JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$

Abstract

We present a new lens model for the $z=0.396$ galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1$-$2403 based on a previously known set of 77 spectroscopically confirmed, multiply imaged galaxies plus an additional set of 42 candidate multiply imaged galaxies from past HST and new JWST data. The new galaxies lack spectroscopic redshifts but have geometric and/or photometric redshift estimates that are presented here. The new model predicts magnifications and time delays for all multiple images. The full set of constraints totals 343, constituting the largest sample of multiple images lensed by a single cluster to date. Caustic-crossing galaxies lensed by this cluster are especially interesting. Some of these galaxies show transient events, most of which are interpreted as micro-lensing of stars at cosmological distances. These caustic-crossing arcs are expected to show similar events in future, deeper JWST observations. We provide time delay and magnification models for all these arcs. The time delays and the magnifications for different arcs are generally anti-correlated, as expected from $N$-body simulations. In the major sub-halos of the cluster, the dark-matter mass from our lens model correlates well with the observed number of globular clusters. This confirms earlier results, derived at lower redshifts, which suggest that globular clusters can be used as powerful mass proxies for the halo masses when lensing constraints are scarce or not available.

21 pages and 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (27)

• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• JWST's PEARLS: Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science: Project Overview and First Results
• New redshift z ~ 9 galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Implications for early evolution of the UV luminosity density
• Galactic Dark Matter Halos and Globular Cluster Populations. III: Extension to Extreme Environments
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High Precision Strong Lensing Analysis of Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using ~200 Multiple Images
• A Highly Magnified Star at Redshift 6.2
• ProFit: Bayesian Profile Fitting of Galaxy Images
• The effect of baryons on the inner density profiles of rich clusters
• Spectral Templates Optimal for Selecting Galaxies at z > 8 with JWST
• Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403
• The MUSE Deep Lensed Field on the Hubble Frontier Field MACS~J0416
• Free Form Lensing Implications for the Collision of Dark Matter and Gas in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403
• Two lensed star candidates at $z\simeq 4.8$ behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015
• JWST's PEARLS: a new lens model for ACT-CL J0102$-$4915, "EL Gordo'', and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST
• JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z=2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models
• A new era of intracluster light studies with JWST
• A state-of-the-art strong lensing model of MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of spectroscopic multiple images
• On the correlation between dark matter, intracluster light and globular cluster distribution in SMACS0723
• Globular cluster numbers in dark matter haloes in a dual formation scenario: an empirical model within EMERGE
• Detection of Intracluster Globular Clusters in the First JWST Images of the Gravitational Lens Cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327 at z = 0.39
• On the Red Supergiant Wind Kink. A Universal mass-loss concept for massive stars
• What Are Those Tiny Things? A First Study of Compact Star Clusters in the SMACS0723 Field with JWST
• A MUSE view of the massive merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 (El Gordo) at z = 0.87: robust strong lensing model and data release
• Imaging dark matter at the smallest scales with $z\approx 1$ lensed stars
• Investigating the $M_{GCS}-M_h$ Relation in the Most Massive Galaxies
• A search for transients in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS): Three new supernovae

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Imaging dark matter at the smallest scales with $z\approx 1$ lensed stars
• CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 Strong Lensing Model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec and NIRCam
• Intracluster light is a biased tracer of the dark matter distribution in clusters
• Microlensing at Cosmological Distances: Event Rate Predictions in the Warhol Arc of MACS 0416
• BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
• Enhanced strong-lensing model of MACS~J0138.0$-$2155 based on new JWST and VLT/MUSE observations
• Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy
• A tight relation between the distribution of globular clusters and dark matter in AS1063
• Transient star B/R ratio and star formation in $z\gtrsim 1$ lensed galaxies
• Galaxies at the edges: a complete census of MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster
• Intracluster globular clusters as tracers of the mass assembly of the Hydra I galaxy cluster
• Lensed stars in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing -- a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe