An Atlas of MUSE Observations towards Twelve Massive Lensing Clusters

Abstract

Spectroscopic surveys of massive galaxy clusters reveal the properties of faint background galaxies, thanks to the magnification provided by strong gravitational lensing. We present a systematic analysis of integral-field-spectroscopy observations of 12 massive clusters, conducted with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). All data were taken under very good seeing conditions (0.6") in effective exposure times between two and 15 hrs per pointing, for a total of 125 hrs. Our observations cover a total solid angle of ~23 arcmin${}^2$ in the direction of clusters, many of which were previously studied by the MACS, Frontier Fields, GLASS and CLASH programs. The achieved emission line detection limit at 5$\sigma$ for a point source varies between (0.77--1.5)$\times$10${}^{-18}$ erg\,s${}^{-1}$\,cm${}^{-2}$ at 7000Å. We present our developed strategy to reduce these observational data, detect sources and determine their redshifts. We construct robust mass models for each cluster to further confirm our redshift measurements using strong-lensing constraints, and identify a total of 312 strongly lensed sources producing 939 multiple images. The final redshift catalogs contain more than 3300 robust redshifts, of which 40\% are for cluster members and $\sim$30\% for lensed Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters. 14\% of all sources are line emitters not seen in the available HST images, even at the depth of the FFs ($\sim 29$ AB). We find that the magnification distribution of the lensed sources in the high-magnification regime ($\mu =$ 2--25) follows the theoretical expectation of $N(z)\propto {\mu }^{-2}$. The quality of this dataset, number of lensed sources, and number of strong-lensing constraints enables detailed studies of the physical properties of both the lensing cluster and the background galaxies. The full data products from this work are made available to the community. [abridged]

47 pages, 13 figures, 18 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A. Data Release products available on CDS and at https://cral-perso.univ-lyon1.fr/labo/perso/johan.richard/MUSE_data_release

References in corpus (34)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• The Data Processing Pipeline for the MUSE Instrument
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: I. Survey description, data reduction and source detection
• Combining Strong and Weak Gravitational Lensing in Abell 1689
• A complete sample of twelve very X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z>0.5
• Cluster Lenses
• Mass and magnification maps for the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields clusters: implications for high redshift studies
• The MUSE 3D view of the Hubble Deep Field South
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• Cosmological Constraints from Strong Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Clusters
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: II. Spectroscopic redshifts and comparisons to color selections of high-redshift galaxies
• An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters
• New Constraints on the Faint-end of the UV Luminosity Function at z~7-8 using the Gravitational Lensing of the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster A2744
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): autoz spectral redshift measurements, confidence and errors
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High Precision Strong Lensing Analysis of Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using ~200 Multiple Images
• The Low Mass End of the Fundamental Relation for Gravitationally Lensed Star Forming Galaxies at 1<z<6
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey VI: The Faint-End of the Lya Luminosity Function at 2.91 < z < 6.64 and Implications for Reionisation
• MUSE integral-field spectroscopy towards the Frontier Fields Cluster Abell S1063: I. Data products and redshift identifications
• Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of 26 Strong Lensing Selected Galaxy Cluster Cores
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey X. Ly$\alpha$ Equivalent Widths at $2.9<z<6.6$
• Mass distribution in the core of MACS J1206: robust modeling from an exceptionally large sample of central multiple images
• The MUSE Deep Lensed Field on the Hubble Frontier Field MACS~J0416
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey VIII : Extended Lyman-alpha haloes around high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• The mass distribution of RX J1347-1145 from strong lensing
• Probing 3D Structure with a Large MUSE Mosaic: Extending the Mass Model of Frontier Field Abell 370
• A spectacular giant arc in the massive cluster lens MACSJ1206.2-0847
• Keck spectroscopic survey of strongly lensed galaxies in Abell 1703: further evidence for a relaxed, unimodal cluster
• Illuminating gas in-/outflows in the MUSE deepest fields: discovery of Ly-alpha nebulae around forming galaxies at z~3.3
• MUSE observations of the lensing cluster SMACSJ2031.8-4036: new constraints on the mass distribution in the cluster core
• A gravitationally-boosted MUSE survey for emission-line galaxies at z>~5 behind the massive cluster RCS 0224
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - II. Multiwavelength Photometric analysis of 1.1mm continuum sources in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• The KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS): Kinematics and clumpiness of low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon
• IFS-RedEx, a redshift extraction software for integral-field spectrographs: Application to MUSE data

Cited by in corpus (87)

• The GLASS James Webb Space Telescope Early Release Science Program. I. Survey Design and Release Plans
• Most of the photons that reionized the Universe came from dwarf galaxies
• UNCOVERing the extended strong lensing structures of Abell 2744 with the deepest JWST imaging
• Closing in on the sources of cosmic reionization: first results from the GLASS-JWST program
• The MUSE Deep Lensed Field on the Hubble Frontier Field MACS~J0416
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: the Cosmic Web in Emission at High Redshift
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong lensing model of Abell 2744 and its infalling regions
• Inferring More from Less: Prospector as a Photometric Redshift Engine in the Era of JWST
• New high-precision strong lensing modeling of Abell 2744. Preparing for JWST observations
• Exploring the physical properties of lensed star-forming clumps at $2\lesssim z\lesssim 6$
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: $HST$ and $Spitzer$ Photometry of 33 Lensed Fields Built with CHArGE
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. VII: evidence for lensed, gravitationally bound proto-globular clusters at z=4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744
• Strong Lyman continuum emitting galaxies show intense CIV 1550 emission
• The UNCOVER Survey: A First-look HST+JWST Catalog of Galaxy Redshifts and Stellar Population Properties Spanning $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim 15$
• The production of ionizing photons in UV-faint z~3-7 galaxies
• A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z=2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models
• Equivalent widths of Lyman $\alpha$ emitters in MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep
• The probability of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing events in hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters
• ASTRODEEP-JWST: NIRCam-HST multiband photometry and redshifts for half a million sources in six extragalactic deep fields
• Galaxy cluster strong lensing cosmography: cosmological constraints from a sample of regular galaxy clusters
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: ALMA-Herschel Joint Study of Lensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies across $z\simeq 0.5-6$
• A state-of-the-art strong lensing model of MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of spectroscopic multiple images
• The Lensed Lyman-Alpha MUSE Arcs Sample (LLAMAS) : I. Characterisation of extended Lyman-alpha haloes and spatial offsets
• Observing ram pressure at work in intermediate redshift clusters with MUSE: the case of Abell 2744and Abell 370
• SBI++: Flexible, Ultra-fast Likelihood-free Inference Customized for Astronomical Applications
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. VI: Extreme rest-optical equivalent widths detected in NIRISS Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXII: Rest frame UV-optical spectral properties of Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at 3 $<$ z $<$ 6
• Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: a Parametric Strong Lensing Approach
• Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at $1.5<z<6.4$
• Pilot-WINGS: An extended MUSE view of the structure of Abell 370
• Beyond the Ultra-deep Frontier Fields And Legacy Observations (BUFFALO): a high-resolution strong + weak-lensing view of Abell 370
• JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$
• Metal-Enriched Neutral Gas Reservoir around a Strongly-lensed, Low-mass Galaxy at $z=4$ Identified by JWST/NIRISS and VLT/MUSE
• Constraining the multi-scale dark-matter distribution in CASSOWARY 31 with strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics
• Further support for a trio of mass-to-light deviations in Abell 370: free-form Grale lens inversion using BUFFALO strong lensing data
• A High-Caliber View of the Bullet Cluster Through JWST Strong and Weak Lensing Analyses
• The COSMOS-Web ring: in-depth characterization of an Einstein ring lensing system at z~2
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXIII: The transmission of Lyman-alpha from UV-faint z ~ 3-6 galaxies
• RXJ0437+00: Constraining Dark Matter with Exotic Gravitational Lenses
• Enhanced Star Formation Activity of Extreme Jellyfish Galaxies in Massive Clusters and the Role of Ram Pressure Stripping
• Probing the faint end Luminosity Function of Lyman Alpha Emitters at 3<z<7 behind 17 MUSE lensing clusters
• CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 Strong Lensing Model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec and NIRCam
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. IV. Data release of 263 spectra from 245 unique sources
• Evolution of the Lyman-α emitting fraction and UV properties of lensed star-forming galaxies between 2.9 < z < 6.7
• MAGIC: Muse gAlaxy Groups In Cosmos -- A survey to probe the impact of environment on galaxy evolution over the last 8 Gyr
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XX: Unveiling a population of "red-excess'' galaxies in Abell2744 and in the coeval field
• A Pristine Star-Forming Complex at z=4.19
• The first GLIMPSE of the faint galaxy population at Cosmic Dawn with JWST: The evolution of the ultraviolet luminosity function across z~9-15
• Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data
• JWST spectroscopic confirmation of the Cosmic Gems arc at z=9.625 -- Insights into the small scale structure of a post-burst system
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: A spectral stacking analysis of [CII] in lensed $z\sim 6$ galaxies
• Spatially-resolved Spectroscopic Analysis of Ly$\alpha$ Haloes: Radial Evolution of the Ly$\alpha$ Line Profile out to 60 kpc
• Effects of Galaxy Cluster Structure on Lensed Gravitational Waves
• Resolved galactic superwinds reconstructed around their host galaxies at z>3
• Joint HST, VLT/MUSE and XMM-Newton observations to constrain the mass distribution of the two strong lensing galaxy clusters: MACS J0242.5-2132 & MACS J0949.8+1708
• Gravitational lensing effects of supermassive black holes in cluster environments
• European VLBI Network Observations of the Proposed Dual AGN SDSS J101022.95+141300.9
• The effect of dynamical states on galaxy clusters populations. I. Classification of dynamical states
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. VI. Lensing-corrected 1.1mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370 and Abell S1063
• Gas Metallicity of Ram-Pressure Stripped Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift with MUSE Data
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Programme: The NIRISS Spectroscopic Catalogue
• Locations and Morphologies of Jellyfish Galaxies in A2744 and A370
• BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
• Near-infrared characterization of ultra-diffuse galaxies in Abell 2744 by JWST/NIRISS imaging
• Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy
• Flashlights: Prospects for constraining the Initial Mass Function around cosmic noon with caustic-crossing events
• A weak Ly$\alpha$ halo for an extremely bright Little Red Dot: Indications of enshrouded SMBH growth
• The KALEIDOSCOPE survey : A new strong and weak gravitational lensing view of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J1423.8+2404
• What Multiple Images Say About the Large-Scale Mass Maps of Galaxy Clusters
• Pixel-level modelling of group-scale strong lens CASSOWARY 19
• Tiny galaxies and dark substructures: exploring the "dark" subhaloes in TNG50
• The Intrinsic Distribution of Lyman-$\alpha$ Halos
• COOL-LAMPS IV: A Sample of Bright Strongly-Lensed Galaxies at $3<z<4$
• Star Formation, Nebulae, and Active Galactic Nuclei in CLASH Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I. Dependence on Core Entropy of Intracluster Medium
• The Kaleidoscope Survey: Strong Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Clusters with Radial Arcs
• Not just PAH${}_{3.3}$: why galaxies turn red in the Near-Infrared
• Parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 from Euclid and MUSE observations
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: average dust, gas, and star formation properties of cluster and field galaxies from stacking analysis
• MUSE-DARK-II: 3D morpho-kinematic modelling of lensed galaxies. Tully-Fisher relation of $z\sim 1$ star-forming galaxies
• The velocity dispersion function of red galaxies in four Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy clusters
• MrMARTIAN: A Multi-resolution Mass Reconstruction Algorithm Combining Free-form and Analytic Components
• A Lyman continuum analysis for $\sim 100$ galaxies at $z_{\text{spec}}\sim 3$ in the Abell 2744 Cluster Field
• Post-starburst galaxies in the centers of intermediate redshift clusters
• A Spectroscopic View of the JWST/GTO Strong Lensing Cluster A1489
• Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters: a Comparison Between Masses Obtained from Detailed Lens Models, Single-Halo Lens Models, and Einstein Radii
• The galaxy starburst/main-sequence bimodality over five decades in stellar mass at z ~ 3-6.5