CLASH-VLT: Insights on the mass substructures in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 through accurate strong lens modeling

Abstract

We present a detailed mass reconstruction and a novel study on the substructure properties in the core of the CLASH and Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403. We show and employ our extensive spectroscopic data set taken with the VIMOS instrument as part of our CLASH-VLT program, to confirm spectroscopically 10 strong lensing systems and to select a sample of 175 plausible cluster members to a limiting stellar mass of log(M_*/M_Sun) ~ 8.6. We reproduce the measured positions of 30 multiple images with a remarkable median offset of only 0.3" by means of a comprehensive strong lensing model comprised of 2 cluster dark-matter halos, represented by cored elliptical pseudo-isothermal mass distributions, and the cluster member components. The latter have total mass-to-light ratios increasing with the galaxy HST/WFC3 near-IR (F160W) luminosities. The measurement of the total enclosed mass within the Einstein radius is accurate to ~5%, including systematic uncertainties. We emphasize that the use of multiple-image systems with spectroscopic redshifts and knowledge of cluster membership based on extensive spectroscopic information is key to constructing robust high-resolution mass maps. We also produce magnification maps over the central area that is covered with HST observations. We investigate the galaxy contribution, both in terms of total and stellar mass, to the total mass budget of the cluster. When compared with the outcomes of cosmological $N$-body simulations, our results point to a lack of massive subhalos in the inner regions of simulated clusters with total masses similar to that of MACS J0416.1-2403. Our findings of the location and shape of the cluster dark-matter halo density profiles and on the cluster substructures provide intriguing tests of the assumed collisionless, cold nature of dark matter and of the role played by baryons in the process of structure formation.

26 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. A high-resolution version is available at https://sites.google.com/site/vltclashpublic/publications/Grillo_etal_2014.pdf

References in corpus (11)

• CLASH: Weak-Lensing Shear-and-Magnification Analysis of 20 Galaxy Clusters
• Mass and magnification maps for the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields clusters: implications for high redshift studies
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• The MUSIC of CLASH: predictions on the concentration-mass relation
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High Precision Strong Lensing Analysis of Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using ~200 Multiple Images
• CLASH-X: A Comparison of Lensing and X-ray Techniques for Measuring the Mass Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
• The survival of dark matter halos in the cluster Cl0024+16
• Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Substructure in lensing clusters and simulations
• CLASH: Extending galaxy strong lensing to small physical scales with distant sources highly-magnified by galaxy cluster members

Cited by in corpus (29)

• An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters
• Mass distribution in the core of MACS J1206: robust modeling from an exceptionally large sample of central multiple images
• The MUSE Deep Lensed Field on the Hubble Frontier Field MACS~J0416
• A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim 6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• A persistent excess of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing observed in galaxy clusters
• First Results from the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS): Kinematics of Lensed Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• The phase-space structure of tidally stripped halos
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - II. Multiwavelength Photometric analysis of 1.1mm continuum sources in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Young Galaxy Candidates in the Hubble Frontier Fields IV. MACS J1149.5+2223
• Mass profile decomposition of the Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0416-02403. Insights on the Dark-Matter inner profile
• Abell 2744: Too much substructure for Lambda CDM?
• Quantifying the suppression of the (un)-obscured star formation in galaxy cluster cores at 0.2$\lesssim$$z$$\lesssim$0.9
• Total mass density slopes of early-type galaxies using Jeans dynamical modelling at redshifts $0.29<z<0.55$
• The unrelaxed dynamical structure of the galaxy cluster Abell 85
• SuperBoRG: Search for The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies and Quasars in HST Parallel Imaging Data
• Systematic vs. Statistical Uncertainties in Masses and Magnifications of the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Numerical simulations challenged on the prediction of massive subhalo abundance in galaxy clusters: the case of Abell 2142
• Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VI: the origin of the formalism intrinsic degeneracies and their influence on $H_0$
• Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Relative distribution of dark matter and stellar mass in three massive galaxy clusters
• RXJ0437+00: Constraining Dark Matter with Exotic Gravitational Lenses
• Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VIII. automated multi-band feature detection to constrain local lens properties
• AStroLens: Automatic Strong-Lens Modeling of X-ray Selected Galaxy Clusters
• Scatter in the satellite galaxy SHMR: fitting functions, scaling relations & physical processes from the IllustrisTNG simulation
• The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Are Low-luminosity Submillimeter Galaxies Detected in the Rest-frame UV?
• What Multiple Images Say About the Large-Scale Mass Maps of Galaxy Clusters
• Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields
• The galaxy starburst/main-sequence bimodality over five decades in stellar mass at z ~ 3-6.5