VLT/MUSE observations of SDSS J1029+2623: towards a high-precision strong lensing model

Abstract

We present a strong lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster SDSS J1029+2623 at $z=0.588$, one of the few currently known lens clusters with multiple images of a background ($z=2.1992$) quasar with a measured time delay. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope multi-band imaging and new Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer follow-up spectroscopy to build an accurate lens mass model, a crucial step towards future cosmological applications. The spectroscopic data enable the secure identification of 57 cluster members and of two nearby perturbers along the line-of-sight. We estimate the inner kinematics of a sub-set of 20 cluster galaxies to calibrate the scaling relations parametrizing the sub-halo mass component. We also reliably determine the redshift of 4 multiply imaged sources, provide a tentative measurement for one system, and report the discovery of a new four-image system. The final catalog comprises 26 multiple images from 7 background sources, spanning a wide redshift range, from 1.02 to 5.06. We present two parametric lens models, with slightly different cluster mass parametrizations. The observed positions of the multiple images are accurately reproduced within approximately $0^{\prime \prime }.2$, the three image positions of the quasar within only $\sim 0^{\prime \prime }.1$. We estimate a cluster projected total mass of $M(<300\mathrm{kpc})\sim 2.1\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$, with a statistical uncertainty of a few percent. Both models, that include a small galaxy close to one of the quasar images, predict magnitude differences and time delays between the quasar images that are consistent with the observations.

arXiv comment24 pages, 10 figures, 6 Tables. Submitted to ApJ. The full MUSE spectroscopic catalog of SDSS J1029+2623 presented here is made publicly available at https://www.fe.infn.it/astro/lensing

References in corpus (73)

• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions
• Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe
• H0LiCOW XIII. A 2.4% measurement of $H_0$ from lensed quasars: $5.3\sigma$ tension between early and late-Universe probes
• The MUSE second-generation VLT instrument
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Photometric content and validation
• Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with LambdaCDM
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• The Frontier Fields: Survey Design
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Lensing Cluster Abell 2218
• GEMS: Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs
• Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB)
• H0LiCOW - IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant
• The Data Processing Pipeline for the MUSE Instrument
• H0LiCOW I. $H_0$ Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: Program Overview
• ZAP -- Enhanced PCA Sky Subtraction for Integral Field Spectroscopy
• Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
• iPTF16geu: A multiply imaged, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova
• The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
• A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar with Quadruple Images Separated by 14.62 Arcseconds
• Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-Redshift Galaxies
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• CLASH-VLT: Insights on the mass substructures in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 through accurate strong lens modeling
• Strong lensing analysis of Abell 2744 with MUSE and Hubble Frontier Fields images
• Gravitational Lens Time Delays: A Statistical Assessment of Lens Model Dependences and Implications for the Global Hubble Constant
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. I. Candidate Selection Algorithm
• Constraining the mass distribution of galaxies using galaxy-galaxy lensing in clusters and in the field
• Disentangling Baryons and Dark Matter in the Spiral Gravitational Lens B1933+503
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. V. Final Catalog from the Seventh Data Release
• CLASH-VLT: A Highly Precise Strong Lensing Model of the Galaxy Cluster RXC J2248.7-4431 (Abell S1063) and Prospects for Cosmography
• A New Channel for Detecting Dark Matter Substructure in Galaxies: Gravitational Lens Time Delays
• The Extraordinary Amount of Substructure in the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744
• COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses XI. Techniques for time delay measurement in presence of microlensing
• CLASH-VLT: Dissecting the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 with $\sim 800$ Spectra of Member Galaxies
• The story of supernova 'Refsdal' told by MUSE
• "Refsdal" meets Popper: comparing predictions of the re-appearance of the multiply imaged supernova behind MACSJ1149.5+2223
• COSMOGRAIL XVI: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring
• Deja Vu All Over Again: The Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal
• Measuring the value of the Hubble constant "à la Refsdal"
• Strong-Lensing Analysis of MACS,J0717.5+3745 from Hubble Frontier Fields observations: How well can the mass distribution be constrained?
• Strong lensing models of eight CLASH clusters from extensive spectroscopy: accurate total mass reconstructions in the cores
• Quantifying Environmental and Line-of-Sight Effects in Models of Strong Gravitational Lens Systems
• Enhanced cluster lensing models with measured galaxy kinematics
• The systematics of strong lens modeling quantified: the effects of constraint selection and redshift information on magnification, mass, and multiple image predictability
• SDSS J1029+2623: A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar with an Image Separation of 22.5 Arcseconds
• SN Refsdal : Photometry and Time Delay Measurements of the First Einstein Cross Supernova
• Mass distribution in the core of MACS J1206: robust modeling from an exceptionally large sample of central multiple images
• RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters From the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• Hubble Frontier Fields: systematic errors in strong lensing models of galaxy clusters - Implications for cosmography
• On the accuracy of time-delay cosmography in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 with supernova Refsdal
• COSMOGRAIL XVII: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080
• GEMS Survey Data and Catalog
• Probing 3D Structure with a Large MUSE Mosaic: Extending the Mass Model of Frontier Field Abell 370
• A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• The Hidden Fortress: Structure and substructure of the complex strong lensing cluster SDSS J1029+2623
• MACS J0416.1-2403: Impact of line-of-sight structures on strong gravitational lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• A Two-Year Time Delay for the Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623
• MUSE observations of the lensing cluster SMACSJ2031.8-4036: new constraints on the mass distribution in the cluster core
• The Third Image of the Large-Separation Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623
• H0LiCOW X: Spectroscopic/imaging survey and galaxy-group identification around the strong gravitational lens system WFI2033-4723
• Lens Model and Time Delay Predictions for the Sextuply Lensed Quasar SDSS J2222+2745
• Constraining the galaxy mass content in the core of A383 using velocity dispersion measurements for individual cluster members
• The core of the massive cluster merger MACS J0417.5-1154 as seen by VLT/MUSE
• An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Galaxy cluster cores as seen with VLT/MUSE: new strong-lensing analyses of RX J2129.4+0009, MS 0451.6-0305 & MACSJ2129.4-0741
• Separating Galaxies from the Cluster Dark Matter Halo in Abell 611
• Further support for a trio of mass-to-light deviations in Abell 370: free-form Grale lens inversion using BUFFALO strong lensing data
• Microlensing Analysis for the gravitational lens systems SDSS0924+0219, Q1355-2257, and SDSS1029+2623
• The Chandra view of the Largest Quasar Lens SDSS J1029+2623

Cited by in corpus (17)

• JWST UNCOVER: Extremely red and compact object at$z_{\mathrm{phot}}\simeq 7.6$ triply imaged by Abell 2744
• New high-precision strong lensing modeling of Abell 2744. Preparing for JWST observations
• Cosmography with Supernova Refsdal through time-delay cluster lensing: independent measurements of the Hubble constant and geometry of the Universe
• Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: a Parametric Strong Lensing Approach
• A MUSE view of the massive merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 (El Gordo) at z = 0.87: robust strong lensing model and data release
• New strong lensing modelling of SDSS J2222+2745 enhanced with VLT/MUSE spectroscopy
• RXJ0437+00: Constraining Dark Matter with Exotic Gravitational Lenses
• Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Lens model comparison and H0 measurement
• Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data
• HOLISMOKES XIII: Strong-lens candidates at all mass scales and their environments from the Hyper-Suprime Cam and deep learning
• A variable active galactic nucleus at $z=2.06$ triply-imaged by the galaxy cluster MACS J0035.4-2015
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Enhanced strong-lensing model of MACS~J0138.0$-$2155 based on new JWST and VLT/MUSE observations
• The powerful lens galaxy cluster PLCK G287.0+32.9 (${\theta }_E\sim 43^{\prime \prime }$)
• MeerKAT discovery of 164 compact radio rings toward the Galactic Plane
• Cosmic chronometers with galaxy clusters: a new avenue for multi-probe cosmology
• A Spectroscopic View of the JWST/GTO Strong Lensing Cluster A1489