Precise Mass Determination of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Cluster at z>1

Abstract

We present a detailed high-resolution weak-lensing (WL) study of SPT-CL J2106-5844 at z=1.132, claimed to be the most massive system discovered at z > 1 in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. Based on the deep imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on-board the Hubble Space Telescope, we find that the cluster mass distribution is asymmetric, composed of a main clump and a subclump ~640 kpc west thereof. The central clump is further resolved into two smaller northwestern and southeastern substructures separated by ~150 kpc. We show that this rather complex mass distribution is more consistent with the cluster galaxy distribution than a unimodal distribution as previously presented. The northwestern substructure coincides with the BCG and X-ray peak while the southeastern one agrees with the location of the number density peak. These morphological features and the comparison with the X-ray emission suggest that the cluster might be a merging system. We estimate the virial mass of the cluster to be $M_{200c}=(10.4_{-3.0}^{+3.3}\pm 1.0)\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$, where the second error bar is the systematic uncertainty. Our result confirms that the cluster SPT-CL J2106-5844 is indeed the most massive cluster at z>1 known to date. We demonstrate the robustness of this mass estimate by performing a number of tests with different assumptions on the centroids, mass-concentration relations, and sample variance.

arXiv comment17 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables; Resubmission to ApJ after first referee revision

References in corpus (51)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Toward a halo mass function for precision cosmology: the limits of universality
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey: Initial Results From Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging
• Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology
• The Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• A Method for Weak Lensing Observations
• Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• Evidence for the accelerated expansion of the Universe from weak lensing tomography with COSMOS
• A universal model for halo concentrations
• On the Accuracy of Weak Lensing Cluster Mass Reconstructions
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Sunyaev Zel'dovich Selected Galaxy Clusters at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey
• Galaxy clusters discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the first 720 square degrees of the South Pole Telescope survey
• An SZ-selected sample of the most massive galaxy clusters in the 2500-square-degree South Pole Telescope survey
• UVUDF: Ultraviolet Through Near-infrared Catalog and Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• How accurately can we measure weak gravitational shear?
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Optical analysis methodology and the first data release
• GREAT3 results I: systematic errors in shear estimation and the impact of real galaxy morphology
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Massive Red-Sequence-Selected Galaxy Clusters at z ~ 1.2 in the SpARCS-North Cluster Survey
• Noise bias in weak lensing shape measurements
• Cosmic shear results from the deep lens survey - I: Joint constraints on omega_m and sigma_8 with a two-dimensional analysis
• Means of confusion: how pixel noise affects shear estimates for weak gravitational lensing
• Optical Spectroscopy and Velocity Dispersions of Galaxy Clusters from the SPT-SZ Survey
• Principal Component Analysis of the Time- and Position-Dependent Point Spread Function of the Advanced Camera for Surveys
• Discovery and Cosmological Implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Known Cluster at z > 1
• Cluster Mass Calibration at High Redshift: HST Weak Lensing Analysis of 13 Distant Galaxy Clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Survey
• Simultaneous Falsification of LCDM and Quintessence with Massive, Distant Clusters
• Scaling Relations and Overabundance of Massive Clusters at z>~1 from Weak-Lensing Studies with HST
• The Mass distribution of the Most Luminous X-ray Cluster RXJ1347.5-1145 from Gravitational Lensing
• Weak Lensing by High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies - I: Cluster Mass Reconstruction
• Redshifts, Sample Purity, and BCG Positions for the Galaxy Cluster Catalog from the first 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey
• Weak Lensing Analysis of the z~0.8 cluster CL 0152-1357 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys
• Weighing "El Gordo" with a Precision Scale: Hubble Space Telescope Weak-lensing Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 at z=0.87
• An improved model of Charge Transfer Inefficiency and correction algorithm for the Hubble Space Telescope
• The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J1007.4+1237 at z=1.56 - The dawn of starburst activity in cluster cores
• Cosmic shear analysis of archival HST/ACS data: I. Comparison of early ACS pure parallel data to the HST/GEMS Survey
• Towards Precision LSST Weak-Lensing Measurement - I: Impacts of Atmospheric Turbulence and Optical Aberration
• Baryon Content of Massive Galaxy Clusters (0.57 < z < 1.33)
• Galaxy cluster searches by photometric redshifts in the CFHTLS
• Resolving galaxy cluster gas properties at z~1 with XMM-Newton and Chandra
• Dark Matter in the Galaxy Cluster CL J1226+3332 at Z=0.89
• The relation between mass and concentration in X-ray galaxy clusters at high redshift
• MC${}^2$: Multi-wavelength and dynamical analysis of the merging galaxy cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215: An older and less massive Bullet Cluster
• The most massive objects in the Universe
• Quantifying the rareness of extreme galaxy clusters
• First Weak-lensing Results from "See Change": Quantifying Dark Matter in the Two Z>1.5 High-redshift Galaxy Clusters SPT-CL J2040-4451 and IDCS J1426+3508
• Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster A115

Cited by in corpus (9)

• UNCOVERing the extended strong lensing structures of Abell 2744 with the deepest JWST imaging
• A massive blow for $\Lambda$CDM $-$ the high redshift, mass, and collision velocity of the interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo contradicts concordance cosmology
• The Young and the Wild: What happens to Protoclusters forming at z = 4?
• Mass calibration of distant SPT galaxy clusters through expanded weak lensing follow-up observations with HST, VLT & Gemini-South
• Head-to-Toe Measurement of El Gordo: Improved Analysis of the Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 with New Wide-field Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Data
• The HST See Change Program: I. Survey Design, Pipeline, and Supernova Discoveries
• Multiwavelength view of SPT-CL J2106-5844. The radio galaxies and the thermal and relativistic plasmas in a massive galaxy cluster merger at z~1.13
• X-ray cluster cosmology
• The MeerKAT Massive Distant Clusters Survey: detection of diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters at $z>1$