Hubble Frontier Fields : A High Precision Strong Lensing Analysis of Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using ~200 Multiple Images

Abstract

We present a high-precision mass model of the galaxy cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, based on a strong-gravitational-lensing analysis of the recently acquired Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields (HFF) imaging data. Taking advantage of the unprecedented depth provided by HST/ACS observations in three passbands, we identify 51 new multiply imaged galaxies, quadrupling the previous census and bringing the grand total to 68, comprising 194 individual lensed images. Having selected a subset of the 57 most securely identified multiply imaged galaxies, we use the Lenstool software package to constrain a lens model comprised of two cluster-scale dark-matter halos and 98 galaxy-scale halos. Our best-fit model predicts image positions with an $RMS$ error of 0.68'', which constitutes an improvement of almost a factor of two over previous, pre-HFF models of this cluster. We find the total projected mass inside a 200~kpc aperture to be $(1.60\pm 0.01)\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$, a measurement that offers a three-fold improvement in precision, reaching the percent level for the first time in any cluster. Finally, we quantify the increase in precision of the derived gravitational magnification of high-redshift galaxies and find an improvement by a factor of $\sim$2.5 in the statistical uncertainty. Our findings impressively confirm that HFF imaging has indeed opened the domain of high-precision mass measurements for massive clusters of galaxies.

arXiv commentin press - MNRAS, 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (25)

• Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH): An Overview
• A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Lensing Cluster Abell 2218
• Strong Lensing Analysis of A1689 from Deep Advanced Camera Images
• The dark matter of gravitational lensing
• Strong and weak lensing united III: Measuring the mass distribution of the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56
• Combining Strong and Weak Gravitational Lensing in Abell 1689
• Cluster Lenses
• The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of Abell 1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images
• X-ray/optical classification of cluster mergers and the evolution of the cluster merger fraction
• The X-ray brightest clusters of galaxies from the Massive Cluster Survey
• Multi-scale cluster lens mass mapping I. Strong Lensing modelling
• CLASH: The enhanced lensing efficiency of the highly elongated merging cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• Constraining the mass distribution of galaxies using galaxy-galaxy lensing in clusters and in the field
• What determines satellite galaxy disruption?
• Parametric Strong Gravitational Lensing Analysis of Abell 1689
• Truncation of galaxy dark matter halos in high density environments
• The survival of dark matter halos in the cluster Cl0024+16
• Abell 370 revisited: refurbished Hubble imaging of the first strong lensing cluster
• Dark Matter and Baryons in the Most X-ray Luminous and Merging Galaxy Cluster RX J1347.5-1145
• The Highest Resolution Mass Map of Galaxy Cluster Substructure To Date Without Assuming Light Traces Mass: LensPerfect Analysis of Abell 1689
• Discovery of a possibly old galaxy at $z=6.027$, multiply imaged by the massive cluster Abell 383
• Probing the truncation of galaxy dark matter halos in high density environments from hydrodynamical N-body simulations
• Optimal Mass Configurations for Lensing High-Redshift Galaxies
• Gravitational lensing and dynamics in SL2S\,J02140-0535: Probing the mass out to large radius

Cited by in corpus (107)

• The Frontier Fields: Survey Design
• Directly Observing the Galaxies Likely Responsible for Reionization
• Hubble Space Telescope Combined Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the CLASH Sample: Mass and Magnification Models and Systematic Uncertainties
• The Extreme Faint End of the UV Luminosity Function at $z\sim 6$ Through Gravitational Telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties
• The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
• CLASH: Joint Analysis of Strong-Lensing, Weak-Lensing Shear and Magnification Data for 20 Galaxy Clusters
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• The behaviour of dark matter associated with 4 bright cluster galaxies in the 10kpc core of Abell 3827
• Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-Redshift Galaxies
• CLASH-VLT: Insights on the mass substructures in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 through accurate strong lens modeling
• An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters
• Strong lensing analysis of Abell 2744 with MUSE and Hubble Frontier Fields images
• Size--luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data
• New Constraints on the Faint-end of the UV Luminosity Function at z~7-8 using the Gravitational Lensing of the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster A2744
• Evolution of the galaxy stellar mass functions and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High-Precision Strong-Lensing Mass Model of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744 using 180 Multiple Images
• An Atlas of MUSE Observations towards Twelve Massive Lensing Clusters
• Intracluster light: a luminous tracer for dark matter in clusters of galaxies
• A refined mass distribution of the cluster MACS J0416.1$-$2403 from a new large set of spectroscopic multiply lensed sources
• Lens Modeling Abell 370: Crowning the Final Frontier Field with MUSE
• The ASTRODEEP Frontier Fields Catalogues: II - Photometric redshifts and rest-frame properties in Abell-2744 and MACS-J0416
• Mapping substructure in the HST Frontier Fields cluster lenses and in cosmological simulations
• Strong-Lensing Analysis of MACS,J0717.5+3745 from Hubble Frontier Fields observations: How well can the mass distribution be constrained?
• On the observability of individual Population III stars and their stellar-mass black hole accretion disks through cluster caustic transits
• HFF-DeepSpace Photometric Catalogs of the Twelve Hubble Frontier Fields, Clusters and Parallels: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Stellar Masses
• Lensing Constraints on the Mass Profile Shape and the Splashback Radius of Galaxy Clusters
• Hubble Frontier Fields: Predictions for the Return of SN Refsdal with the MUSE and GMOS Spectrographs
• The systematics of strong lens modeling quantified: the effects of constraint selection and redshift information on magnification, mass, and multiple image predictability
• Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Probing Cosmic Dawn : Ages and Star Formation Histories of Candidate $z\ge$9 Galaxies
• Lens Models Under the Microscope: Comparison of Hubble Frontier Field Cluster Magnification Maps
• Hubble Frontier Fields: systematic errors in strong lensing models of galaxy clusters - Implications for cosmography
• Three-dimensional Multi-probe Analysis of the Galaxy Cluster A1689
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: $HST$ and $Spitzer$ Photometry of 33 Lensed Fields Built with CHArGE
• Revised Lens Model for the Multiply-Imaged Lensed Supernova, "SN Refsdal", in MACS J1149+2223
• Searching for Highly Magnified Stars at Cosmological Distances: Discovery of a Redshift 0.94 Blue Supergiant in Archival Images of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• UV Spectral-Slopes at $z=6-9$ in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Lack of Evidence for Unusual or Pop III Stellar Populations
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). VI. Comparing the Mass and Light in MACSJ0416.1-2403 using Frontier Field imaging and GLASS spectroscopy
• Frontier Fields Clusters: Chandra and JVLA View of the Pre-Merging Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• MACS J0416.1-2403: Impact of line-of-sight structures on strong gravitational lensing modelling of galaxy clusters
• Frontier Fields : Combining HST, VLT and Spitzer data to explore the $z$$\sim$8 Universe behind the lensing cluster MACS0416$-$2403
• Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACS-J0416.1-2403
• How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim 6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Predicted properties of multiple images of the strongly lensed supernova SN Refsdal
• MUSE observations of the lensing cluster SMACSJ2031.8-4036: new constraints on the mass distribution in the cluster core
• Galaxy cluster lensing masses in modified lensing potentials
• JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z=2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models
• Young Galaxy Candidates in the Hubble Frontier Fields. II. MACS,J0416-2403
• On the faint-end of the galaxy luminosity function in the Epoch of Reionization: updated constraints from the HST Frontier Fields
• A complete census of Herschel-detected infrared sources within the HST Frontier Fields
• A state-of-the-art strong lensing model of MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of spectroscopic multiple images
• The core of the massive cluster merger MACS J0417.5-1154 as seen by VLT/MUSE
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - II. Multiwavelength Photometric analysis of 1.1mm continuum sources in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• BlueMUSE: Project Overview and Science Cases
• An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Mass profile decomposition of the Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0416-02403. Insights on the Dark-Matter inner profile
• Joining X-ray to lensing: an accurate combined analysis of MACS J0416.1$-$2403
• The Gini Coefficient as a Tool for Image Family Idenitification in Strong Lensing Systems with Multiple Images
• The shape of galaxy dark matter halos in massive galaxy clusters: Insights from strong gravitational lensing
• Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: a Parametric Strong Lensing Approach
• The size-luminosity relation of lensed galaxies at $z=6-9$ in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Systematic or Signal? How dark matter misalignments can bias strong lensing models of galaxy clusters
• Systematic vs. Statistical Uncertainties in Masses and Magnifications of the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Galaxy cluster cores as seen with VLT/MUSE: new strong-lensing analyses of RX J2129.4+0009, MS 0451.6-0305 & MACSJ2129.4-0741
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - IV. Lensing-corrected 1.1 mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Probability of magnification in the $\text{Hubble Frontier Fields}$ clusters
• JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$
• Free-form Grale lens inversion of galaxy clusters with up to 1000 multiple images
• Strong lensing modeling in galaxy clusters as a promising method to test cosmography I. Parametric dark energy models
• A test for skewed distributions of dark matter and a possible detection in galaxy cluster Abell 3827
• Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/optical size of $0.3\lesssim z\lesssim 3$ star-forming galaxies
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter, Core Collapse and the Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lensing Discrepancy
• Hamilton's Object -- a clumpy galaxy straddling the gravitational caustic of a galaxy cluster : Constraints on dark matter clumping
• The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey 5,000 Sq. Deg. Footprint
• CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 Strong Lensing Model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec and NIRCam
• Hubble Frontier Field Clusters and their Parallel Fields: Photometric and Photometric Redshift Catalogs
• The ALMA Frontier Fields survey V: ALMA Stacking of Lyman-Break Galaxies in Abell 2744, Abell 370, Abell S1063, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Model-Independent Mass Reconstruction of the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters with MARS Based on Self-Consistent Strong Lensing Data
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: A spectral stacking analysis of [CII] in lensed $z\sim 6$ galaxies
• Combining Strong Lensing and Dynamics in Galaxy Clusters: integrating MAMPOSSt within LENSTOOL I. Application on SL2S J02140-0535
• Quantifying the Impact of Cosmological Parameter Uncertainties on Strong Lensing Models With an Eye Toward the Frontier Fields
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). XII. Spatially Resolved Galaxy Star Formation Histories and True Evolutionary Paths at z > 1
• VST-GAME: Galaxy Assembly as a function of Mass and Environment with VST. Photometric assessment and density field of MACSJ0416
• Strong Lensing Analysis of the Powerful Lensing Cluster MACS J2135.2-0102 ($z$=0.33)
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. VI. Lensing-corrected 1.1mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370 and Abell S1063
• Setting the scene for BUFFALO: A study of the matter distribution in the HFF galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 and its parallel field
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- IV. Elliptical NFW Lenses and Hyperbolic Umbilics
• BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
• The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Are Low-luminosity Submillimeter Galaxies Detected in the Rest-frame UV?
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies. I: Cross-Section
• Neutral hydrogen lensing simulations in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Tiny galaxies and dark substructures: exploring the "dark" subhaloes in TNG50
• Lenstool-HPC: A High Performance Computing based mass modelling tool for cluster-scale gravitational lenses
• HI in and behind the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters: A Deep MeerKAT Pilot Search out to $z\sim 0.5$
• Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370. A New Framework for Understanding Systematic Errors in Cluster Lens Modeling. IV. Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370
• Source REconstruction of Arcs behind Cluster Halos (SourceREACH): A New Source Reconstruction Algorithm Optimized for Giant Arcs and Galaxy Cluster Lenses
• High Performance Computing for gravitational lens modeling: single vs double precision on GPUs and CPUs
• The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Radio-detected Submillimeter Galaxies in the HST Frontier Fields
• The Kaleidoscope Survey: Strong Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Clusters with Radial Arcs
• Two Peculiar Fast Transients in a Strongly Lensed Host Galaxy
• Galaxies at the edges: a complete census of MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- III: Statistics with HUDF
• A New Estimate of Galaxy Mass-to-Light Ratios from Flexion Lensing Statistics
• Extensive Lensing Survey of Optical and Near-Infrared Dark Objects (El Sonido): HST H-Faint Galaxies behind 101 Lensing Clusters
• The BUFFALO HST Survey
• First Steps Toward a Method for Estimating Cosmological Parameters using Strong Lensing, X-ray and Dynamics Total Mass Estimates