MARS: A New Maximum Entropy-Regularized Strong Lensing Mass Reconstruction Method

Abstract

Free-form strong-lensing (SL) mass reconstructions typically suffer from overfitting, which manifest itself as false-positive small-scale fluctuations. We present a new free-form MAximum-entropy ReconStruction ($\mathtt{MARS}$) method without the assumption that light traces mass (LTM). The $\mathtt{MARS}$ algorithm enables us to achieve excellent convergence in source positions ~0.001$"$, minimize spurious small-scale fluctuations, and provide a quasi-unique solution independently of initial conditions. Our method is tested with the publicly available synthetic SL data $\mathtt{FF}-\mathtt{SIMS}$ and the comparison with the truth shows that the reconstruction quality is on a par with those of the best-performing LTM methods published in the literature, which have been demonstrated to outperform the existing free-form methods. In terms of the radial mass profile reconstruction, we achieve $<1$% agreements with the truth for the regions constrained by the multiple images. Finally, we apply $\mathtt{MARS}$ to A1689 and find that the cluster mass in the SL regime is dominated by the primary halo centered on the brightest cluster galaxy and the weaker secondary halo also coincident with the bright cluster member ~160 kpc northeast. Within the SL field, the A1689 radial profile is well-described by a Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile with $c_{200}=5.53\pm 0.77$ and $r_s=538_{-100}^{+90}$ kpc and we find no evidence that A1689 is over-concentrated.

arXiv commentaccepted to ApJ

References in corpus (31)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Weak Gravitational Lensing
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• The Frontier Fields: Survey Design
• Strong Lensing Analysis of A1689 from Deep Advanced Camera Images
• Combining Strong and Weak Gravitational Lensing in Abell 1689
• Cluster Lenses
• The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
• Hubble Space Telescope weak lensing study of the z=0.83 cluster MS 1054-03
• New Multiply-Lensed Galaxies Identified in ACS/NIC3 Observations of Cl0024+1654 Using an Improved Mass Model
• Discovery of a Ringlike Dark Matter Structure in the Core of the Galaxy Cluster Cl 0024+17
• On the role of AGN feedback on the thermal and chemodynamical properties of the hot intra-cluster medium
• Cluster Mass Profiles from a Bayesian Analysis of Weak Lensing Distortion and Magnification Measurements: Applications to Subaru Data
• Parametric Strong Gravitational Lensing Analysis of Abell 1689
• The Highest Resolution Mass Map of Galaxy Cluster Substructure To Date Without Assuming Light Traces Mass: LensPerfect Analysis of Abell 1689
• A maximum-entropy method for reconstructing the projected mass distribution of gravitational lenses
• Non-parametric mass reconstruction of A1689 from strong lensing data with SLAP
• Using Weak Lensing Dilution to Improve Measurements of the Luminous and Dark Matter in A1689
• MOKA: a new tool for Strong Lensing Studies
• A Free-Form Lensing Grid Solution for A1689 with New Mutiple Images
• Mass-Galaxy offsets in Abell 3827, 2218 and 1689: intrinsic properties or line-of-sight substructures?
• Mass calibration of distant SPT galaxy clusters through expanded weak lensing follow-up observations with HST, VLT & Gemini-South
• MC${}^2$: Subaru and Hubble Space Telescope Weak-Lensing Analysis of the Double Radio Relic Galaxy Cluster PLCK G287.0+32.9
• Head-to-Toe Measurement of El Gordo: Improved Analysis of the Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 with New Wide-field Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Data
• Weak-Lensing Detection at z~1.3: Measurement of the Two Lynx Clusters with Advanced Camera for Surveys
• MUSE observations of the lensing cluster Abell 1689
• The Saas Fee Lectures on Strong Gravitational Lensing

Cited by in corpus (10)

• On the correlation between dark matter, intracluster light and globular cluster distribution in SMACS0723
• A High-Caliber View of the Bullet Cluster Through JWST Strong and Weak Lensing Analyses
• Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Lens model comparison and H0 measurement
• Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data
• Weak-Lensing Analysis of the Complex Cluster Merger Abell 746 with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy
• Weak-lensing Mass Reconstruction of Galaxy Clusters with a Convolutional Neural Network -- II: Application to Next-Generation Wide-Field Surveys
• What Multiple Images Say About the Large-Scale Mass Maps of Galaxy Clusters
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe
• MrMARTIAN: A Multi-resolution Mass Reconstruction Algorithm Combining Free-form and Analytic Components