UNCOVERing the extended strong lensing structures of Abell 2744 with the deepest JWST imaging

Abstract

We present a new parametric lens model for the massive galaxy cluster Abell~2744 based on the new ultra-deep JWST imaging taken in the framework of the UNCOVER program. These observations constitute the deepest JWST images of a lensing cluster to date, adding to the existing deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and the recent JWST ERS and DDT data taken for this field. The wide field-of-view of UNCOVER ($\sim 45$ arcmin${}^2$) extends beyond the cluster's well-studied central core and reveals a spectacular wealth of prominent lensed features around two massive cluster sub-structures in the north and north-west, where no multiple images were previously known. The 75 newly uncovered multiple images and candidates of 16 sources allow us, for the first time, to constrain the lensing properties and total mass distribution around these extended cluster structures using strong lensing (SL). Our model yields an effective Einstein radius of ${\theta }_{E,\mathrm{main}}\simeq 23^{\prime \prime }$ for the main cluster core (for $z_{\mathrm{s}}=2$), enclosing a mass of $M(\theta <{\theta }_{E,\mathrm{main}})\simeq 7.7\times 10^{13}$ M${}_{\odot }$, and ${\theta }_{E,\mathrm{NW}}\simeq 13^{\prime \prime }$ for the newly discovered north-western SL structure enclosing $M(\theta <{\theta }_{E,\mathrm{NW}})\simeq 2.2\times 10^{13}$ M${}_{\odot }$. The northern clump is somewhat less massive with ${\theta }_{E,\mathrm{N}}\simeq 7^{\prime \prime }$ enclosing $M(\theta <{\theta }_{E,\mathrm{N}})\simeq 8\times 10^{12}$ M${}_{\odot }$. We find the northern sub-structures of Abell~2744 to broadly agree with the findings from weak lensing (WL) and align with the filamentary structure found by these previous studies. Our model in particular reveals a large area of high magnifications between the various cluster structures, which will be paramount for lensed galaxy studies in the UNCOVER field. The model is made publicly available to accompany the first UNCOVER data release.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in MNRAS. Updated to match the published version

References in corpus (116)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web
• The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope I. Overview of the instrument and its capabilities
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• The Frontier Fields: Survey Design
• Linking halo mass to galaxy luminosity
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Lensing Cluster Abell 2218
• NIRCam Performance on JWST In Flight
• Directly Observing the Galaxies Likely Responsible for Reionization
• Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
• A complete sample of twelve very X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z>0.5
• Full-Data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 6-10$ and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization
• Hubble Space Telescope Combined Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the CLASH Sample: Mass and Magnification Models and Systematic Uncertainties
• Creation of cosmic structure in the complex galaxy cluster merger Abell 2744
• The GLASS James Webb Space Telescope Early Release Science Program. I. Survey Design and Release Plans
• Cluster Lenses
• Resolving the discrepancy between X-ray and gravitational lensing mass measurements for clusters of galaxies
• The z~6 Luminosity Function Fainter than -15 mag from the Hubble Frontier Fields: The Impact of Magnification Uncertainties
• Combined strong and weak lensing analysis of 28 clusters from the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey
• Discovery of an X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4
• Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506
• Mass and magnification maps for the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields clusters: implications for high redshift studies
• The Extreme Faint End of the UV Luminosity Function at $z\sim 6$ Through Gravitational Telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties
• The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). I. Survey overview and first data release
• The X-ray brightest clusters of galaxies from the Massive Cluster Survey
• Multi-scale cluster lens mass mapping I. Strong Lensing modelling
• A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3
• The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope II. Multi-object spectroscopy (MOS)
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• CLASH: The enhanced lensing efficiency of the highly elongated merging cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-Redshift Galaxies
• New Multiply-Lensed Galaxies Identified in ACS/NIC3 Observations of Cl0024+1654 Using an Improved Mass Model
• Characterizing the Cluster Lens Population
• The Dissection of Abell 2744: A Rich Cluster Growing Through Major and Minor Mergers
• CLASH-VLT: Insights on the mass substructures in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 through accurate strong lens modeling
• In-orbit Performance of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope
• Strong lensing analysis of Abell 2744 with MUSE and Hubble Frontier Fields images
• Hubble Frontier Fields First Complete Cluster Data: Faint Galaxies at $z\sim 5-10$ for UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Reionization
• Size--luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data
• New Constraints on the Faint-end of the UV Luminosity Function at z~7-8 using the Gravitational Lensing of the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster A2744
• IDCS J1426+3508: Discovery of a Massive, IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.75
• Evolution of the galaxy stellar mass functions and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Direct measurement of dark matter halo ellipticity from two-dimensional lensing shear maps of 25 massive clusters
• Comparison of Cluster Lensing Profiles with Lambda CDM Predictions
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High-Precision Strong-Lensing Mass Model of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744 using 180 Multiple Images
• An Atlas of MUSE Observations towards Twelve Massive Lensing Clusters
• A Geometrically Supported $z\sim 10$ Candidate Multiply-Imaged by the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744
• Parametric Strong Gravitational Lensing Analysis of Abell 1689
• The Extraordinary Amount of Substructure in the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744
• Dusty Starbursts Masquerading as Ultra-high Redshift Galaxies in JWST CEERS Observations
• A Highly Magnified Star at Redshift 6.2
• A Weak-Lensing Mass Reconstruction of the Large-Scale Filament Feeding the Massive Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745
• Discovery and Cosmological Implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Known Cluster at z > 1
• Frontier Fields: High-Redshift Predictions and Early Results
• Cluster cross sections for strong lensing: analytic and numerical lens models
• Deja Vu All Over Again: The Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal
• The impact of cluster mergers on arc statistics
• Unveiling the Nature of Infrared Bright, Optically Dark Galaxies with Early JWST Data
• A Magnified Compact Galaxy at Redshift 9.51 with Strong Nebular Emission Lines
• Discovery of a large-scale filament connected to the massive galaxy cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745 at z=0.55
• Enhanced cluster lensing models with measured galaxy kinematics
• Illuminating a Dark Lens : A Type Ia Supernova Magnified by the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744
• JWST reveals a population of ultra-red, flattened disk galaxies at 2<z<6 previously missed by HST
• The systematics of strong lens modeling quantified: the effects of constraint selection and redshift information on magnification, mass, and multiple image predictability
• A massive blow for $\Lambda$CDM $-$ the high redshift, mass, and collision velocity of the interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo contradicts concordance cosmology
• Frontier Fields: Subaru Weak-Lensing Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster A2744
• Arc sensitivity to cluster ellipticity, asymmetries and substructures
• The ALMA Frontier Fields survey I: 1.1 mm continuum detections in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Lens Models Under the Microscope: Comparison of Hubble Frontier Field Cluster Magnification Maps
• Young Galaxy Candidates in the Hubble Frontier Fields. I. Abell 2744
• Probing the z>6 Universe with the first Hubble Frontier Fields cluster Abell 2744
• Early Low-Mass Galaxies and Star-Cluster Candidates at z~6-9 Identified by the Gravitational Lensing Technique and Deep Optical/Near-Infrared Imaging
• Large Einstein Radii: A Problem for LambdaCDM
• Hubble Frontier Fields: systematic errors in strong lensing models of galaxy clusters - Implications for cosmography
• New high-precision strong lensing modeling of Abell 2744. Preparing for JWST observations
• Source Plane Reconstruction of The Bright Lensed Galaxy RCSGA 032727-132609
• Unscrambling the lensed galaxies in JWST images behind SMACS0723
• CLASH: z ~ 6 young galaxy candidate quintuply lensed by the frontier field cluster RXC J2248.7-4431
• Two lensed star candidates at $z\simeq 4.8$ behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015
• A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• JWST's PEARLS: a new lens model for ACT-CL J0102$-$4915, "EL Gordo'', and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). IV. Mass reconstruction of the lensing cluster Abell 2744 from frontier field imaging and GLASS spectroscopy
• A highly elongated prominent lens at z=0.87: first strong lensing analysis of El Gordo
• Multi-wavelength study of X-ray luminous clusters at z ~ 0.3 I. Star formation activity of cluster galaxies
• SN Refsdal: Classification as a Luminous and Blue SN 1987A-like Type II Supernova
• Weak Lensing Mass Measurements of Substructures in COMA Cluster with Subaru/Suprime-Cam
• Growing a `Cosmic Beast': Observations and Simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745
• The sizes of galaxy halos in galaxy cluster Abell 1689
• The effects of ellipticity and substructure on estimates of cluster density profiles based on lensing and kinematics
• The strongest gravitational lenses: I. The statistical impact of cluster mergers
• How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim 6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Stellar Properties of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• Probing the Large-Scale Structure Around the Most Distant Galaxy Clusters from the Massive Cluster Survey
• First JWST observations of a gravitational lens: Mass model from new multiple images with near-infrared observations of SMACS J0723.3-7327
• On the over-concentration problem of strong lensing clusters
• Looking for the first galaxies: Lensing or blank fields?
• Constraining the galaxy mass content in the core of A383 using velocity dispersion measurements for individual cluster members
• Predicted future fate of COSMOS galaxy protoclusters over 11 Gyr with constrained simulations
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XIII. A faint, distant, and cold brown dwarf
• RELICS: Strong-lensing analysis of the massive clusters MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9-40.7
• RELICS: Properties of z>5.5 Galaxies Inferred from Spitzer and Hubble Imaging Including A Candidate z~6.8 Strong [OIII] Emitter
• Searching for filaments and large-scale structure around DAFT/FADA clusters
• The complex case of MACSJ0717.5+3745 and its extended filament: intra-cluster light, galaxy luminosity function, and galaxy orientations
• Flashlights: An Off-Caustic Lensed Star at Redshift $z$ = 1.26 in Abell 370
• Early results from GLASS-JWST XV: properties of the faintest red sources in the NIRCAM deep fields
• Precise Mass Determination of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Cluster at z>1
• Lessons from the first multiply imaged supernova II: A parametric strong-lensing model for the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223
• Comparing Galaxy Clustering in Horizon-AGN Simulated Lightcone Mocks and VIDEO Observations
• Cluster Assembly Times as a Cosmological Test

Cited by in corpus (45)

• JADES. The diverse population of infant Black Holes at 4<z<11: merging, tiny, poor, but mighty
• Most of the photons that reionized the Universe came from dwarf galaxies
• JWST UNCOVER: Extremely red and compact object at$z_{\mathrm{phot}}\simeq 7.6$ triply imaged by Abell 2744
• A Magnified Compact Galaxy at Redshift 9.51 with Strong Nebular Emission Lines
• UNCOVER: Illuminating the Early Universe -- JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of $z>12$ Galaxies
• JWST UNCOVER: Discovery of $z>9$ Galaxy Candidates Behind the Lensing Cluster Abell 2744
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong lensing model of Abell 2744 and its infalling regions
• Quantifying the Effects of Known Unknowns on Inferred High-redshift Galaxy Properties: Burstiness, the IMF, and Nebular Physics
• The UNCOVER Survey: A First-look HST+JWST Catalog of Galaxy Redshifts and Stellar Population Properties Spanning $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim 15$
• UNCOVER: 404 Error -- Models Not Found for the Triply Imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1
• Little Red Dots or Brown Dwarfs? NIRSpec Discovery of Three Distant Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as NIRCam-Selected Highly-Reddened AGNs
• Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply-imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1
• The Extreme Low-mass End of the Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim 7$
• JWST UNCOVER: The Overabundance of Ultraviolet-luminous Galaxies at $z>9$
• Challenging the AGN scenario for JWST/NIRSpec LRD and non-LRD broad H$\alpha$ emitters in light of non-detection of NIRCam photometric variability and X-ray
• A hide-and-seek game: Looking for Population III stars during the Epoch of Reionization through the HeII$\lambda$1640 line
• Constraints on the $z\sim 6-13$ intergalactic medium from JWST spectroscopy of Lyman-alpha damping wings in galaxies
• CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 Strong Lensing Model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec and NIRCam
• UNCOVERing the High-redshift AGN Population among Extreme UV Line Emitters
• Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Lens model comparison and H0 measurement
• The first GLIMPSE of the faint galaxy population at Cosmic Dawn with JWST: The evolution of the ultraviolet luminosity function across z~9-15
• Exploring Cosmic Dawn with PANORAMIC I: The Bright End of the UVLF at $z\sim 9-17$
• Effects of Galaxy Cluster Structure on Lensed Gravitational Waves
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Programme: The NIRISS Spectroscopic Catalogue
• A systematic search for dormant galaxies at z~5-7 from the JWST NIRSpec archive
• Overmassive black holes in the early Universe can be explained by gas-rich, dark matter-dominated galaxies
• A grand-design spiral galaxy 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang with JWST
• Enhanced strong-lensing model of MACS~J0138.0$-$2155 based on new JWST and VLT/MUSE observations
• Unveiling Multiple Physical Processes on a Cluster Galaxy at z=0.3 Using JWST
• A weak Ly$\alpha$ halo for an extremely bright Little Red Dot: Indications of enshrouded SMBH growth
• Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy
• Taking a Break at Cosmic Noon: Continuum-selected Low-mass Galaxies Require Long Burst Cycles
• Feeding the Dead: Neutral Gas Inflow in a Long-Quenched Ancient Massive Galaxy at $z\sim 2.7$ Observed with JWST/NIRSpec
• Rapid, out of equilibrium metal enrichment indicated by a flat mass-metallicity relation at z~6 from NIRCam grism spectroscopy
• What Multiple Images Say About the Large-Scale Mass Maps of Galaxy Clusters
• Performance of Photometric Template Fitting for Ultra-High Redshift Galaxies
• SLICE: SPT-CL J0546-5345 -- A prominent strong-lensing cluster at $z=1.07$
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe
• The slope and scatter of the star forming main sequence at z~5 : reconciling observations with simulations
• Cosmic quenching and scaling laws for the evolution of supermassive black holes and host galaxies
• GLIMPSE-D: Metallicity Decline in Faint Galaxies: Implications for [O III]+Hb Luminosity Function and Reionisation Budget
• VENUS: Strong-lensing model of MACS J1931.8-2635 -- revealing the farthest multiply imaged supernova
• All the Massive Galaxy Overdensities during Reionization: JWST Rest-Frame Optical Selection Reveals Young, Chemically Evolved Galaxies Embedded in Dense, Neutral Gas at z > 5
• Parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 from Euclid and MUSE observations
• Everything Every Band All at Once I: A Global Morphology Catalog in Abell 2744 based on UNCOVER/MegaScience