With NIRISS
• High Equivalent Width of Hα+[N II] Emission in z~8 Lyman-break Galaxies from IRAC 5.8μm Observations: Evidence for Efficient Lyman-continuum Photon production in the Epoch of Re-ionization
• JWST reveals a possible $z\sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD
• Kinematics, Turbulence and Star Formation of z ~1 Strongly Lensed Galaxies seen with MUSE
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. II: NIRCam extra-galactic imaging and photometric catalog
• Dissection of the collisional and collisionless mass components in a mini sample of CLASH and HFF massive galaxy clusters at $z\approx 0.4$
• A Census of Sub-kiloparsec Resolution Metallicity Gradients in Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from HST Slitless Spectroscopy
• Sizes of Lensed Lower-luminosity z=4-8 Galaxies from the Hubble Frontier Field Program
• The Distribution of Ultra-Diffuse and Ultra-Compact Galaxies in the Frontier Fields
• Gas-phase metallicity gradients in galaxies at $z\sim 6-8$
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation of Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from JWST Observations
• UNCOVER: 404 Error -- Models Not Found for the Triply Imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1
• Constraints on the Faint End of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at z ~ 4-8 from Deep JWST Data
• The assembly of dusty galaxies at $z\ge 4$: the build-up of stellar mass and its scaling relations with hints from early JWST data
• Growing a `Cosmic Beast': Observations and Simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745
• Galapagos-2/Galfitm/GAMA -- multi-wavelength measurement of galaxy structure: separating the properties of spheroid and disk components in modern surveys
• The UV and Ly$\alpha$ Luminosity Functions of galaxies and the Star Formation Rate Density at the end of HI reionization from the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS)
• CLASH-VLT: Abell~S1063. Cluster assembly history and spectroscopic catalogue
• Thick Disks in the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields
• JWST FRESCO: a comprehensive census of H$\beta$+[OIII] emitters at 6.8<z<9.0 in the GOODS fields
• How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim 6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Shapes and alignments of dark matter haloes and their brightest cluster galaxies in 39 strong lensing clusters
• A lensed protocluster candidate at $z=7.66$ identified in JWST observations of the galaxy cluster SMACS0723-7327
• Spectroscopically Confirmed Lyman-Alpha Emitters from Redshift 5 to 7 Behind Ten Galaxy Cluster Lenses
• The KLEVER survey: Nitrogen abundances at $z\sim$2 and probing the existence of a fundamental nitrogen relation
• HST imaging of the brightest z~8-9 galaxies from UltraVISTA: the extreme bright end of the UV luminosity function
• JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z=2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models
• First Light: exploring the Spectra of High-Redshift Galaxies in the Renaissance Simulations
• The evolution of the size-mass relation at $z$=1-3 derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data set
• Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
• CLASH-VLT: a full dynamical reconstruction of the mass profile of Abell S1063 from 1 kpc out to the virial radius
• Clocking the formation of today's largest galaxies: Wide field integral spectroscopy of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and their surroundings
• The Ionizing Photon Production Efficiency (${\xi }_{ion}$) Of Lensed Dwarf Galaxies At $z\sim 2$
• Mass and Light of Abell 370: A Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis
• On the faint-end of the galaxy luminosity function in the Epoch of Reionization: updated constraints from the HST Frontier Fields
• The probability of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing events in hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters
• ASTRODEEP-JWST: NIRCam-HST multiband photometry and redshifts for half a million sources in six extragalactic deep fields
• PetroFit: A Python Package for Computing Petrosian Radii and Fitting Galaxy Light Profiles
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: an ALMA galaxy signposting a MUSE galaxy group at z=4.3 behind 'El Gordo'
• Faint end of the $z\sim 3-7$ luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE
• Galaxy cluster strong lensing cosmography: cosmological constraints from a sample of regular galaxy clusters
• JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5
• RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5-1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-Redshift Universe with JWST
• The Physical Properties of Luminous $z\gtrsim 8$ Galaxies and Implications for the Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density From $\sim$0.35 deg${}^2$ of (Pure-)Parallel HST Observations
• Discovery of a Possible Splashback Feature in the Intracluster Light of MACS J1149.5+2223
• Double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emission at z=6.803: a reionisation-era galaxy self-ionising its local HII bubble
• MUSE integral-field spectroscopy towards the Frontier Fields cluster Abell S1063: II. Properties of low luminosity Lyman alpha emitters at z>3
• JWST Photometric Time-Delay and Magnification Measurements for the Triply-Imaged Type Ia "Supernova H0pe" at z = 1.78
• Sub-parsec resolution cosmological simulations of star-forming clumps at high redshift with feedback of individual stars
• The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal: Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: ALMA-Herschel Joint Study of Lensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies across $z\simeq 0.5-6$
• Detection of a Large Population of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in Massive Galaxy Clusters: Abell S1063 and Abell 2744
• Deep Realistic Extragalactic Model (DREaM) Galaxy Catalogs: Predictions for a Roman Ultra-Deep Field
• A state-of-the-art strong lensing model of MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of spectroscopic multiple images
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - II. Multiwavelength Photometric analysis of 1.1mm continuum sources in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• The discovery of radio halos in the Frontier Fields clusters Abell S1063 and Abell 370
• The Lensed Lyman-Alpha MUSE Arcs Sample (LLAMAS) : I. Characterisation of extended Lyman-alpha haloes and spatial offsets
• Observing ram pressure at work in intermediate redshift clusters with MUSE: the case of Abell 2744and Abell 370
• The core of the massive cluster merger MACS J0417.5-1154 as seen by VLT/MUSE
• Beyond UVJ: Color Selection of Galaxies in the JWST Era
• An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Specific Frequencies and Luminosity Profiles of Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light in Abell 1689
• Galaxy pre-processing in substructures around z$\sim$0.4 galaxy clusters
• The Brightest Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from Scatter in the Galaxy Luminosity versus Halo Mass Relation
• JWST UNCOVER: The Overabundance of Ultraviolet-luminous Galaxies at $z>9$
• The Impact of Observing Strategy on Cosmological Constraints with LSST
• $JWST$ Insight Into a Lensed $HST$-dark Galaxy and its Quiescent Companion at $z=2.58$
• The ASTRODEEP Frontier Fields Catalogues III. Multiwavelength photometry and rest frame properties of MACS-J0717 and MACS-J1149
• SuperBoRG: Exploration of point sources at $z\sim 8$ in HST parallel fields
• Improved strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters using the Fundamental Plane: Detailed mapping of the baryonic and dark matter mass distribution of Abell S1063
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XIII. A faint, distant, and cold brown dwarf
• Three dynamically distinct stellar populations in the halo of M49
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: a strongly lensed multiply imaged dusty system at $z\ge$6
• The search for galaxy cluster members with deep learning of panchromatic HST imaging and extensive spectroscopy
• Abell 2744: Too much substructure for Lambda CDM?
• The Nature of Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in Distant Massive Galaxy Clusters: Abell 370 in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Joining X-ray to lensing: an accurate combined analysis of MACS J0416.1$-$2403
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey III: 1.1 mm Emission Line Identifications in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370, and Abell S1063
• RELICS: Strong-lensing analysis of the massive clusters MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9-40.7
• VLT/MUSE observations of SDSS J1029+2623: towards a high-precision strong lensing model
• The Stellar Mass Function in CANDELS and Frontier Fields: the build-up of low mass passive galaxies since z~3
• The PIPER Survey: I. An Initial Look at the Intergalactic Globular Cluster Population in the Perseus Cluster
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. VI: Extreme rest-optical equivalent widths detected in NIRISS Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy
• A Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies at 5.5<z<6.8: Program Overview and a Sample of the Brightest Lyman-alpha Emitters
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXII: Rest frame UV-optical spectral properties of Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at 3 $<$ z $<$ 6
• Detection of Intracluster Globular Clusters in the First JWST Images of the Gravitational Lens Cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327 at z = 0.39
• RELICS: Strong Lensing analysis of the galaxy clusters Abell S295, Abell 697, MACS J0025.4-1222, and MACS J0159.8-0849
• The shape of galaxy dark matter halos in massive galaxy clusters: Insights from strong gravitational lensing
• Modelling the M*-SFR relation at high redshift: untangling factors driving biases in the intrinsic scatter measurement
• Improving $z\sim 7-11$ Galaxy Property Estimates with JWST/NIRCam Medium-Band Photometry
• Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: a Parametric Strong Lensing Approach
• Quantified diffuse light in compact groups of galaxies
• The Strongest Cluster Lenses: An Analysis of the Relation Between Strong Gravitational Lensing Strength and the Physical Properties of Galaxy Clusters
• Assessing the photometric redshift precision of the S-PLUS survey: the Stripe-82 as a test-case
• RELICS: Properties of z>5.5 Galaxies Inferred from Spitzer and Hubble Imaging Including A Candidate z~6.8 Strong [OIII] Emitter
• A versatile tool for cluster lensing source reconstruction. I. methodology and illustration on sources in the Hubble Frontier Field Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745
• The Kormendy Relation of Galaxies in the Frontier Fields Clusters: Abell S1063 and MACS J1149.5+2223
• Quantifying the suppression of the (un)-obscured star formation in galaxy cluster cores at 0.2$\lesssim$$z$$\lesssim$0.9
• A census of optically dark massive galaxies in the early Universe from magnification by lensing galaxy clusters
• COSMOS2020: UV selected galaxies at $z\ge 7.5$
• Total mass density slopes of early-type galaxies using Jeans dynamical modelling at redshifts $0.29<z<0.55$
• On the Mass Distribution of the Intra-Cluster Light in Galaxy Groups and Clusters
• DAWIS, a Detection Algorithm with Wavelets for Intracluster light Studies
• The size-luminosity relation of lensed galaxies at $z=6-9$ in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Early results from GLASS-JWST VIII: An Extremely Magnified Blue Supergiant Star at Redshift 2.65 in the Abell 2744 Cluster Field
• SuperBoRG: Search for The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies and Quasars in HST Parallel Imaging Data
• Systematic vs. Statistical Uncertainties in Masses and Magnifications of the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Constraints on the [CII] luminosity of a proto-globular cluster at z~6 obtained with ALMA
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - IV. Lensing-corrected 1.1 mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Pilot-WINGS: An extended MUSE view of the structure of Abell 370
• Globular Clusters in High-Redshift Dwarf Galaxies: A Case Study from the Local Group
• Galaxy Formation in Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Models
• Galaxy cluster cores as seen with VLT/MUSE: new strong-lensing analyses of RX J2129.4+0009, MS 0451.6-0305 & MACSJ2129.4-0741
• Strongly lensed cluster substructures are not in tension with $\Lambda$CDM
• The Discovery of a New Massive Molecular Gas Component Associated with the Submillimeter Galaxy SMM J02399-0136
• The Strikingly Metal-Rich Halo of the Sombrero Galaxy
• CLEAR: Survey Overview, Data Analysis and Products
• MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Across the Green Valley with HST grisms: colour evolution, crossing time-scales and the growth of the red sequence at $z=1.0-1.8$
• The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
• Probability of magnification in the $\text{Hubble Frontier Fields}$ clusters
• RELICS: High-Resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z=0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from strong lensing
• Reconciling galaxy cluster shapes, measured by theorists vs observers
• MARS: A New Maximum Entropy-Regularized Strong Lensing Mass Reconstruction Method
• Beyond the Ultra-deep Frontier Fields And Legacy Observations (BUFFALO): a high-resolution strong + weak-lensing view of Abell 370
• Searches for Population III pair-instability supernovae: Predictions for ULTIMATE-Subaru and WFIRST
• Sparse Lens Inversion Technique (SLIT): lens and source separability from linear inversion of the source reconstruction problem
• A model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lensing by observables
• The complex case of MACSJ0717.5+3745 and its extended filament: intra-cluster light, galaxy luminosity function, and galaxy orientations
• COOL-LAMPS I. An Extraordinarily Bright Lensed Galaxy at Redshift 5.04
• JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$
• The Size and Pervasiveness of Ly$\alpha$-UV Spatial Offsets in Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 6$
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XXVII. The mass-metallicity relation in lensed field galaxies at cosmic noon with NIRISS
• The OSIRIS Lens-Amplified Survey (OLAS) I: Dynamical Effects of Stellar Feedback in Low Mass Galaxies at z ~ 2
• Possible Systematic Rotation in the Mature Stellar Population of a $z=9.1$ Galaxy
• Magnification Bias of Distant Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Testing Wave vs. Particle Dark Matter Predictions
• Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intra-Cluster Light: Their Mass Distribution in the Innermost Regions of Groups and Clusters
• ALMA 1.3 mm Survey of Lensed Submillimeter Galaxies (SMGs) Selected by Herschel: Discovery of Spatially Extended SMGs and Implications
• Galaxy-galaxy lensing in the outskirts of CLASH clusters: constraints on local shear and testing mass-luminosity scaling relation
• Flashlights: An Off-Caustic Lensed Star at Redshift $z$ = 1.26 in Abell 370
• The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/optical size of $0.3\lesssim z\lesssim 3$ star-forming galaxies
• Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Mass Modeling of Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 Using Strong and Weak Lensing
• Stellar Populations in the Outer Disk and Halo of the Spiral Galaxy M101
• Further support for a trio of mass-to-light deviations in Abell 370: free-form Grale lens inversion using BUFFALO strong lensing data
• Joining bits and pieces of reionization history
• Extended lens reconstructions with Grale: exploiting time domain, substructural and weak-lensing information
• Project AMIGA: Distance and Metallicity Gradients Along Andromeda's Giant Southern Stream from the Red Clump
• Metal Deficiency in Two Massive Dead Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• The Cosmic Web Around The Brightest Galaxies During The Epoch Of Reionization
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXIII: The transmission of Lyman-alpha from UV-faint z ~ 3-6 galaxies
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter, Core Collapse and the Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lensing Discrepancy
• RELICS: ICL Analysis of the $z=0.566$ merging cluster WHL J013719.8-08284
• Cosmic Reionization History and Dark Matter Scenarios
• The Legacy of Einstein's Eclipse, Gravitational Lensing
• Hamilton's Object -- a clumpy galaxy straddling the gravitational caustic of a galaxy cluster : Constraints on dark matter clumping
• Unbiased large spectroscopic surveys of galaxies selected by SPICA using dust bands
• CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 Strong Lensing Model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec and NIRCam
• Searching for supernovae in the multiply-imaged galaxies behind the gravitational telescope A370
• Where infall meets outflows: turbulent dissipation probed by CH${}^{+}$ and Ly$\alpha$ in the starburst/AGN galaxy group SMM J02399$-$0136 at z$\sim$2.8
• The Hateful Eight: Connecting Massive Substructures in Galaxy Clusters like Abell 2744 to their Dynamical Assembly State using the Magneticum Simulations
• Enhanced Star Formation Activity of Extreme Jellyfish Galaxies in Massive Clusters and the Role of Ram Pressure Stripping
• Probing the faint end Luminosity Function of Lyman Alpha Emitters at 3<z<7 behind 17 MUSE lensing clusters
• The VLA Frontier Fields Survey: Deep, High-resolution Radio Imaging of the MACS Lensing Clusters at 3 and 6 GHz
• Finite Resolution Deconvolution of Multi-Wavelength Imaging of 20,000 Galaxies in the COSMOS Field: The Evolution of Clumpy Galaxies Over Cosmic Time
• UNCOVERing the High-redshift AGN Population among Extreme UV Line Emitters
• SHARDS Frontier Fields: Physical properties of a low mass Lyman-alpha emitter at z=5.75
• Investigating the $M_{GCS}-M_h$ Relation in the Most Massive Galaxies
• Detection of Strongly Lensed Arcs in Galaxy Clusters with Transformers
• The Distance and Dynamical History of the Virgo Cluster Ultradiffuse Galaxy VCC 615
• RELICS: A Very Large (${\theta }_E\sim 40"$) Cluster Lens -- RXC J0032.1+1808
• Gaussian Process Reconstruction of Reionization History
• MUSE observations towards the lensing cluster A2744: Intersection between the LBG and LAE populations at z $\sim$ 3-7
• Exploring the low-mass regime of galaxy-scale strong lensing: Insights into the mass structure of cluster galaxies
• How to Interpret Measurements of Diffuse Light in Stacked Observations of Groups and Clusters of Galaxies
• Why weak lensing cluster shapes are insensitive to self-interacting dark matter
• Strongly lensed SN Refsdal: refining time delays based on the supernova explosion models
• GLACiAR, an open-source python tool for simulations of source recovery and completeness in galaxy surveys
• The MAGPI Survey: Impact of environment on the total internal mass distribution of galaxies in the last 5 Gyr
• Abundant Serendipitous Emission Line Sources with JWST/NIRSpec
• New metrics to probe the dynamical state of galaxy clusters
• Improving parametric mass modelling of lensing clusters through a perturbative approach
• Evolution of the Lyman-α emitting fraction and UV properties of lensed star-forming galaxies between 2.9 < z < 6.7
• Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Lens model comparison and H0 measurement
• 3D-DASH: The Widest Near-Infrared Hubble Space Telescope Survey
• Maximising the power of deep extragalactic imaging surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Hubble Frontier Field Clusters and their Parallel Fields: Photometric and Photometric Redshift Catalogs
• The ALMA Frontier Fields survey V: ALMA Stacking of Lyman-Break Galaxies in Abell 2744, Abell 370, Abell S1063, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• The high-redshift Universe with Spitzer
• Uncovering substructure with wavelets: proof of concept using Abell 2744
• An X-ray Detection of Star Formation In a Highly Magnified Giant Arc
• The WIRCam Ultra Deep Survey (WUDS) I. Survey overview and UV luminosity functions at z~5 and z~6
• The Kormendy relation of early-type galaxies as a function of wavelength in Abell S1063, MACS J0416.1-2403, and MACS J1149.5+2223
• CLEAR: Spatially Resolved Emission Lines and Active Galactic Nuclei at $0.6<z<1.3$
• Towards Studying Hierarchical Assembly in Real Time: A Milky Way Progenitor Galaxy at z = 2.36 under the Microscope
• Prospects for observing strongly lensed supernovae behind Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy clusters with the James Webb Space Telescope
• The first GLIMPSE of the faint galaxy population at Cosmic Dawn with JWST: The evolution of the ultraviolet luminosity function across z~9-15
• A Pristine Star-Forming Complex at z=4.19
• Detailed Study of Stars and Gas in a z = 8.3 Massive Merger with Extreme Dust Conditions
• Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data
• Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VIII. automated multi-band feature detection to constrain local lens properties
• MIFAL: fully automated Multiple-Image Finder ALgorithm for strong-lens modelling -- proof of concept
• A Submillimeter Survey of Faint Galaxies Behind Ten Strong Lensing Clusters
• Lessons from the first multiply imaged supernova II: A parametric strong-lensing model for the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223
• Line-of-sight Elongation and Hydrostatic Mass Bias of the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster Abell 370
• Efficient Mass Estimate at the Core of Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using the Einstein Radius
• AStroLens: Automatic Strong-Lens Modeling of X-ray Selected Galaxy Clusters
• The BoRG-$JWST$ Survey: Abundance and Mass-to-light Ratio of Luminous $z=7-9$ Galaxies from Independent Sight Lines with NIRSpec
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: A spectral stacking analysis of [CII] in lensed $z\sim 6$ galaxies
• UV-Bright Star-Forming Clumps and Their Host Galaxies in UVCANDELS at 0.5 $\le$ z $\le$ 1
• Emission Line Galaxies in the SHARDS Frontier Fields I: Candidate Selection and the Discovery of Bursty Hα Emitters
• Searches for Population III Pair-Instability Supernovae: Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification
• An accurate strong lensing model of the Abell 2163 core
• A search for transients in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS): Three new supernovae
• Joint Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the Massive Cluster Field J0850+3604
• The Direct-Method Oxygen Abundance of Typical Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic High-Noon
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). XII. Spatially Resolved Galaxy Star Formation Histories and True Evolutionary Paths at z > 1
• An excursion into the core of the cluster lens Abell 1689
• Joint HST, VLT/MUSE and XMM-Newton observations to constrain the mass distribution of the two strong lensing galaxy clusters: MACS J0242.5-2132 & MACS J0949.8+1708
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). XIII. G800L optical spectra from the parallel fields
• Searching for galaxy-scale strong-lenses in galaxy clusters with deep networks -- I: methodology and network performance
• VST-GAME: Galaxy Assembly as a function of Mass and Environment with VST. Photometric assessment and density field of MACSJ0416
• Dark Twilight Joined with the Light of Dawn to Unveil the Reionization History
• Emergence of Galactic Morphologies at Cosmic Dawn: Input from Numerical Modeling
• Locations and Morphologies of Jellyfish Galaxies in A2744 and A370
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. VI. Lensing-corrected 1.1mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370 and Abell S1063
• Unresolved z~8 point sources and their impact on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function
• Identifying reionization-epoch galaxies with extreme levels of Lyman continuum leakage in James Webb Space Telescope surveys
• Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using a Single-Halo Lens Model
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Programme: The NIRISS Spectroscopic Catalogue
• Strongly Lensed Supernovae in Well-Studied Galaxy Clusters with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
• The KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS): Kinematics and clumpiness of low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon
• Lyman alpha Properties of Simulated Galaxies in Overdense Regions: Effects of Galactic Winds at z > 6
• Gas Metallicity of Ram-Pressure Stripped Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift with MUSE Data
• Setting the scene for BUFFALO: A study of the matter distribution in the HFF galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 and its parallel field
• Near-infrared characterization of ultra-diffuse galaxies in Abell 2744 by JWST/NIRISS imaging
• Microlensing at Cosmological Distances: Event Rate Predictions in the Warhol Arc of MACS 0416
• BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
• relensing: Reconstructing the mass profile of galaxy clusters from gravitational lensing
• A GMOS/IFU Study of Jellyfish Galaxies in Massive Clusters
• Observations of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at High Redshift
• Principal Component Analysis of Up-the-ramp Sampled IR Array Data
• The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Are Low-luminosity Submillimeter Galaxies Detected in the Rest-frame UV?
• Does radiative feedback make faint z>6 galaxies look small?
• Cosmic Variance and the Inhomogeneous UV Luminosity Function of Galaxies During Reionization
• Assembling a RELIC at Redshift 1: Spectroscopic Observations of Galaxies in the RELICS Cluster SPT-CLJ0615-5746
• Flashlights: Prospects for constraining the Initial Mass Function around cosmic noon with caustic-crossing events
• Dynamics of the galactic component of Abell S1063 and MACS J1206.2$-$0847
• RELICS: Small Lensed $z\ge 5.5$ Galaxies Selected as Potential Lyman Continuum Leakers
• Evolution of the Ultraviolet Upturn at $0.3<z<1$: exploring helium rich stellar populations
• A Strong-Lensing Model for the WMDF JWST/GTO Very Rich Cluster Abell 1489
• Cluster Strong Lensing with Hierarchical Inference
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies. I: Cross-Section
• Galaxy cluster virial quantities from extrapolating strong lensing mass profiles
• Impact of the turnover in the high-z galaxy luminosity function on the 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization
• Ram pressure stripping in the z~0.5 galaxy cluster MS 0451.6-0305
• The Hubble Legacy Fields (HLF-GOODS-S) v1.5 Data Products: Combining 2442 Orbits of GOODS-S/CDF-S Region ACS and WFC3/IR Images
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Properties of Millimeter Galaxies Hosting X-ray Detected Active Galactic Nuclei
• What Multiple Images Say About the Large-Scale Mass Maps of Galaxy Clusters
• Neutral hydrogen lensing simulations in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Tiny galaxies and dark substructures: exploring the "dark" subhaloes in TNG50
• The Three Hundred: $M_{sub}-V_{circ}$ relation
• Emission Line Galaxies in the SHARDS Hubble Frontier Fields II: Limits on Lyman-Continuum Escape Fractions of Lensed Emission Line Galaxies at Redshifts 2 < z < 3.5
• Performance of Photometric Template Fitting for Ultra-High Redshift Galaxies
• SLICE: SPT-CL J0546-5345 -- A prominent strong-lensing cluster at $z=1.07$
• New Cold Dark Matter Crisis Revealed by Multiscale Cluster Lensing
• A full reconstruction of two galaxy clusters intra-cluster medium with strong gravitational lensing
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- II: Uncertainties
• COOL-LAMPS IV: A Sample of Bright Strongly-Lensed Galaxies at $3<z<4$
• HI in and behind the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters: A Deep MeerKAT Pilot Search out to $z\sim 0.5$
• Time to Sparkler. Accurate ages of lensed globular clusters at $z=1.4$ with JWST photometry
• A New Approach to Free-Form Cluster Lens Modeling Inspired by the JPEG Image Compression Method
• Decadal Variability Survey in MACSJ1149
• Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields
• A compact group lens modeled with GIGA-Lens: Enhanced inference for complex systems
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Dust mass measurements as a function of redshift, stellar-mass and star formation rate, from z=1 to z=5
• Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370. A New Framework for Understanding Systematic Errors in Cluster Lens Modeling. IV. Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370
• A tight relation between the distribution of globular clusters and dark matter in AS1063
• Source REconstruction of Arcs behind Cluster Halos (SourceREACH): A New Source Reconstruction Algorithm Optimized for Giant Arcs and Galaxy Cluster Lenses
• What can we learn about Reionization astrophysical parameters using Gaussian Process Regression?
• High Performance Computing for gravitational lens modeling: single vs double precision on GPUs and CPUs
• Globular cluster population of the HST frontier fields galaxy J07173724+3744224
• JWST Discovery of Strong Lensing from a Galaxy Cluster at Cosmic Noon: Giant Arcs and a Highly Concentrated Core of XLSSC 122
• Not just PAH${}_{3.3}$: why galaxies turn red in the Near-Infrared
• A novel analysis of contamination in Lyman-break galaxy samples at $\mathbf{z}\sim 6-8$: spatial correlation with intermediate-redshift galaxies at $\mathbf{z}\sim 1.3-2$
• The catalogue of virtual early-type galaxies from IllustrisTNG: validation and real observation consistency
• Parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 from Euclid and MUSE observations
• Datasets for Benchmarking Floating-Point Compressors
• Two Peculiar Fast Transients in a Strongly Lensed Host Galaxy
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: average dust, gas, and star formation properties of cluster and field galaxies from stacking analysis
• Constraining the Nature of Dark Matter from Tidal Radii of Cluster Galaxy Subhalos
• Hamilton's Object Revisited: A challenging source redshift of a strong lensing configuration
• The intragroup light in KiDS+GAMA groups: A stacking analysis
• MUSE-DARK-II: 3D morpho-kinematic modelling of lensed galaxies. Tully-Fisher relation of $z\sim 1$ star-forming galaxies
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• The velocity dispersion function of red galaxies in four Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy clusters
• MrMARTIAN: A Multi-resolution Mass Reconstruction Algorithm Combining Free-form and Analytic Components
• Unraveling the Lyman Continuum Emission of Ion3: Insights from HST multi-band imaging and X-Shooter spectroscopy
• The intracluster light as an estimator of the cluster mass profile
• A New Estimate of Galaxy Mass-to-Light Ratios from Flexion Lensing Statistics
• Merger of massive galaxy cluster CL0238.3+2005 at z~0.4: just after pericenter passage?
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- III: Statistics with HUDF
• Galaxies at the edges: a complete census of MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster
• Low-luminosity galaxies in the early universe have observed sizes similar to star cluster complexes
• Everything Every Band All at Once I: A Global Morphology Catalog in Abell 2744 based on UNCOVER/MegaScience
• Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
• Cosmic chronometers with galaxy clusters: a new avenue for multi-probe cosmology
• Morpho-kinematics of MACS J0416.1-2403 low mass galaxies
• Finding High-Redshift Galaxies with JWST
• The BUFFALO HST Survey
• The galaxy starburst/main-sequence bimodality over five decades in stellar mass at z ~ 3-6.5
• Extensive Lensing Survey of Optical and Near-Infrared Dark Objects (El Sonido): HST H-Faint Galaxies behind 101 Lensing Clusters
• Magnification bias reveals severe contamination in Hubble Frontier Field photo-z catalogs
• Post-starburst galaxies in the centers of intermediate redshift clusters
• Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters: a Comparison Between Masses Obtained from Detailed Lens Models, Single-Halo Lens Models, and Einstein Radii
• Signatures and bias assessment of rotation in galaxy cluster members
• Galaxies in the central regions of simulated galaxy clusters