ProFit: Bayesian Profile Fitting of Galaxy Images

Abstract

We present ProFit, a new code for Bayesian two-dimensional photometric galaxy profile modelling. ProFit consists of a low-level C++ library (libprofit), accessible via a command-line interface and documented API, along with high-level R (ProFit) and Python (PyProFit) interfaces (available at github.com/ICRAR/ libprofit, github.com/ICRAR/ProFit, and github.com/ICRAR/pyprofit respectively). R ProFit is also available pre-built from CRAN, however this version will be slightly behind the latest GitHub version. libprofit offers fast and accurate two- dimensional integration for a useful number of profiles, including Sersic, Core-Sersic, broken-exponential, Ferrer, Moffat, empirical King, point-source and sky, with a simple mechanism for adding new profiles. We show detailed comparisons between libprofit and GALFIT. libprofit is both faster and more accurate than GALFIT at integrating the ubiquitous Serrsic profile for the most common values of the Serrsic index n (0.5 < n < 8). The high-level fitting code ProFit is tested on a sample of galaxies with both SDSS and deeper KiDS imaging. We find good agreement in the fit parameters, with larger scatter in best-fit parameters from fitting images from different sources (SDSS vs KiDS) than from using different codes (ProFit vs GALFIT). A large suite of Monte Carlo-simulated images are used to assess prospects for automated bulge-disc decomposition with ProFit on SDSS, KiDS and future LSST imaging. We find that the biggest increases in fit quality come from moving from SDSS- to KiDS-quality data, with less significant gains moving from KiDS to LSST.

arXiv comment32 pages, 34 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (48)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies
• The size distribution of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): survey diagnostics and core data release
• The Tenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• LSST Science Book, Version 2.0
• A concise reference to (projected) Sersic R^{1/n} quantities, including Concentration, Profile Slopes, Petrosian indices, and Kron Magnitudes
• A Catalog of Bulge+Disk Decompositions and Updated Photometry for 1.12 Million Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): end of survey report and data release 2
• Structural Properties of Pseudo-Bulges, Classical Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies: an SDSS Perspective
• Efficient Multi-Gaussian Expansion of galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey II. Hubble Space Telescope Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Groth Strip
• A unified multi-wavelength model of galaxy formation
• Gravitational Lensing Analysis of the Kilo Degree Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Structural Investigation of Galaxies via Model Analysis (SIGMA)
• Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): mass-size relations of z$<$0.1 galaxies subdivided by Sérsic index, colour and morphology
• GEMS: Galaxy fitting catalogues and testing parametric galaxy fitting codes
• Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
• A New Empirical Model for the Structural Analysis of Early-type Galaxies and a Critical Review of the Nuker Model
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: Bulge/Disc Decomposition of 10095 Nearby Galaxies
• The Outer Disks of Early-Type Galaxies. I. Surface-Brightness Profiles of Barred Galaxies
• MegaMorph - multi-wavelength measurement of galaxy structure: complete Sérsic profile information from modern surveys
• BUDDA: A New Two-Dimensional Bulge/Disk Decomposition Code for Detailed Structural Analysis of Galaxies
• A catalogue of 2D photometric decompositions in the SDSS-DR7 spectroscopic main galaxy sample: preferred models and systematics
• A cluster finding algorithm based on the multiband identification of red sequence galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Accurate Panchromatic Photometry from Optical Priors using LAMBDAR
• Curvature in the scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: the space density and surface brightness distribution(s) of galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): ${\mathcal{M}}_{\star }-R_{\mathrm{e}}$ relations of $z=0$ bulges, discs and spheroids
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The luminosity functions of bulges and discs and their implied stellar mass densities
• Hyper-Fit: Fitting Linear Models to Multidimensional Data with Multivariate Gaussian Uncertainties
• Bulges versus disks: the evolution of angular momentum in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the Stellar Mass Budget by Galaxy Type
• A review of elliptical and disc galaxy structure, and modern scaling laws
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): ugrizYJHK Sérsic luminosity functions and the cosmic spectral energy distribution by Hubble type
• Luminosity and stellar mass functions of disks and spheroids in the SDSS and the supermassive black hole mass function
• Two-phase galaxy evolution: the cosmic star-formation histories of spheroids and discs
• Supermassive black holes and their host spheroids I. Disassembling galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the Stellar Mass Budget of Galaxy Spheroids and Disks
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Understanding the wavelength dependence of galaxy structure with bulge-disc decompositions
• Two dimensional bulge disk decomposition
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the wavelength dependence of galaxy structure versus redshift and luminosity
• The luminosity functions and stellar masses of galactic disks and spheroids
• The Wide Area VISTA Extra-galactic Survey (WAVES)
• Detection, size, measurement and structural analysis limits for the 2MASS, UKIDSS-LAS & VISTA VIKING surveys

Cited by in corpus (84)

• The optical morphologies of galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation: a comparison to Pan-STARRS observations
• Shark: introducing an open source, free and flexible semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• ProFound: Source Extraction and Application to Modern Survey Data
• JWST's PEARLS: Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science: Project Overview and First Results
• JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr After the Big Bang
• ProSpect: Generating Spectral Energy Distributions with Complex Star Formation and Metallicity Histories
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: High-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Global stellar populations on the size-mass plane
• An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2 COSMOS field
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Assimilation of KiDS into the GAMA database
• Deep learning for galaxy surface brightness profile fitting
• The relationship between the morphology and kinematics of galaxies and its dependence on dark matter halo structure in EAGLE
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Quenching of star formation in clusters I. Transition galaxies
• Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images
• JWST's PEARLS: a new lens model for ACT-CL J0102$-$4915, "EL Gordo'', and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST
• IllustrisTNG in the HSC-SSP: image data release and the major role of mini mergers as drivers of asymmetry and star formation
• Bulge plus disc and Sérsic decomposition catalogues for 16,908 galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82 co-adds: A detailed study of the $ugriz$ structural measurements
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): Identification of AGN through SED Fitting and the Evolution of the Bolometric AGN Luminosity Function
• Galapagos-2/Galfitm/GAMA -- multi-wavelength measurement of galaxy structure: separating the properties of spheroid and disk components in modern surveys
• Recovering ${\lambda }_R$ and $V/\sigma$ from seeing-dominated IFS data
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Decomposed Stellar Kinematics of Galaxy Bulges and Disks
• Modelling the cosmic spectral energy distribution and extragalactic background light over all time
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: A Range in S0 Properties Indicating Multiple Formation Pathways
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: flipping of the spin-filament alignment correlates most strongly with growth of the bulge
• Automated detection of very Low Surface Brightness galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Demonstrating the power of WISE in the study of Galaxy Groups to $z<0.1$
• xGASS: The Impact of Photometric Bulges on the Scatter of HI Scaling Relations
• Quantifying Non-parametric Structure of High-redshift Galaxies with Deep Learning
• xGASS: passive disks do not host unexpectedly large reservoirs of cold atomic hydrogen
• ProFuse: Physical Multi-Band Structural Decomposition of Galaxies and the Mass-Size-Age Plane
• xGASS: The Role of Bulges Along and Across the Local Star-Forming Main Sequence
• The bulge masses of TDE host galaxies and their scaling with black hole mass
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Bulge-disk decomposition of KiDS data in the nearby universe
• The Star-forming Main Sequence of the Host Galaxies of Low-redshift Quasars
• SKYSURF: Constraints on Zodiacal Light and Extragalactic Background Light through Panchromatic HST All-Sky Surface-Brightness Measurements: I. Survey Overview and Methods
• Euclid preparation XXVI. The Euclid Morphology Challenge. Towards structural parameters for billions of galaxies
• An [$\alpha$/Fe]-enhanced thick disk in a Milky Way Analogue
• Euclid preparation. XXV. The Euclid Morphology Challenge -- Towards model-fitting photometry for billions of galaxies
• Paper 1: The JWST PEARLS View of the El Gordo Galaxy Cluster and of the Structure It Magnifies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the difference between ionised gas and stellar velocity dispersions
• SimSpin -- Constructing mock IFS kinematic data cubes
• PSFGAN: a generative adversarial network system for separating quasar point sources and host galaxy light
• A numerical twist on the observational spin parameter, ${\lambda }_R$
• AstroPhot: Fitting Everything Everywhere All at Once in Astronomical Images
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Properties and evolution of red spiral galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: bulge and disk stellar population properties in cluster galaxies
• JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$
• JWST's PEARLS: TN J1338-1942 -- I. Extreme jet triggered star-formation in a $z=4.11$ luminous radio galaxy
• Bayesian photometric redshifts of blended sources
• Exploring Relations Between BCG \& Cluster Properties in the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources Survey from $0.05<z<0.3$
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Using Tidal Streams and Shells to Trace the Dynamical Evolution of Massive Galaxies
• The colors of bulges and disks in the core and outskirts of galaxy clusters
• SKYSURF: Constraints on Zodiacal Light and Extragalactic Background Light through Panchromatic HST All-Sky Surface-Brightness Measurements: II. First Limits on Diffuse Light at 1.25, 1.4, and 1.6 microns
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): The emergence of bulges and decline of disk growth since $z=1$
• Self-consistent bulge/disk/halo galaxy dynamical modeling using integral field kinematics
• An Extensive Photometric Catalog of CALIFA Galaxies
• The Seven Sisters DANCe III: Projected spatial distribution
• Galaxies decomposition with spiral arms -- II: A multiwavelength case study of M 51
• JADES: Rest-frame UV-to-NIR Size Evolution of Massive Quiescent Galaxies from Redshift z=5 to z=0.5
• Morphological Parameters and Associated Uncertainties for 8 Million Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey
• Star-Forming, Rotating Spheroidal Galaxies in the GAMA and SAMI Surveys
• Translators of galaxy morphology indicators between observation and simulation
• Stellar systems following the $R^{1/m}$ luminosity law. IV. The total energy and the central concentration of galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: Group and field galaxy morphologies in the star-formation rate - stellar mass plane
• Projected distances to host galaxy reduce SNIa dispersion
• Bayesian fitting of multi-Gaussian expansion models to galaxy images
• Evolution of the Sérsic Index up to z=2.5 from JWST and HST
• Stellar angular momentum distribution linked to galaxy morphology
• A new fitting concept for the robust determination of Sérsic model parameters
• PEARLS: Low Stellar Density Galaxies in the El Gordo Cluster Observed with JWST
• Evidence for a steeper SMBH-Bulge mass relationship extended to low masses using TDE host galaxies
• Bayesian bulge-disc decomposition of galaxy images
• Predicting bulge to total luminosity ratio of galaxies using deep learning
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: rules of behaviour for spin-ellipticity radial tracks in galaxies
• What determines the HI gas content in galaxies?: morphological dependence of the HI gas fraction across M*-SFR plane
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): First Data Release Covering The D10 (COSMOS) Region
• Identification and Quenching of Nugget Galaxies in the RESOLVE Survey at z = 0
• The link between galaxy structure properties and star formation in local galaxies
• PEARLS: Discovery of Point-Source Features Within Galaxies in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field
• K-Band Imaging of the Nearby, Clumpy Turbulent Disk Galaxy DYNAMO G04-1
• Galaxy 3D Shape Recovery using Mixture Density Network
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The Dependence of Star Formation on Surface Brightness in Low Redshift Galaxies
• xGASS: characterizing the slope and scatter of the stellar mass - angular momentum relation for nearby galaxies
• GALFITools: A Python library to enhance GALFIT usage in galaxy image modeling